Translate Biography of Wen Tianxiang (Excerpt) 103 Extended Reading of Classical Chinese in Junior High School.

Wen Tianxiang's handwriting Song Rui is also good. He is from Jishui, Jizhou. Tall and handsome, beautiful and white as jade, with fine eyes. When I was a child, I saw my ancestors Ouyang Xiu, Yang Bangyi and Hu Quan, all of whom were called "loyalty" and admired them. They said, "If you don't enjoy the sacrifice among them sideways after death, you are not a gentleman." At the age of 20, he took the Jinshi exam and asked questions in Ying Ji Hall. At that time, Li Zong was in office for a long time, and government affairs gradually slackened off. Wen Tianxiang didn't slack off in answering questions according to God's will. It was more than 10,000 words long, and he couldn't remember the draft. At one stroke, the emperor personally chose him as the first. Examiner Wang Yinglin said, "The answer sheet is as ancient as a mirror and as loyal as a stone, so I dare to celebrate my talents." He went home as soon as his father's funeral was over.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Dayuan Army attacked the Song Dynasty. Eunuch Dong lobbied the emperor to move the capital, and people dared not say that he was wrong. At that time, Wen Tianxiang went to Beijing as the judge of Ningshui Division Festival, and wrote "Begging Dong to behead, so as to make the people agree". Go home automatically if you don't answer. Later, he was gradually promoted to the rank of lang Guan of punishments. Dong once again went to Beijing as the capital, and Wen Tianxiang wrote to condemn him, but he didn't answer. Out of the court, he was appointed as the magistrate of Ruizhou and sentenced to Jiangxi. He was promoted to Zuosi Langzhong, and was repeatedly impeached and dismissed by the admonition officer. Grant the military equipment supervision right to the directly affiliated undergraduate colleges. Jia Sidao claimed that he was ill and begged for abdication, so as to blackmail the monarch and prevent him from sending letters. Wen Tianxiang drafted a book, satirizing Jia Sidao with words. At that time, when accepting the drafting of the internal system, it was necessary to submit the manuscript first. Wen Tianxiang didn't contribute. Jia Sidao was unhappy and asked Zhang Zhili to impeach him. Wen Tianxiang was demoted several times, citing Qian Ruoshui's old example of retiring at the age of 37.

In the ninth year of Xian Chun, he was appointed as a prisoner in Hunan, so he got to know former Prime Minister Jiang Wanli. Jiang Wanli always thought that Wen Tianxiang had integrity. Speaking of state affairs, he said sadly, "I am old. Observing the weather, people will change. I have seen more people. Is it your responsibility to save the country's luck? " You must work hard. "Ten years, changed to Ganzhou is known.

In the early years of Deyou, the river was in a hurry and ordered the world to rise up and be diligent. Wen Tianxiang cried and wrote a letter, sending Chen Jizhou to recruit heroes in the state, uniting ethnic minorities in the cave, and sending Fang Xing to summon Jizhou troops. Heroes from all walks of life responded in succession and concentrated an army of 10 thousand people. After the incident was reported, he was appointed as the special envoy of Jiangxi to punish and appease him and called him to Beijing. A friend stopped him and said, "Now the Mongolian army is beating gongs and drums in three ways, breaking through the suburbs of Beijing and approaching the mainland. You are rushing to resist with more than 10,000 people, which is not the same as chasing sheep and killing tigers. " Wen Tianxiang said, "I also know that I will be left behind. However, for more than 300 years, the state has raised officials and people. Once there is an emergency, it will recruit all the troops in the world, but no one has ever been to Beijing. I feel very sad about this situation. Therefore, I overreach myself, and I want to die for my country. I hope that the loyal ministers and benevolent people in the world will hear the news. If the winner makes meritorious deeds with righteousness, a large number of people will succeed, so that the country can still be saved. "

Wen Tianxiang likes luxury by nature, and enjoys a lot at ordinary times. His mind is full of kabuki. At this time, I made up my mind to spend all my family on military expenses. Every time I talk about current affairs with a guest, I often cry and shoot a few cases and say, "Take other people's happiness as happiness, take other people's sadness as sadness, eat other people's food and die for other people's business." In August, Wen Tianxiang led the troops to Lin 'an and served as the magistrate at Pingjiang. At that time, because Chen had not returned to North Korea, no one was sent to this matter. 10, when Chen arrived, he was sent. The imperial court said that Lu Shimeng would be promoted to the post of Minister of War, and named Lv Wende and King yi county, hoping to make peace with them. Lv Shimeng became more and more arrogant.

