Appreciation of the Original Text of the Pre-Qin Prose Xun Tian Zi Lun

Appreciation of the Original Text of the Pre-Qin Prose Xun Tian Zi Lun

One day, it's not for Yao's life or Jay's death. Governance should be good, chaos should be fierce. Strong is frugal, poor is not poor. If you are prepared and move, you won't get sick. Practice without two (5), and heaven cannot be a disaster. So floods and droughts can't make it hungry, cold and heat can't make it sick, and monsters can't make it fierce. If you use it frugally, you can't make it rich. If you improve and move a little, you can't do it all; If you do something wrong, you can't make it lucky. So we were hungry before the flood and drought, sick before the cold and summer, and fierce before the arrival of the monster. The receiving time is the same as the management world (1 1), but the disaster and management world are different. You can't blame the sky, but it's natural. Therefore, if you make clear the distinction between heaven and man, you can say that you are human (12).

The duty of a husband is to get what he wants without asking (13). If yes, it is deep, but it is not considered (14); Although it is large, it does not add energy; Although it is fine, it is not observed; Husband's intention is not to contend with heaven. The right time, the right place, the right people, the right people and their own governance, the husband said that he can participate (15). Giving up his participation and hoping for his participation (16) is confusing.

The stars revolve around (17), the sun and the moon shine (18), the four-year-old emperor (19), and the yin and yang flourish (20). Everything is harmonious and complete, and the husband is called the god. Everyone knows its success, but it is intangible (2 1), and the husband is called Heaven (22). Only saints don't understand knowledge.

Heaven's duty is established, achievements are made, the shape is tangible and the spirit is born (23), likes and dislikes, joys and sorrows are hidden (24), and the husband is called heaven. Ear, ear, nose and mouth can be connected separately (25) but not interconnected (26), and the husband is called Tianguan (27). A guilty conscience (28), when you treat the five senses, your husband is called Tianjun. Wealth is not its kind (29). In order to raise its kind, the husband calls it natural raising. Let nature take its course and call it blessing, while the opposite is called disaster, and the husband is called heavenly politics. It is a great evil for a husband to hide the heavenly monarch, confuse the heavenly officials, abandon the cultivation of heaven, go against the politics of heaven, betray the feelings of heaven, and lose his heavenly power. A saint knows his heavenly monarch, is his heavenly officer, prepares his heavenly supplement, follows his heavenly politics and nurtures his heavenly feelings, so as to make full use of his heavenly power. If so, you know what you do and what you don't do; Then heaven and earth officer (30), everything is in service. His practice of Qu Zhi (3 1), his practice of Qu Zhi's fitness, his life does not hurt (32), and his husband knows heaven.

So if Joe doesn't do it, great wisdom won't do it. Those who aspire to ascend to heaven (33) have seen the water (34); Those who are eager for land can rest when they think fit (35); People who aim at four points have already seen their own abilities (36); Determined to Yin and Yang, see and cure (37). Officials guard the sky, and the Tao is their own (38).

Note ① skyline: refers to all movements and changes in nature. ② Treatment: Reasonable measures. ③ Ben: refers to agriculture. (4) Maintenance: Sufficient living materials. When you move, when you move. 5 repairs: as a "cycle". 6. "Hunger" under the original word "Hunger": Yan Wen. ⑦ Monster: refers to natural disasters or mutations. 8 Han: Diligence means laziness. 9 times: pass "back". Attending to thinking: approaching. (1 1) Acceptance time: meeting time. (12) Zhiren: The most sensible person. (13) natural function. (14) person: refers to the "knowing benevolence" above. (15) Shen: "three" means that people can give full play to their subjective enthusiasm and make use of time, land and wealth to make a difference, that is, they can occupy a certain position. (16) wish: envy, hope to get. (17) Follow rotation: Follow operation. (18) passed: alternate. (19) generation: successively. Royal, okay. (20) Dahua: Change everything. (2 1) Invisible: naturally there is no trace to be found. (22) days: natural phenomena. (23) shape: shape. Have, have God, spirit. (24) Zang: Pass on Zang. (25) Function: Function. (26) phase energy: replace each other. (27) Tianguan: Natural faculties. (28) hollow. Chinese (29) wealth: through "cutting", transformation and utilization. Everything that is different. (30) Officer: Duty, let heaven and earth benefit mankind. (3 1) Qu: Deliberate. (32) life: life. (33) ambition: knowledge. (34) Already: Pass "to" pass. See, read the sage. Seeing images is a natural phenomenon. Period, look forward to. (35) Suitable: Suitable for various growth conditions. Rest, grow and reproduce. (36) Number: refers to the natural laws of the four seasons. Things, engaged in production in accordance with the time. (37) and: the original "knowledge". Officer: Anyone. Observing the sky means studying and mastering the laws and phenomena of nature.

