The origin of Han nationality

From about 5000 BC, the Huaxia nationality, the main body of the Han nationality, originated in the Yellow River valley and began to develop gradually. It entered the Neolithic Age and went through the stages of matriarchal clan commune and paternal clan commune. In 2700 BC, there was a tribe named Ji in central Shaanxi, with the leader of Huangdi and the leader of a tribe named Jiang in the south. The two sides often clashed. The battle of Hanquan finally broke out between the two tribes. The Yellow Emperor defeated Yan Di, and then.

According to the legend recorded in the pre-Qin literature, the ancestors of the Han nationality lived in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The ancestors of the Han nationality generally lived in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, starting from Longshan in the west and Taishan in the east. Yangshao culture and Longshan culture are two Neolithic cultures mainly distributed in this area, which are generally considered as the cultural remains of Han ancestors.

Ancient legends also describe that Han ancestors experienced a long era of primitive commune system. Before the Yellow Emperor, there was a matriarchal clan tribe that "Anemarrhena denied his father" (see matriarchal clan system); The legend about the Yellow Emperor marks the change from matriarchal clan tribe to paternal clan tribe (see paternal clan system) and enters the stage of tribal alliance. Legend has it that Yao, Shun and Yu, who successively served as the leaders of the big tribal alliance after the Yellow Emperor, are considered to be descendants of the Yellow Emperor.

In 2 1 century BC, the primitive commune system in the Central Plains came to the end of history, and a class society appeared on the land in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. After the 20th century BC, Xia (about 2 1 century BC ~ 65438+6th century BC), Shang (about 65438+6th century BC ~1century BC) and Western Zhou (about 165438+ 65438 BC) Then it developed to the vast areas of Huaihe River, Surabaya, Yangtze River and Hanshui River. There were clan names in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which were called Huaxia, Xia or Huaxia, to distinguish them from barbarians, Yi, Rong and Di. But at this time, the distinction between China and foreigners is not very strict.

During the Spring and Autumn Period (770 ~ 476 BC), China people's concept of nobility and inferiority was already very strong. At that time, the standards, race and culture that distinguished China from barbarians were highly valued, and culture was especially the primary factor. Due to etiquette, customs, clothing and other factors, China people and foreigners can often switch places with each other. Qin and Chu are not only as famous as Qi, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, but also the two most powerful governors in China. The seven chivalrous men joined forces with Lian Heng to fight together, but the ethnic groups were the same, forming the trend of summer reunification; So Huaxia has become a stable ethnic group, and its distribution area has reached the middle and lower reaches of Liaohe River in Northeast China, Taohe River Basin in Northwest China, Bashu and central Guizhou in Southwest China, Hunan and wuyue in Southeast China.

Qin Shihuang unified China and established the Qin Dynasty, followed by the Han Dynasty, which ruled China for more than 400 years. During this period, the territory of China expanded unprecedentedly. At this time, the distribution of Han population is still concentrated in the Yellow River and Huaihe River basins. Since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Han population has gradually migrated to the Yangtze River, the Pearl River and the southeast of China on a large scale. From the Western Jin Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, the Han population entered Central Asia and Yunnan. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the population of the Han nationality in the south had surpassed that in the north, and Manchu prohibited the Han nationality from going out to the northeast. In the late Qing Dynasty, in order to enrich the frontier, Han people were allowed to enter the northeast of China. During Zhang's rule in Northeast China, a large number of Shandong Han people were introduced. From the Ming Dynasty, the Han nationality began to immigrate to Southeast Asia sporadically, and from the19th century, the Han nationality immigrated to Europe, North America and other places.

Lang.

The language of the Han nationality is Chinese, which is written in Chinese characters. Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family. According to the classification methods commonly used in academic circles, it can be divided into seven dialects: Northern Dialect (Mandarin), Wu Dialect, Xiang Dialect, Gan Dialect, Hakka Dialect, Min Dialect and Cantonese (see Chinese Dialect Entry for many different classification methods). In recent years, many scholars believe that Guangxi Pinghua and Shanxi Jin dialect should be juxtaposed with the other seven dialects. In different areas where Han people live, the provisions of standard Chinese are different. Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province Province and Singapore are regarded as standard Putonghua (languages developed on the basis of Beijing dialect in Putonghua areas are called Putonghua, Mandarin and Mandarin respectively due to different locations), and Hong Kong is regarded as standard Cantonese (Cantonese). Chinese characters are written in traditional Chinese characters and simplified Chinese characters respectively.