When Wen Tianxiang went to the temple to bid farewell, Shang Shu said, "The imperial court tolerated many constraints, but worked hard and complained. It begged Lu Shimeng to sacrifice drums to boost the morale of officers and men." He also said: "In view of the war in the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty cut off the buffer region and established counties. Although it was once enough to correct the shortcomings of poor command, the country gradually weakened. So the enemy captured a state when they arrived in a state, and captured a county when they arrived in a county. The fall of the Central Plains is a pity. Now the world should be divided into four towns, which are in charge of the governor. Add Guangxi to Hunan and set up a handsome house in Changsha; Add Guangdong to Jiangxi and set up a handsome house in Longxing; Add Fujian to Jiangdong and set up Fan Yang Shuai Fu; Huaixi plus Huaidong, buy Yangzhou handsome house. Changsha was ordered to capture Ezhou, Longxing captured Qiu and Huang, Fanyang captured Jiangdong, and Yangzhou captured Huaibei, which expanded the territory and strengthened the national strength, enough to defend against the enemy. On the appointed date, fight hard together, if you don't advance, you will retreat, looking for the enemy day and night. Their defenses are scattered and exhausted, and folk heroes take the opportunity to make trouble. If they do this, the enemy will not be difficult to repel. " At that time, some people thought that Wen Tianxiang's argument was unrealistic, and there was no answer in the book.

In October, Wen Tianxiang entered Pingjiang, and Dayuan Army set out from Jinling and entered Changzhou. Wen Tianxiang sent generals Zhu Hua, Yu Yin, Ma Shilong and Zhang Quan to save Changzhou. When they arrived at Yuqiao, Ma Shilong died. Zhu Hua fought in Ebony with a great army and failed. Yu Yin's army was also defeated, rushing to cross the river and holding Zhang Quan's warship hostage. Zhang Quan's army cut off their fingers and drowned. I fought with 500 disabled soldiers all night, and all of them were killed until dawn. Richard cheung kuen escaped without firing an arrow. Dayuanjun captured Changzhou and became independent. Chen and Liu called Wen Tianxiang, gave up the chalk river and guarded Yuhang.

In the first month of next year, he will be the magistrate of Lin' an Prefecture. Not long. The Song Dynasty surrendered, and Chen and Zhang Shijie escaped. So he appointed Wen Tianxiang as a Tang Dynasty envoy. Soon, he was appointed as the right prime minister and special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and sent him to the army to make peace. In Gaoting Mountain, he argued directly with Dawan Prime Minister Bo Yan. The Prime Minister was furious and detained him. Go north to Zhenjiang with Prime Minister Zuo, Prime Minister Yu, Xie Tang who knows the Privy Council, Privy Council official Xuan Weng who signed the book, and Liu Gang who signed the bookcase secret court. Wen Tianxiang and his doorman Du Hu 12 people fled into Zhou Zhen at night. Miao greeted him in Chengcheng. While he was happy, he cried and said, "The army of the Huai River is enough to revive, but the two generals have contradictions and cannot unite." Wen Tianxiang asked, "What can I do?" Miao Zaicheng said, "Now, we invite troops from Huaixi to Jiankang, and the other side will do everything possible to resist our troops from the west. Command the eastern generals to attack Wantou with Tong and Hu Zhijun, attack Yangzi Bridge with Gaoyou, Baoying and Huai 'an armies, and attack Guabu with Yangzhou armies. I directly attacked Zhenjiang with my fleet and launched it on a large scale that day. Wantou and Yangzi Bridge are weak troops along the Yangtze River. We look forward to the arrival of our army day and night, and we can win it as soon as we attack. Three sides jointly attacked Guabu. I approached from one side of the river, and even very smart people couldn't find their way. After capturing Guabu, the eastern army entered the entrance of Beijing, and the western army entered Jinling to intercept Zhejiang's retreat. Their marshal can be captured. " Wen Tianxiang repeatedly said yes, and immediately wrote to two envoys, sending envoys to various places to discuss the alliance.