The operation of nature has certain rules. It doesn't exist for Yao, and it won't disappear for Jie. If you treat it with reasonable measures, you will get good luck; if you treat it with unreasonable measures, you will suffer serious disasters. If we strengthen agriculture and save money, we will not be poor. When the living materials are ready and the actions are done, the weather can't make people sick; If you follow the laws of nature and are not half-hearted, God can't make people suffer. Therefore, floods and droughts can't cause famine, severe cold and heat can't cause diseases and epidemics, and extremely ominous phenomena can't cause disasters. If agriculture abandons luxury, heaven will not make people rich; Insufficient supplies, lazy actions, and the sky can't make people complete; If you go against the laws of nature and act rashly at will, it will not make people lucky. Therefore, famine occurs before floods and droughts, diseases and epidemics occur before severe cold and heat approach, and disasters occur before abnormal and ominous phenomena appear. We met at the same time in Waheji, but the disasters we suffered in Waheji were different. We cannot blame God. The laws of nature make things like this. Therefore, people who know the boundary between nature and personnel can be called "saints".

Success can not be achieved by practical actions, nor by deliberate pursuit. This is the so-called "duty" (the function of nature). A truth like this, though profound, is not considered by people; Although big, people do not display their talents; Although it's okay, people don't investigate; This is called not competing with heaven for a job. There are four seasons in the sky, products in the land and control measures for people. This is that people can occupy a certain position in the universe, with heaven and earth. It is unreasonable to give up the efforts that should be made to occupy a certain position and envy natural phenomena such as heaven and earth.

The stars move, the sun and the moon alternate, the four seasons run, Yin and Yang create everything, and the wind and rain are widespread. Everything grows in harmony with these natural phenomena and is nourished by them. People can't see its action, but they can see its effect. It's called god. Everyone knows the reason for its success, and no one knows its nothingness, which is called heaven. Only 1 saints don't want to know about nature.

The vocation has been established, the achievement has been achieved, the body has a spirit, and the feelings of love and hate, joy and anger, sadness and joy are all included. This is the so-called "natural feeling". Ear, eye, nose, mouth and body have their own functions, but they cannot replace each other. This is called "heavenly officer" (natural action). The heart is located in the middle of the body, and it is used to rule the five senses. This is called "Tianjun" (natural monarch). Feeding human beings with everything different from human beings is called. Natural support "(natural support), which meets the natural needs of human beings, is called blessing, on the contrary, it is called" natural politics "(natural law). Blinded his heavenly monarch, disturbed his destiny, gave up his husband's support, violated his own heavenly politics, deviated from his own natural situation, and lost his natural strength. This is called a big killer. A saint knows his heavenly king and is his celestial official. Enrich one's natural accomplishment, obey one's natural politics and cultivate one's natural feelings, thus fulfilling one's natural merits. In this way, you will know what you should and shouldn't do, so that heaven and earth can do their jobs and everything can be used by people. His behavior is orderly, his maintenance is quite comfortable, and his life has not been hurt. This is called knowing heaven.

Therefore, the greatest skill is not to do what you can't do, and the greatest wisdom is not to think about it or not. Our understanding of the sky is what we can expect from those natural phenomena; What we know about the earth is what can grow and reproduce under natural conditions; The four seasons we know can be produced according to the laws of nature; What we know about Yin and Yang is that natural kindness can be used to govern political affairs. Appoint people to study and master natural phenomena and follow the laws of nature.

Comment on Appreciation of Xunzi China's Ancient Literature by Chen Ming Ren Xi: "If you don't contend with heaven, you must do your best first. ..... Stand by and let people do it.

A brief comment on Xunzi's view that heaven is a natural thing, and the development of nature has its objective regularity, regardless of people's subjective wishes. Therefore, we should make clear the distinction between heaven and man, don't compete with heaven for jobs, and don't mistake heaven for it. Not only can people not change the laws of nature, but heaven has nothing to do with people's good or bad luck, fortune, wealth and illness. As long as we don't violate the laws of nature and do our best, people can occupy a certain position in the universe.