In addition, some scholars divide Fujian dialect into Minnan dialect and northern Fujian dialect. These dialects have their own distribution areas, and the interior of each dialect can be subdivided, thus forming a complex language state of Chinese dialects, and the north and the south are not connected with each other. Nevertheless, due to the high unity of Chinese characters, it has a strong cohesive effect on the Han nationality, so it seems no exaggeration to say that there would be no Han nationality without Chinese characters.

Han people have traditionally believed in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and have much respect for Taoism and Buddhism on the social basis of Confucian culture! Unfortunately, under the impact of western culture in modern times, people's utilitarian thoughts have gradually occupied the mainstream form, while China's traditional culture and religion have gradually declined, and many people believe in western religions such as Christianity and Catholicism.

Due to the vast distribution area of Han nationality, its traditional folk houses have different styles due to different regions. Most of the traditional houses of the Han nationality living in the North China Plain are brick-and-wood bungalows, and most of the courtyards are quadrangles, represented by Beijing quadrangles. The traditional houses of the Han nationality living in the northeast are basically similar to those in North China, but the difference lies in the walls and roofs. The houses here are generally thick, mainly to keep warm. Han people living in northern Shaanxi dig caves to build houses according to the characteristics of thick soil layer and low groundwater level in the Loess Plateau. Caves are not only warm in winter and cool in summer, but also do not occupy cultivated land. The traditional houses of the Han nationality living in the south are mainly wooden structures, which pay attention to the eaves and pavilions and the structure of law. Due to the different customs and natural conditions in southern China, the layout of residential buildings is also different. For example, buildings in hilly areas are built on mountains, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang water towns pay attention to the front street and the back river. The earth buildings in Fujian are big and beautiful, while the pavilions in Suzhou are small and beautiful.

Regardless of the Han nationality in the south or the north, the traditional folk houses are characterized by sitting north facing south and paying attention to indoor lighting; Wood beam bearing, brick, stone, soil wall; Focusing on the main hall, he is good at carving beams and painting buildings, decorating roofs and cornices.

Culture and art

The Han nationality created splendid culture and art in ancient times with distinctive features. No matter in politics, military, philosophy, economy, history, natural science, literature, art and other fields, there are many far-reaching representatives and works. The Western Zhou Dynasty formed a perfect cultural achievement, that is, the culture of rites and music. The etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty is very complicated. According to "Zhou Li", there are five rites: Ji Li, Fierce Li, Wu Li, Bin Li and Etiquette. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, music was attached great importance, and there were special officials to manage it, and there were also music officials in the inscription. Da Wu and Zhou Dynasty Music and Dance were written by Zhou Wuwang Shang Ke. The education system in the Zhou Dynasty is relatively perfect, with six arts: ritual, music, shooting, imperial, skill and skill. The earliest classics in China are Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shijing, Zhou Li, Jing Yue (lost) and Shu.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a lively situation in which a hundred schools of thought contended, and the achievements of various ideological and academic schools also reflected the ancient Greek civilization. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (reigned before 14 1 ~ 87), the policy of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" was implemented, so Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius became the ruling ideology, ruling the ancient ideology and culture of the Han nationality for nearly 2000 years. At the same time, it also affected other ethnic minorities in China and even neighboring countries to varying degrees. In terms of ancient military theory, as early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the famous military work Sun Tzu's Art of War was published. The 182 art of war compiled in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, especially the Seven Books of the Martial Classics, has been a must-read for martial arts since the Song Dynasty, concentrating the essence of ancient military works. Paying attention to history is also a prominent feature of Chinese cultural history. Since Sima Qian wrote Historical Records, biographical history books have been published in all dynasties, and the famous twenty-four histories have been formed in Qing Dynasty. The chronological style is represented by Chunqiu, Zuozhuan and Zitongzhi Bamboo Slips. Other official and folk works, such as history books, ancient history, miscellaneous history, local chronicles, historical theory, make China the country with the richest ancient historical documents in the world, most of which are written by Han scholars. In the natural sciences, achievements in astronomy and mathematics have attracted worldwide attention, such as Zhang Heng (78 ~ 139), Zu Chongzhi (429 ~ 500), Yi Hang (commonly known as 683 ~ 727) and Guo Shoujing (123 1 ~ 65438). Ancient agriculture often includes many ancient scientific and technological achievements. According to incomplete statistics, over the past 2000 years, there have been more than 370 kinds of agricultural books that have been lost to this day, among which The Book of Bi Sheng, The Skill of Yao in Qi Min, The Book of Wang Zhennong and The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration are the representative works of ancient agriculture.

