What important role does the forest play in transforming nature and protecting the environment?

(1) Forests have the function of regulating climate. The climate in the forest area is mild, cool in summer and warm in winter, cool in day and warm in night; At the same time, the canopy can intercept 10%~30% precipitation, and increase atmospheric humidity through transpiration from leaves to the atmosphere. Generally speaking, the wind speed can be reduced by 40%~50% on the windward side of the forest belt, within the range of 1~3 times the tree height, and within the range of 15~20 times the tree height on the leeward side of the forest belt, so the forest can reduce the wind speed. Forests increase atmospheric humidity, cloud cover and rainfall, thus alleviating daily and annual temperature changes.

(2) Forests can conserve water and soil, conserve water sources, facilitate groundwater infiltration, and transform unstable surface runoff into stable groundwater runoff.

(3) Reduce the noise impact of vehicles and trains on roads and railways on residents; Adjust the climate of residential areas and beautify the living environment; Purify the air pollution of chemical plants and prevent its pollution from affecting the lives of residents; Maintain soil and water and prevent soil erosion.

Once the forest is destroyed, it will cause the following problems: ① soil erosion is aggravated, flood and drought disasters are increased, and river sediment concentration is increased; (2) The climate is deteriorating, the daily and annual changes of temperature are increasing, and sandstorms are prevalent; ③ The ecological balance is unbalanced, the animal and plant resources are destroyed, and the food chain in the ecosystem is interrupted, resulting in a series of chain reactions.