In this section, Xunzi also showed his dialectical thought. Based on his objective understanding of nature, he thinks that "great wisdom does not do it, and great wisdom does not do it". This thought of doing something is the knowledge of ancient and modern wise men.

Cure evil spirits? Yue: The sun, the moon, the stars and the auspicious calendar (1) are the same as Yu Jie; Danger by the rule of law, profit by chaos; It's unnatural to control chaos. Time demon? Yue: Fan Qifan grew up in spring and summer, and collected livestock in autumn and winter, which is also the land of Yu Jie; Danger by the rule of law, profit by chaos; Now is not the time for chaos. Soil evil? Yue: If you get land, you will live, and if you lose land, you will die, just like Yu Jie; Danger by the rule of law, profit by chaos; Treating chaos is different. "Poetry" said: "The sky is a mountain, and the king is a shortage; ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ This is also called 93 1.

If the sky is not evil, it will stop in the cold winter, if the earth is not evil, it will stop in the far and wide, and the gentleman will not be a villain in Hungary. The sky is constant, the earth is constant, and the gentleman is constant (1 1). A scholar always does what he should do, and a villain always does what he should do (12). Poetry says (13): "What's wrong with courtesy (14) and caring about others (15). "This is also called.

The king of Chu rode a thousand times (16) without knowing it (17); A gentleman is not stupid to drink water (18); It's a festival (19). If a husband is determined to practice (20), he is virtuous, well-informed, born today and ambitious about the past, then he is in me. Therefore, a gentleman respects himself (2 1) and does not envy those who are in heaven; The villain is wrong in himself (22) and admires in heaven. A gentleman respects those who are in himself, but does not envy those who are in heaven, so he advances in the day; The villain himself is wrong, but those who admire him in the spirit of heaven are retreating day by day. Therefore, it is reasonable for a gentleman to advance day by day, and it is also reasonable for a villain to retreat day by day. This is the reason why gentlemen and villains look at each other (23).

Star team, admiration (24) are all feared by Chinese people. He said, "What is it? Nothing, only the change of heaven and earth, the transformation of yin and yang, and the scarcity of things is precious. Strange, too; And fear it, don't also. The existence of the sun and the moon is unique and unusual from time to time (25). If you are enlightened and politically peaceful, even if you are in harmony with the world, you will not be hurt; In darkness and political risk (26), it is useless, although no one. The team of stars, the sound of wood, is the change of heaven and earth, the change of yin and yang, and the scarcity of things; Strange, too; And fear it, don't also.

It's no use crying over spiderman (27). Cropping hurts crops (28), withers and hurts years (29), and political risks lose people. The fields are full of evil crops and the people are hungry (30). There are dead people on the road, and her husband is called a shemale; Law is unknown, wrong from time to time (3 1), skills ignored (32), husband called shemale; There is no distinction between inside and outside, men and women * * *, father and son are suspicious (33), separated from each other (34), and it is difficult to get together. Husband is called shemale. Magic is born in chaos, three mistakes (35), no security. What it says is (36), and its disaster is very miserable (37). Sometimes cattle and horses are born together, and six animals are strange (38), which is both strange and powerful (39). Chuan said, "There is nothing strange in the book." Useless argument, no urgent trial, abandon and die; The meaning of husband, the meaning of monarch and minister, the relationship between father and son, and the difference between husband and wife, then they will learn from each other and give up each other. (40)。

Rain (4 1), why? Nothing, but it's raining. Saving it by an eclipse of the sun and the moon is a great drought, and then making a fortune (42). If you think you can't get it, you can also use the text (43). Therefore, the gentleman thinks literature, while the people think God. Think that the text is auspicious and that the gods are fierce.

Heaven knows nothing about the sun and the moon, earth knows nothing about fire and water, things know nothing about pearls and jade, and righteous people know nothing about righteousness. Therefore, the sun and the moon are not high and the light does not shine; If fire and water don't accumulate, it will be moist and rich; If you don't look at Zhu Yu (44), the princes don't think it's expensive; Courtesy and righteousness are not added to the country, and fame and fortune are not white. The life of an old friend lies in heaven, and the life of a country lies in ceremony. The monarch (45) respects the sage and the king, values the law, loves the people and bullies the people, is greedy for more and deceives less, and dies of overturning hidden dangers (46).