In the development of China's ancient literature, the development of poetry occupies a prominent position, such as The Book of Songs, Songs of the South, Yuefu, Tang Poetry and Song Poetry, and many writers and works with high artistic achievements have emerged. Qu Yuan (about 340 ~ 278 BC), Li Bai (70 1 ~ 762), Du Fu (7 12 ~ 770), Liu Yong (about 987 ~ about 1053 BC) and Su Shi (/kloc-0). The name and works of Xin Qiji (1 140 ~ 1207) not only shine brilliantly in the history of China literature, but also are recognized as famous writers in the history of world literature. There were famous ancient prose in Qin and Han Dynasties. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Han Yu (768 ~ 824) and Liu Zongyuan (773 ~ 8 19) advocated the restoration of the ancient prose movement in Qin and Han Dynasties. To Ouyang Xiu (1007 ~ 1072), Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and Ceng Gong (10/9 ~1066). Novel creation made great progress in Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West, The Water Margin and The Scholars. Short stories like Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio are well known. There are also many ethnic minority writers who have written in Chinese, resulting in many famous writers and masterpieces, among which Dream of Red Mansions is the most outstanding one. There are many other famous artists in painting, calligraphy, arts and crafts, music, dance, drama and folk art, and they have made amazing artistic achievements. In the development of these arts, especially the Han people are good at learning and absorbing the strengths of other nationalities, thus developing their own art and forming a unique style. It has a long history in the compilation of some books and masterpieces. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were Bei Tang Shuchao, Lei Ju, Tai Yu Pinglan and Yuan Gui. In particular, Yongle Dadian and Book Collection in Ming and Qing Dynasties are world-famous ancient encyclopedias, which not only show the brilliant achievements of China ancient culture with Chinese culture as the main body, but also show the spirit of cooperation and mutual learning between ancient Han scholars and minority scholars.

Han music

Han nationality has a musical tradition, and its music has a long history and unique creation. Before the Qin Dynasty, Han ancestors had created musical instruments and music, and invented musical rules. In the prosperous time of Han and Tang dynasties, Han music was good at singing and dancing; After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, opera music dominated. Nowadays, the world-recognized music rules, such as the five-degree law (which the Han people call the profit-loss dichotomy), the pure law and the average law, are all independently invented by the Han people, and their achievements, like the convergence of cars, have become the axis of world music theory. ?

Han music

eating habits

theme

The staple food of Han nationality is rice and wheat, supplemented by vegetables, meat and bean products. Tea and wine are traditional drinks of the Han nationality. The main way to eat rice is rice, as well as porridge, rice noodles, rice cakes, glutinous rice balls, zongzi, rice cakes and other foods. Wheat is eaten with steamed bread, noodles, flower rolls, steamed stuffed buns, jiaozi, wonton, fried dough sticks, spring rolls, fried cakes and pancakes. Han people pay attention to and are good at cooking. Han people in different regions have formed different local flavors through cooking methods such as frying, roasting, frying, boiling, steaming, roasting and cold salad. Chinese cuisine is generally divided into eight major cuisines: Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Anhui, Shandong, Hunan, Zhejiang and Jiangsu.

tea

Wine and tea are two main drinks of Han nationality. China is the hometown of tea, and China is one of the first countries in the world to invent brewing technology. Wine culture and tea culture have a long history in China. For thousands of years, they have become an indispensable part of the Han people's dietary customs and have had a wide influence in the world.