Before Wen Tianxiang arrived, a soldier who escaped from Yangzhou said, "I secretly sent a prime minister to Zhou Zhen to persuade him to surrender." Tingzhang was convinced that Wen Tianxiang had come to surrender. Send Miao again and kill him at once. Miao zaicheng can't stand it. Lure Wen Tianxiang out to inspect the Yugoslav capital, show him the regulations of the manufacturing department, and shut him out. Wait outside the door for a long time, and then send two men to spy on Wen Tianxiang, and kill him if he really surrenders. Two people talked to Wen Tianxiang respectively, and saw that he was loyal and didn't have the heart to kill him. They sent twenty soldiers to lead him to Yangzhou. When they reached the gate of Sigu, they heard people waiting to open the door talking. The production department ordered the prime minister to be very strict, and everyone looked at each other, terrified, so they went to sea to the east, met the enemy, and hid in the earth wall. But I was too hungry to get up, so I took some leftovers from the woodcutter. Entering the Banqiao, the enemy came again, and everyone ran to hide in the bamboo bushes. The enemy soldiers searched the alley, caught Du You and left. Jasmine Zhang was shot in the eye by an arrow and was injured twice, but Wen Tianxiang was not caught. Du You and Jin Ying took out the gold hidden in their arms and gave it back to the soldiers. They hired two woodcutter, carried Wen Tianxiang to Gaoyou in a basket, and took a boat to Wenzhou.

It was said that the beneficial king had not acceded to the throne, and he was advised to succeed. He was called to Fuzhou as the right prime minister with a bachelor's degree in plastic arts and reading. Later, people disagreed with Chen. In July, Israel and the viceroy went to western Liaoning, so they began to recruit soldiers into Tingzhou. In October, staff officer Zhao Shishang and counselor Zhao led the army to capture Ningdu, and counselor wujun led the army to capture it. Xiao Mingzhe and Chen Dou came from Jiangxi to meet them. Zou summoned the deputy envoys to gather troops in Ningdu, and the Great Yuan Army attacked. Zou? The army was defeated, and Liu Qin, Ju Huashu, Yan, Yan Qiyan, etc., who started the uprising together, all died. Professor Luo Kaili of Wugang mobilized troops to recapture Yongfeng County, and was soon defeated and captured, and died in prison. Tianxiang heard that Luo Kaili was dead and wept for him.

In the first month of the 14th year of Zhiyuan, Dayuan Army entered Tingzhou, and Wen Tianxiang moved to Zhangzhou to beg for the emperor. Zhao Shishang and Ye Zhao led the troops back, but only Wu Jun's army did not arrive. Soon, Wu Jun surrendered and lobbied Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang tied up Wu Jun and strangled him. In April, when they entered Meizhou, Wang Fu and Qian were arrogant and beheaded. In May, I left Jiangxi and entered Huichang. In June, I entered Xingguo County. In July, Zhang Bian, Zhao Shishang, Zhao and other staff officers were sent to gather all the soldiers and reach Gancheng. Take soldiers from Ganzhou to attack Yongfeng and Li from Jizhou to attack Taihe. Half of the eight counties in Jizhou were recovered, but Ganzhou could not attack. All the states in Lin Hong surrendered. Tan, Zhang Tang, Xiong Gui, Liu Douyuan, Wu, Chen Ziquan and others fought between Shao Yong and recovered several counties. When did Fuzhou fight Wen Tianxiang? Heroes in Fenning, Wuning and Jianchang all sent people to command the army.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the envoy of Jiangxi Hengli sent troops to rescue Ganzhou and personally directed the army to attack Wen Tianxiang, which rejuvenated the country. Wen Tianxiang didn't expect the army to come suddenly, so he withdrew to Yongfeng to take refuge in Zou Shi. Zou Shi's army was defeated first, and pursued Wen Tianxiang until the alchemist ordered it. Gong Xin tried to resist and was shot dead. Empty pit, shuddering, Wen Tianxiang's wife and children were all caught. He was awarded a sedan chair on a trip. Later, the soldier asked him his name. Zhao was rewarded and said, "My surname is Wen." Everyone thought it was Wen Tianxiang, so they took him back and Wen Tianxiang was able to escape.

