Answer solar terms with prizes.

(1) Figures A and B can reflect the time difference between Beijing and new york. Figure A is the light map of summer solstice, because there is extreme sunlight in the Arctic Circle. In this season, the similarity between Changsha and Beijing is that it is hot and rainy.

(2) The winter vacation of schools in Changsha is usually after the winter solstice. At this time, Changsha has long days and nights, and Canberra, the capital of Australia, is in summer.

(3) The working people in ancient China arranged farming according to the solar terms, and the planting system was five crops every two years in Dongting Lake Plain. The sowing date of early rice should be after the vernal equinox, when the sun is facing the equator.

So the answer is:

(1) Figure A; Summer solstice; ②; High temperature and rainy;

(2)④; The days are short and the nights are long; Summer;

(3)①; equator