It is said that Han people began to drink tea in Shennong era, with a history of at least 4,700 years. Until now, Han compatriots in China still have the custom of replacing wine with tea. Han people have various methods of making tea: smoked bean tea in Taihu Lake, scented tea in Suzhou, ginger tea in Hunan, Gaiwan tea in Chengdu, frozen top tea in Taiwan Province Province, Longjing tea in Hangzhou, oolong tea in Fujian and so on.

The basic diet structure of Han nationality is based on food crops and various animal foods and vegetables as non-staple foods. This is in sharp contrast with the diet structure of ethnic groups in western China, Tibetans and Mongolians. In addition, the habit of eating three meals a day has been formed in the long-term national development. The collocation of staple food, dishes and drinks in three meals a day not only has certain similarity, but also forms a series of specific characteristics due to different geographical and climatic environment, economic development level, production and living conditions and other reasons.

China is the hometown of tea. Tea making and drinking have a history of thousands of years, and there are many famous products. The main varieties are green tea, black tea, oolong tea, scented tea, white tea and yellow tea. Chinese tea art enjoys a high reputation in the world. The Tang Dynasty was introduced to Japan, and the Japanese tea ceremony was formed.

Han people pay attention to the word "quality" when drinking tea. When the guests come, the etiquette of making tea and offering tea is essential. When guests come to visit, you can argue and choose the best tea set that best suits the taste of the guests. When offering tea to guests, it is also necessary to mix tea properly. When drinking tea with guests, the host should pay attention to the tea residue in the guest's cup and pot. Generally speaking, tea is brewed in a teacup. If you have already drunk half of it, you should add boiling water to make the concentration of tea basically the same and the water temperature appropriate. When drinking tea, it can also be properly accompanied by tea, candy, dishes and so on. To achieve the effect of regulating taste and snacks.

Tea culture is very important in the life of the Han nationality. Tea has always been used as a tribute to the king of Wu. In the late primitive commune, tea became a commodity exchange. During the Warring States period, tea had a certain scale. Tea was recorded in the Book of Songs in the pre-Qin period. For another example, in the Han Dynasty, tea became a special tonic for Buddhist meditation. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was an atmosphere of drinking tea. During the Sui Dynasty, the whole people generally drank tea. In the Tang Dynasty, the tea industry flourished, and tea became "indispensable to others". Teahouses, tea banquets and tea parties appeared one after another to encourage guests to worship tea. In Song Dynasty, fighting tea, tribute tea and gift tea were popular.

It is said that Han people began to drink tea in Shennong era, with a history of at least 4,700 years. Until now, Han compatriots in China still have the custom of replacing wine with tea. Han people have various methods of making tea: smoked bean tea in Taihu Lake, scented tea in Suzhou, ginger tea in Hunan, Gaiwan tea in Chengdu, frozen top tea in Taiwan Province Province, Longjing tea in Hangzhou, oolong tea in Fujian and so on.

The basic diet structure of Han nationality is based on food crops and various animal foods and vegetables as non-staple foods. This is in sharp contrast with the diet structure of ethnic groups in western China, Tibetans and Mongolians. In addition, the habit of eating three meals a day has been formed in the long-term national development. The collocation of staple food, dishes and drinks in three meals a day not only has certain similarity, but also forms a series of specific characteristics due to different geographical and climatic environment, economic development level, production and living conditions and other reasons.

wine

Rice wine, also known as fermented grains and sweet wine. In the old society, it was called "Yi". Brewed with glutinous rice, it is a traditional specialty wine of Han nationality.

Wine is not only a drink that can meet the physiological needs of refreshing, relieving fatigue and medical treatment, but also an important cultural medium, which plays an important role in the long-term diet culture of the Han nationality. In feudal society, it is an indispensable and important offering for offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, and it plays a media role in this ceremony. In the important festivals of the Han nationality, wine is an indispensable necessity. There is a saying in the Han nationality that no table can be served without wine. Wine can add fun and increase the atmosphere of joy. Up to now, activities such as "guessing boxing", "drinking wine" and "qu" are very popular in many areas, which are not only a drinking custom, but also a kind of national entertainment and folk wisdom. They have many functions, such as activating the atmosphere, eliminating the power of alcohol, showing and exercising intelligence. Some drinking activities have formed unique cultural customs, such as drinking Tu Su wine on New Year's Eve, drinking realgar wine on Dragon Boat Festival and drinking chrysanthemum wine on Double Ninth Festival, which are widely circulated among the Han people and are still praised by people today. Wine is a medium for Han people to convey their feelings and strengthen their ties in daily life and various social activities. In many areas of the Han nationality, girls should drink the wine of other relatives before they get married and leave, and the bride and groom should toast when they enter the bridal chamber. All these drinking customs are an integral part of Han people's past and present dietary habits.