Think about it, the king. This is made up of things and animals (47)? It is better to praise it from the sky than to control fate and use it? Wait from time to time, which should be timely? More things (48), stronger than ability (49)? Thinking about things or thinking about things (50), which is better than taking care of things? What makes things happen, and what makes things happen? So, if you think of heaven because you think of the wrong person (5 1), you lose everything.

Note 1 Ruili: refers to solar terms. ② Fan Qi: refers to freshmen. 3 livestock: pass "save". (4) See The Book of Songs Zhou Song Tian Zuo. 5 work: health. ⑥ Great King: A great king, also known as Zhou Wenwang's grandfather. Waste, big, refers to opening up. ⑦ Work: Creation. Kang: Ann. (9) chuo: abolished. Attending Hungary: the same as "aggression", the sound of noise. (1 1) constant body: a fixed sex body. (12) Advantages: Practical. (13) This is a lost poem. (14) This sentence is original. Qian (sound stalk): No. (15) T-shirt: attention. (16) Rear car: the valet's car. (17) Know: Yes. Wisdom. "(18) stamp: eat. Glutinous rice, beans, generally refers to poor food. Festival (19): refers to fortune. (20) ambition: the original "heart." (2 19) Jing: Seriously. (22) Error: adopt "measures" and shelve. (23) county: through "hanging", far. (24) Team: Pass "Down". (25) Party: It is accidental. See, read the sage and appear. (26) Risk: sinister. (27) shemale: an abnormal phenomenon in personnel. (28) Shu (ku, sound bitter): sloppy, sloppy. (29) The original work was "black and blue". Withering: dredging and weeding. Years old, harvest. (30) You (brother): Buy food. (3 1) Error: Pass "measures". (32) Capacity: refers to agriculture. (33) Regarding the word "father", the word "then" was originally used. (34) good: disharmony. (35) three: refers to the above three kinds of shemale. Wrong, staggered. (36) you: pass "you" and be near. (37) Disaster: It was originally "Guo". (38) demon: strange. ③ "Yi" and "No" in the original text. (40) Measures: Learn from each other's strengths. (4 1) Yu: Sacrifice for the rain. (42) Divination: burn tortoise shells to see their cracks, so as to ask good or bad luck. It's called yarrow divination. (43) text: (44) See: as "see", Ming. (45) monarch, ruler. (46) The word "death" on the word "do" originally belonged to Yan Wen. Hidden danger, sinister. (47) Which sum: A fixed format for comparison. Animals should be raised as crops. (48) Because: Let it go. Pay more attention. (49) Better: show and play. (50) The second word "thing": inspection. (5 1) Error: Set "CuO" and place it.

Is there chaos in the world because of heaven? A: The solar terms of the sun, moon and stars in the Yu and Jie eras are the same; However, when danger rules the world, when Jie rules the world, the world is in chaos. It can be seen that chaos is not caused by heaven. Is it because of the season? A: "Everything happens, grows in spring and summer, and is accumulated and collected in autumn and winter, which is the same in the era of Yu and Jie; However, when danger rules the world, when Jie rules the world, the world is in chaos. It can be seen that the chaos is not caused by the season. Is it the land? A: Everything was born in the land and died in the land, and so was Yu Jie's time. However, Yu ruled the world, Jie ruled the world, and the world was in chaos. It can be seen that the chaos was not caused by the land. The Book of Songs says: "Heaven makes mountains, and King Tai develops mountains; Tai Wang started from the base and Wang An kept it. " That's the truth.

The sky doesn't stop winter because people are tired of cold, the land doesn't stop width because people are tired of distance, and the gentleman doesn't stop walking because people are noisy. Heaven has eternal laws, the earth has eternal signs, and gentlemen have eternal nature. A gentleman follows his own code of conduct, and a villain calculates his own utility. The Book of Songs says, "If you don't violate the etiquette, why are you afraid of others gossiping?" That's the truth.

The king of Chu followed by a thousand cars, which is not wisdom; It is not stupid for a gentleman to eat coarse grains and drink cold water; This is caused by their respective fortunes. As for being considerate, virtuous and wise, I was born in this world and yearned for the ancient times, which is what I can do. Therefore, a gentleman takes what he can do seriously and does not envy those things determined by fortune; Little people abandon what they can do and envy what fate decides. A gentleman takes seriously what he can do, but does not envy those things determined by fate, so he makes progress every day; Little people give up what they can do and envy what fate decides, so they are regressing every day. Therefore, the reason why a gentleman makes progress every day is the same as the reason why a villain regresses every day. This is why gentlemen and villains are separated from each other.

