What is Go and how to play it?

Weiqi is an intellectual game, which originated from Qizishan, Lingchuan, Shanxi, China, and has a history of more than 3,000 years. Weiqi contains the meanings in ancient philosophy, such as one yuan gives birth to two instruments, two instruments gives birth to four elephants, four elephants give birth to eight diagrams, a place with a round sky, solar terms in the 19th agricultural season, days of 360 weeks and so on. It is rich in variety, profound in meaning and infinite in charm.

Today, tens of millions of people in Asia play Weiqi, and many people in Europe and America can play Weiqi.

The rules of Go are very simple, but it has a broad space to play, which makes Go more diverse and complicated than China chess. This is the charm of Go. There is no time limit for the next game of Go, which is five minutes fast and several days slow. Most of the time, the next game takes an hour or two.

Playing Go is very helpful to the intellectual development of human brain, which can enhance people's computing ability, memory, creativity, thinking ability and judgment ability, and also improve people's ability to control attention. Playing Go will also play a positive role in children's analysis.

Weiqi is also called "hand talk". Both sides communicate with each other in the language of chess, and each hand transmits information. Tactically, there is a saying in Weiqi that "Jinjiao has a silver border and a grass belly". It means that the same amount of land is enclosed, and both sides of the chessboard can be used on the corners of the chessboard, which requires the least strength (number of hands); The edge of the chessboard can only use one side of the chessboard, which requires more strength (number of hands); In the chessboard, there is no edge in the middle abdomen, which requires the most force (number of hands). Therefore, the mainstream game mode is mainly based on the corners of the chessboard. Weiqi is an economics. Different from other chess events, the process of catching some opponents' pieces first and then pursuing the goal to win, Weiqi takes the side that controls the territory as the winner and pursues the numerical advantage; Go, like other chess events, is also played by both sides in turn, and the opportunity of playing chess pieces and moves is a scarce resource for players.

Economics is a science that studies how to allocate scarce resources for different purposes in order to satisfy the infinite desires of human beings as much as possible. Weiqi studies how to allocate the limited military resources well and satisfy the desire of the players to control as much territory as possible. It is easy to use your own six pieces to fence the corner with two live chess, but the efficiency of resource allocation is very low, and your opponent's six pieces can completely surround more live chess and gain an advantage. The core concept of economics (1) is opportunity cost. You can't have your cake and eat it. Both fish and bear's paw are opportunity costs and must be chosen. This is also reflected in the unique "robbery" of Go. Rob and don't rob is the opportunity cost of each other, and we must choose. The principle of comparative advantage is also applicable. In fact, choice runs through the whole process of playing chess. If you understand Go from the perspective of moderation or' harmony', you will have more experience of life. Different from chess, military chess and military chess, the number of sub-forces on the chessboard is monotonously decreasing with the progress of the chess game, and it is impossible to increase. In addition to being eaten, the number of children on the board of Go generally increases with the progress of the game.

Therefore, except the first move, every move is an increment on the basis of the original situation, and every move behind it should be marginal analysis, which is an important research method of economics. Game theory is summarized from all kinds of games including Go, and it is also applicable to Go. Another important principle of economics is that more expected returns are often accompanied by greater risks, and so is Go. It is more reliable to surround two destinations in the corner with your own six pieces. You can be the master in these two destinations without risk, but the income of only two destinations is very low; It is more profitable to enclose more sites with the same six blocks, but sometimes such sites may not be able to make their own decisions, and there is a risk of being broken by opponents. How similar this is to the economic phenomenon! Go is a bit like enclosure in economic history.

The Development of Go in China

Weiqi is figuratively likened to a black-and-white world. It is a favorite entertainment and competitive activity in ancient China, and it is also the oldest board game in human history. Because it integrates science, art and competition, it has the characteristics of developing intelligence, cultivating will quality and flexible strategic and tactical thinking. Therefore, it has flourished for thousands of years and gradually developed into an international cultural competition.

Weiqi, called chess in ancient China, can be said to be the originator of the whole ancient chess, which is said to have a history of more than 4,000 years. According to Shiben, Go was written by Yao. Zhang Hua of the State of Jin also said in the Natural History: "Shun pretends to teach his son stupidity." Shun is a legendary figure, which makes the theory of Go unreliable, but it reflects the early origin of Go.

the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

Weiqi has been widely circulated in the society. Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-five Years of "xianggong" once recorded such a thing. In 559 BC, the monarch of Wei was deported by Dr. Ning Zhi and others. Later, Ning Zhi's son promised to welcome Wei Xiangong back. Criticized: "Ningjia is going to have a disaster. The players are indecisive and unable to couple. What is the situation? " The word "indecision" in Weiqi is used to describe political indecision, which shows that Weiqi activities have become a common thing in the society at that time.