Holiday food

Festival food is rich and colorful. It often skillfully combines rich nutrition, pleasing artistic forms and profound cultural connotations to become a typical festival food culture. It can be roughly divided into three categories:

One is as a sacrifice. In ancient times, it occupied an important position in special ceremonies such as sacrifices and celebrations of courts, officials, clans and families. In most areas of contemporary Han nationality, this phenomenon has long since ended, and only in a few remote areas or on certain occasions, there are still some symbolic activities left.

The second is the specific food that people eat in festivals. This is the mainstream of holiday food and eating customs. For example, on New Year's Eve, every household in the north has the habit of wrapping jiaozi, while the custom of playing and eating rice cakes prevails in all parts of the south of the Yangtze River. In addition, fish is often indispensable in Chinese New Year family banquets in many areas of Han nationality, symbolizing "more than one year". The custom of eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival has been circulating for thousands of years. Moon cakes in Mid-Autumn Festival contain blessings for family reunion and human harmony. Others, such as spring cakes and spring rolls eaten in early spring, Yuanxiao on the fifteenth day of the first month, Laba porridge and cold food at the Cold Food Festival on the eighth day of the twelfth month, eating pig's head, eating broad beans and tasting new grains on the second day of the twelfth month, toasting at wedding celebrations, and birthday peaches, peaches and cakes at birthday banquets, are all special food and eating customs with special connotations.

Beliefs and taboos in diet

Most Han people avoid eating raw food on the first day, second day and third day of the first month, that is, they cook more food on the first day of the New Year than before the old year, and only need to return to the pot for three days. I think it's ripe and smooth, but my life is reverse. Therefore, in some places, everything is ready before the Spring Festival, and there is a saying that the knife can't be cut for three days. For another example, in some areas of Henan, the third day of the first month is Xiaomi's birthday, and rice is not eaten on this day, otherwise it will lead to millet production reduction; In the past, women had many dietary taboos during childbirth. For example, women in many areas of the Han nationality do not eat rabbit meat during pregnancy, and think that children who eat rabbit meat will have rabbit lips; In other places, it is forbidden to eat fresh ginger, because fresh ginger has many fingers, so as to prevent children from growing six fingers on their hands and feet. In the past, most childless women of Han nationality avoided eating dog meat, thinking that it was unclean and easy to cause dystocia.

Han nationality clothes

Han people have their own long and colorful costumes, namely Hanfu.

Hanfu is one of the oldest national costumes in the world, which lasted from the legendary Yellow Emperor to the Shen Jia era (1644). 1644 After the Qing army entered the customs, a highly centralized government with Manchu as the core was established. The Manchu rulers ordered the whole country to shave and change clothes, which caused national anger, dissatisfaction and armed resistance. Then the Manchu dynasty carried out bloody repression and armed slaughter, and Hanfu gradually died out.

1683, the Qing army entered Taiwan Province province and destroyed the rest of Zheng Chenggong. Since then, Hanfu has completely disappeared from the daily life of the Chinese nation. After more than 200 years of Manchu rule, today's Han people have gradually forgotten the gorgeous costumes they once had and become the only ancient nation in the world without their own national costumes. The "Tang suit", cheongsam, gown and mandarin jacket that people see today are not the national costumes of the Han nationality, but the national costumes or improvements of the Manchu nationality. It is gratifying that today, more and more Han people are proudly wearing their beautiful clothes. This spontaneous folk movement to revive Han costumes is often called "Hanfu Movement".

National totem

Yi Long is composed of a phoenix, which means yin and yang, that is, men and women. Because of the large population of Han nationality, which occupied most of the historical development of China, it continued the oldest animal dragon in China as a symbol of its own nation. Dragon and Phoenix Dance is a national symbol in the Central Plains and South China.