When the stars fall and the trees scream, people are afraid. Q: What is this? Answer: Nothing, this is the change of heaven and earth, the change of yin and yang, something rare in things. It is ok to feel strange; If you are afraid of it, you shouldn't. Sometimes there will be a solar eclipse or a lunar eclipse, sometimes the wind and rain are not harmonious, and sometimes there will be strange stars, which is a common phenomenon in any era. If the monarch is wise and the politics is smooth, it doesn't matter if these phenomena appear at the same time; If the monarch is fatuous and politically sinister, then these phenomena will not appear and are useless. The falling of stars and the chirping of trees are the changes of heaven and earth, the changes of yin and yang, and the things in things. It is ok to feel strange; If you are afraid of it, you shouldn't.

Among the things that come out, the strange phenomenon in personnel is terrible. Poor farming will hurt crops, poor farming will reduce production, and political sinister will lose people's hearts. Poor land, bad crops, expensive food, people hungry, and people starving on the road, this is called a strange phenomenon of personnel; Unclear government decrees, inadequate measures and irregular agriculture are called strange phenomena in people's affairs; There is no distinction between courtesy and righteousness, between inside and outside, between men and women, between father and son, and there is disharmony, deviation and theft, which is called a strange phenomenon in personnel. Weird phenomena are born out of chaos. If these three strange phenomena appear alternately, there will be no stable country. This statement is simple, but this kind of disaster is heavy. It is a strange and terrible phenomenon that cows give birth to horses, horses give birth to cows, and all kinds of livestock are at work. It is recorded that "the strange phenomena in all things are not mentioned in the book." Useless arguments and irrelevant investigations should be abandoned and not pursued; As for the relationship between the monarch and the minister, the relationship between father and son, and the difference between husband and wife, we should study every day and never give up.

What's the matter with begging for rain and rain? Answer: Nothing, just like uninvited rain. When there is a solar eclipse or a lunar eclipse, you will help. When it is dry, you will ask for rain. After divination, you will decide great things. This is not to get what you want, but to decorate politics. Therefore, the gentleman regards this as an ornament, and Shu Ren regards this as a god. It is auspicious to regard this as an ornament, but it is dangerous to regard it as a god.

There is nothing brighter than the sun and the moon in the sky, nothing brighter than fire and water on the earth, nothing brighter than pearls and jade, and nothing brighter than courtesy and righteousness among people. Therefore, if the sun and the moon are not high, their brilliance will not shine; Fire and water do not accumulate, and its luster is not wide; Pearl jade is not bright, and princes do not regard it as a treasure; If courtesy and righteousness are not practiced in the country, fame and fortune will not be prominent. Therefore, the fate of man lies in heaven, and the fate of the country lies in the ritual system. Rulers, advocating etiquette and respecting sages can achieve Wang Ye; Only by attaching importance to the legal system and caring for the people can we achieve hegemony; If you like money and profit and do more tricks, you will be in danger; Playing tricks, subverting and acting insidiously will bring about self-destruction.

Sigh at the sky and raise it as a crop. How to control it? Obey and praise heaven, how can we control fate and use it? Looking forward to and waiting for the season, how can we drive it to adapt to the season? Take it as it is, attach importance to it, and how to use your intelligence to change it? Thinking about everything and looking at everything, how can we manage everything without losing it? Envy the conditions for the growth of all things, how can we master the law of the achievement of all things? Therefore, if you give up personnel and yearn for heaven, you will lose your true feelings for everything.

Comment on Chen Ming Ren Xi's Wonderful Appreciation of China Ancient Literature Xunzi: "Interesting. ..... Wang Anshi, the ancestor of this theory, sat without fear of the weather. If a book is not easy to read, it will be the fault of the country. ..... Heaven can't praise, where are people? ..... Life is a matter of heaven, honesty is self-contained, and things are not a matter of heaven. "

Under normal circumstances, Xunzi thinks that heaven is only a natural phenomenon, which is not dominated by God and has nothing to do with personnel. The root of social chaos is not heaven and earth, but human action. So people should know and use nature, don't rely on nature, and don't be superstitious about fate. With regard to nature, people should make things with animals, control destiny and use them, make them timely, make them better, manage things without losing them, and make everything possible. This brilliant thought centered on "mastering fate and using it" is an outstanding contribution of Xunzi in the history of philosophical development.

