Geography of Brazil

Brazil lies in the east of South America. It covers an area of 8547403 square kilometers. The population is 654.38+55.82 million (1995), and the population density is per square kilometer 18 people. The whole territory is flat, mainly plains and low plateaus. The northern Amazon plain accounts for 1/3 of the land area. The Brazilian plateau in the southeast fluctuates gently, with an altitude of 600-900 meters. The southwest of Paraguay basin is a lake and swamp area with low humidity. The Guiana Plateau on the northern border is steep, with Nebulun Peak at an altitude of 30 14m, the highest peak in China. Most areas have a tropical climate.

Location: Open a colorful map of the world. There is a gold map between 34 45 ˊ-73 59 ˊ west longitude, 516 ˊ north latitude and 33 45 ˊ south latitude. It starts from the equatorial Amazon rainforest in the north, reaches the beautiful and rich Parana Plain in the south, borders the Atlantic Ocean in the east and Paraguay in the west. This is the Brazilian Federation known as the "South American Giant".

Brazil is the largest country in Latin America, with a total border of over 23,000 kilometers. In addition to Chile and Ecuador, Brazil borders other countries and regions in South America. It borders French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela and Colombia in the north, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay in the south and Peru and Bolivia in the west. The Atlantic coastline is more than 7,000 kilometers long, and endless beaches, bright sunshine and blue sea water attract tens of thousands of tourists every year.

Although Brazil has a vast territory, there are no large deserts common in large countries, and there is no permafrost covered with ice and snow all the year round. Nature endows Brazil with dense virgin forests, vast expanse with natural pastures and rich underground treasures.

The topography of Brazil is 4320 kilometers from north to south and 4328 kilometers from east to west. The most striking feature of the terrain is that there are many plateaus, accounting for about 59% of the country's land area, but the height is low, and the part exceeding the altitude of 1200m only accounts for 0.5% of the country's land area. The second feature is that there are many good ports and few islands. Santos, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre are the busiest ports in Brazil. Fernando de Noronha, off the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, is the largest archipelago in Brazil, and Marajo Island at the mouth of the Amazon River is the largest island in Brazil. Topographically, Brazil can be divided into five parts from north to south:

Northern Guyana Plateau. The southern margin is roughly parallel to the equator, accounting for 2% of the total land area. It is the watershed between the Amazon River and the Orinoco River, and its average height exceeds that of the Brazilian Plateau. Nebulinfeng (3014m above sea level) is the highest mountain in Brazil.

Amazon alluvial plain. Located between Guyana Plateau and Brazil Plateau, it is triangular from east to west, accounting for more than 1/3 of the total land area. The surface is slightly undulating, and most areas are below 300 meters above sea level.

The Brazilian Plateau, also known as the Central Plateau, extends from northeast to southwest, accounting for about half of the national territory. The famous Mare Mountains and Manticala Mountains are located on the eastern edge of the plateau, parallel to the coast. Among them, Bandera Peak (2890 meters above sea level) in Mare Mountains is the third highest peak in Brazil. Paraguay River lowlands. Located in the southwest of the Brazilian Plateau, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, also known as the Panal Plain, are part of the Grand Chaco Plain, which is a swamp.

The coastal plain from Belem, a coastal city in northern Brazil, to Porto Alegre in southern Brazil is flat and fertile, with a width ranging from several kilometers to hundreds of kilometers. The economy here is developed and it is one of the most densely populated areas in Brazil.

Tropical climate Most of Brazil's land lies between the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, and only one-fifth of the country lies south of the Tropic of Capricorn, so Brazil's climate is dominated by tropical climate. According to the climatic characteristics, Brazil can be divided into five climatic zones: humid equatorial zone, humid tropical zone, semi-humid tropical zone, semi-arid tropical zone and humid subtropical zone. The average temperature rises slowly from south to north. However, although the Amazon basin is located in the equatorial belt, the temperature is not as high as people think, with the average temperature not exceeding 27℃ and the highest temperature not exceeding 36℃. The average temperature in plateau cities such as Brasilia and Sao Paulo is only 19℃, and the climate is pleasant. The average temperature in the south subtropical region is 16℃-20℃, and in some places with high terrain, the average temperature is only 10℃, and sometimes it snows in winter. However, the humidity in all parts of Brazil is quite high, especially in coastal areas. The annual rainfall is different in different areas. The maximum annual rainfall in humid equatorial Amazon region is1500mm-2500mm. Only August-10 is the rainy season. The humid tropical areas are mainly the coastal areas from Rio Grande do Norte to the north of Sao Paulo, where it is rainy in summer and rainy in winter. Most parts of Brazil, from minas gerais, the inland of Sao Paulo, mato grosso do sul and southern Mato Grosso, to the inland of Bahia, Maranh? o and Ceara, have a semi-humid tropical climate, which is divided into dry season and rainy season every year, with an annual rainfall of 65,438+500mm. The semi-arid tropics are located in the northeast of Brazil, and the annual rainfall is generally lower than 1000mm, mostly concentrated in a period of time, and there is no rain for most of the year. Brazil is located in the south of the Tropic of Capricorn, with a humid subtropical climate, with annual rainfall exceeding1500mm. The seasons in Brazil and China are just opposite. September 22nd to 65438+February 2nd1is spring, February 22nd to March 22nd is summer, March 22nd to June 28th is autumn, and June 22nd to September 28th is autumn.

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