Sun Biao, Peng Zhenlong and Zhang Bian all died in battle, and Miao Chaozong hanged himself. Wu Wenbing, Lin Dong and Liu Zhu were all arrested and sent back to Longxing. Zhao Shihui persevered in cursing. When someone is arrested for being involved, he often waves away and says, "It's just a small contracting officer. What are you doing here? " So many people have escaped. Before being executed, Liu Zhu still wanted to defend himself. Zhao scolded him: "It's a death wish. Why do you want this? " So Lin Dong, Wu Wenbing, Xiao Jingfu and Xiao Daofu were all killed.

Wen Tianxiang packed up down archers, ran to Zhou Xun and stationed in Nanling. Li secretly wanted to surrender, catch him and kill him. In March of the fifteenth year of Zhiyuan, he entered Lijiang Pu. In June, into the stone cannon. Wangyi is dead, Wang Wei Li Ji. Wen Tianxiang impeached himself and begged to go to Beijing, but he refused. In August, add Wen Tianxiang, protect your family and believe in lord protector. Plague prevailed in the army and hundreds of soldiers died. Wen Tianxiang had only one son, and both sons were dead. 1 1 month, entering Chaoyang county. Chaozhou thieves Chen Yi and Liu Xing rebelled many times and joined in, endangering Chaozhou people. Wen Tianxiang beat away Chen Yi, caught Liu Xing and killed him. In December, Zou went to Nanling? Liu Zijun came from Jiangxi to attack Chen Yi's henchmen again. Chen Yi secretly guided Marshal Zhang Hongfan's army to Chaoyang. Wen Tianxiang was eating at Wupo Ridge when suddenly Zhang Hongfan's army came. They couldn't resist it, so they all bowed their heads and hid in the grass. Wen Tianxiang hurriedly ran, and Wei Yi, the king of kings, came forward to catch him. Wen Tianxiang swallowed borneol, but he didn't die. Zou Sa committed suicide, and everyone helped him into Nanling and died. When the subordinate officers and men escaped from the empty pit, Liu Zijun, Chen, Lu Mingzhe and Xiao Zi died, and Du Hu was arrested and died of grief. Only after escaping from Luanhe River, Zhang Tang, Xiong Gua, Wu and Chen Ziquan were captured alive and all died. Zhang Lu is a descendant of Guanghan Zhang Wei.

Wen Tianxiang went to Chaoyang to see Zhang Hongfan and ordered him to bow down or not. Zhang Hongfan received him with courtesy, followed him into Lishan and asked him to write and invite Zhang Shijie. Wen Tiancuo said: "I can't defend my parents, but I teach people to betray their parents." Is it possible? " Or insist on asking him for a surrender book, and then write the poem "Guo Yang" for them. The last sentence of the poem says: "No one has died since ancient times. Take the heart of Dan and follow the history of history." Zhang Hongfan smiled and let him go. When Mount Li fell, there was a big banquet in the army. Zhang Hongfan said, "The country is dead, and the loyalty and filial piety of the Prime Minister have been exhausted. If you can change your mind and serve our emperor with the attitude of serving the Song Dynasty, you may still be the prime minister. " Wen Tianxiang wept bitterly and said, "The national subjugation is hopeless. Death as a courtier is not just a crime. Do you dare to drag out an ignoble existence and have second thoughts? " Zhang Hongfan thought he was very kind and sent a special envoy to escort Wen Tianxiang to Beijing.