A hundred kings remain the same, which is enough to make sense. Waste together, should be consistent. Reasonable, not chaotic; I don't know what to do, I don't know what to do. Generally speaking, infiltration has not died, chaos has caused its differences, and treatment has been exhausted. The goodness of the old road can be followed in the middle, and it cannot be distorted and confused. The surface depth of the water walker is 6, and if the surface is unknown, it will sink; Those who govern the people show their ways, and those who do not show their ways are chaotic. Ceremony, table also. Indecent assault, unconsciousness; Confused, chaotic. There is nothing unknown about the old road, which is different externally and internally. Whether it is hidden or obvious, the people are trapped.

The Tao is partial to the whole, and everything is partial to the whole. A fool is partial to the whole, but he thinks he knows and is ignorant. The son of god is seen in the back, not in the front; I have seen in╢⑨, but not in the letter ⑩; Mozi exists in qi, but not in anomaly (11); Pine nuts are rare (12), rare. If there is a rear without first, then the masses have no way; Without faith, there is no distinction between high and low; If there is unity without exception, the law will not be implemented; If there are few but not many, the masses will not change (13). The book says (14): "Nothing (15), according to Wang Zhidao. Do no evil, follow the way of the monarch. " This is also called.

Note ① Penetration: the principle that the outline system runs through the beginning and the end. ② General principles: main principles. 3 poor: error. 4 abnormality: deviation. ⑤ Concealed: "Easy" and circuitous. ⑥ Form: Note. ⑦ Deviation: One aspect. ⑧ Shenzi: namely Shendao, a native of Zhao, was a legalist in the Warring States Period. Laozi: Li Minger, Bai Yang, founder of Taoism. Come on, bend over. Attending the letter: spread "stretch". (1 1) Abnormal: uneven. (12) Song Zi: that is, Song Zi Rong. Song people in the Warring States period. (13): Enlightenment. (14) See Shang Shu Hong Fan. (15) Do well: take personal preferences as preferences.

Today's translation of the emperor's unchangeable law can be regarded as the program of "Tao" This program should be used to adapt to the abolition of one generation and the rise of another. If we rectify this plan, there will be no confusion; If you don't know this program, you don't know how to adapt. The main principle of the program is not lost, and if something goes wrong, there will be confusion; If carried out systematically, it can be cured. Therefore, what "Tao" thinks is good can be followed moderately and without deviation, and those who deviate will lose their way. People who take the waterway should mark the depth of the water, and if the mark is not clear, it will be submerged; People who govern the people should mark "Tao", and if the mark is not clear, it will cause confusion. Etiquette is a symbol. It is not in line with etiquette, it is a dark world; In a dark world, the world will be in chaos. Therefore, when the road is not bright, there are signs outside, and there is an unchanging law in the light and darkness, so that people can avoid drowning.

Everything is an aspect of Tao, and one thing is an aspect of everything. A fool is an aspect of a thing, and a fool thinks he knows the truth, which is ignorance. Shenzi only saw the result after the thing was done, but did not see the reason before it happened; I only saw one side of things, not one side of things. Mozi only saw the same side of things, but did not see the different sides of things; Song Zi only saw the small side of things, but didn't see more. There is no reason beforehand, only the result afterwards, and the masses have no way out; Only bend and not stretch, there is no distinction between high and low; Only when there is no difference can the law be implemented; Only less and no more, the masses can't stand education. "Shangshu" said: "Be impartial and follow the former Wang Zhidao; Don't be deviant, just follow the path of the former king. " That's the truth.

Comment on Zhuzi's Interpretation of Xunzi: "This chapter is better than the word' Guan'."

In this section, Xunzi thinks that Wang Zhidao is consistent, which is an idealistic metaphysical view, which is not commensurate with the main idea of the whole article and reflects the limitations of Xunzi's thought. However, Xunzi's consistent way, that is, "ceremony" and "one waste should be unified", is consistent with his political views.

This article is rigorous and vigorous, full of momentum; Reasoning can be explained in simple terms; Multi-purpose parallelism and parallel dispersion are the top grades in reasoning.