On the way, Wen Tianxiang fasted for eight days and had another meal before he died. When we arrived in Yan, the post office was very interesting. Wen Tianxiang stayed up until dawn. He moved to the military department and sent soldiers to protect him. At that time, Emperor Sai-jo often asked officials in the Southern Dynasties for help. Wang Jiweng said, "There was no Wen Tianxiang in the Southern Dynasties." So he sent Jude Wong Weng to announce the imperial edict. Wen Tianxiang said, "When the country dies, I will be a martyr. If released, he can return to his hometown as a civilian and serve as a consultant as a foreigner in the future. If I were to become an official at once, not only would some conquered scholars be unable to survive with them, but they would also abandon all their efforts in life. What's my use? " Wang Ji-weng wanted to unite with ten people, including Xie Changyuan, an old minister in the Song Dynasty, and asked Wen Tianxiang to be released and made a Taoist priest. Liu disagreed, saying, "Come to Jiangnan after Wen Tianxiang leaves home. Where will we put these ten people? " Things will be forgotten. Wen Tianxiang has been in Yan for three years. Knowing that Wen Tianxiang would never give in, the emperor discussed with the Prime Minister to release him. It was suggested that Wen Tianxiang should be raised in Jiangxi, but it was not released.

In the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty, a Fujian monk said that Saturn had invaded Cepheus, and his suspicion changed. Not long after, there was a madman in Zhongshan who claimed to be the "Lord of the Song Dynasty" and took 1000 soldiers to save Emperor Huiwen. There is also an anonymous letter in Beijing saying that one day the reeds outside the city will be burned and the soldiers on both sides will revolt, so the Prime Minister need not worry. At that time, the robbers had just killed the left prime minister, A Jinma, ordered the reeds to be uprooted at the gates, and moved the Duke Ying and the Song imperial clan to Kaiping, suspecting that the so-called prime minister was Wen Tianxiang. Calling into the palace, he told him, "What else do you want?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "How can Wen Tianxiang serve the two countries when Song Enen became prime minister? I hope that giving me a death is enough. " But I still can't bear to wave him down at once. The admonition officer agreed very much, agreed to Wen Tianxiang's request and listened to them. Later, Shao stopped them, and Wen Tianxiang was dead. When Wen Tianxiang was executed, he was very calm and said to the official, "My business is over." Say goodbye to the south and die. A few days later, his wife Ouyang Shi received his body, which looked lifelike at the age of 47. There is a compliment in his belt: "Confucius said benevolence, Mencius said righteousness, and only by taking righteousness can we get benevolence." What's the use of reading sage books and studying? From now on, you can have a clear conscience. "

On Japan: Since ancient times, people with lofty ideals have always wanted to be more righteous than the world, and their determination has not been shaken by success, failure and smooth setbacks. The reason why a gentleman calls it "benevolence" is because it conforms to heaven, that is, the peace of the people. When the Shang Dynasty declined, the Zhou Dynasty took its place. There were 800 governors who came to meet Jin Meng's army, but they didn't agree. Boyi and Shu Qi stopped two people just because they wanted to pull the horse, even a three-foot child knew that was impossible. Later, Confucius thought that they were virtuous, and said, "Seek benevolence and be benevolent." Song Dynasty went to Deyou to subjugate the country, and Wen Tianxiang ran back and forth in the army. At first, he tried to persuade the preservation of the Song Dynasty with his lips, but failed. He escorted two weak princes around Linghai to seek revival and was defeated and captured. My ancestors, because of his magnanimity, not only thought he was upright and noble, but also cherished his talents. I kept him for several years, just like a tiger in a cage. I tried my best to tame him and finally failed. Seeing him die peacefully is because he has a more important pursuit than survival. Can he not be called "Ren"? In the Song Dynasty for more than 300 years, nothing was more splendid than Jinshi, and nothing was more glorious than winning the top prize in the examination. Since the death of Wen Tianxiang, people who like to comment on things in the world think that the imperial examination is not enough to be a great man. Is that so?