The dragon is a symbol of the Chinese nation, and China people are proud to be descendants of the dragon. So do you know where the "descendants of the dragon" came from?

Mr Wen Yiduo pointed out in his three works, Fuxi Kao, Longfeng Kao and Dragon Boat Festival Kao, that China people were called "descendants of dragons" from the legends of the Yellow Emperor era. According to legend, before the Yellow Emperor unified the Central Plains, the symbol pattern was "Bear". After the defeat of Chiyou and the unification of the Central Plains, its logo adopted and integrated the iconic patterns of other clans and tribes that were annexed. Such as bird, horse, deer, snake, ox, fish and so on. Finally, it is spelled into the image of "dragon" worshipped by the Chinese nation, a virtual comprehensive god. This peculiar image contains the development of the Chinese nation, the mutual integration and unity of all ethnic groups, and has become the symbol pattern of the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Later, the image of "dragon" began to appear in various patterns and gradually became a symbol of the emperor. According to legend, born in a woman named Deng, she can feel the "dragon" in the sky. Emperor Huang was born with the feeling of "Beidou" and "Red Dragon", and his ancestors were descendants of dragons. Therefore, the descendants of the Chinese nation are "descendants of the dragon".

Dragon spirit: it is a spiritual realm that all things are compatible;

It is a life attitude of pursuing harmony and group standard;

This is the complex of China's unification.

Moral of Phoenix: Phoenix seeks light from nirvana, symbolizing rebirth and the awakening of the Chinese nation;

Phoenix is a sense of hardship that combines people's sense of responsibility and historical mission;

Phoenix is an idealism of self-improvement and self-sacrifice;

Phoenix is an industrious, thrifty and hard-working attitude to make a living.

Cultural practices

The culture of Han nationality is rich and colorful. In the historical process of its formation and development, it is open and eclectic, forming regional cultures with different characteristics, such as Qilu, Zhongyuan, Zhao Yan, Guanzhong, Bashu, Jingchu, wuyue, Lingnan, Yunnan-Guizhou, Fujian-Taiwan, Songliao and Gan Hui, which embodies the diversity and diversity of Chinese culture.

Since ancient times, the Han people have adopted an inclusive attitude towards various religious beliefs. Lotte know life (self-determination, self-seeking) and respect for ancestors (no ancestor worship) are the main traditional concepts of the Han nationality. Historically, some Han people believed in Taoism and Buddhism; Later, Catholicism and Christianity were introduced to China, and some people began to believe in these religions. For thousands of years, Confucianism, which focuses on benevolence and attaches importance to ethical education, has had a far-reaching impact on the Han nationality.

traditional festival

Description of the name and date of the festival

New Year's Eve/Spring Festival The first day of the first lunar month is usually called China New Year. Traditionally, it lasts from New Year's Eve at the end of the year and the first day of the first month to the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month. )

On April 5th in the Gregorian calendar, Tomb-Sweeping Day worships ancestors and sweeps graves.

The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Duanyang Festival, is on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, with the theme of eating zongzi.

In China, Valentine's Day falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, and it is also called Qiaoqiao Festival. On that day, women worship the Weaver Girl in order to be creative and marry the right man. Men worship Kuixing in order to be nominated for the gold medal and have a successful career.

The Mid-Autumn Festival on July 15th of the lunar calendar, also known as Magnolia Festival, is commonly known as July 30th, Ghost Festival, and there are folk customs such as offering sacrifices to souls.

Mid-Autumn Festival: A family reunion festival on August 15 of the lunar calendar, with the theme of enjoying the moon and eating moon cakes.

Double Ninth Festival, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month.

Drink Laba porridge on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month.

Twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month.

Western calendar comparison table of traditional festivals of Han nationality

December of the lunar calendar

-

Day 7: Exorcism Day

Day 8: Laba Festival

Sixteen: coccyx segment

Establish the Spring Festival (in spring)

Twenty-three: Day of Sacrificing Kitchen (off-year)

New Year's Eve: On New Year's Eve, there is a custom of family reunion to have a reunion dinner and drink to celebrate New Year's Eve. In many areas, fish dishes are arranged at family banquets, which means "there are fish every year".

Every household in the northern region should pack jiaozi, and it is popular to play and eat rice cakes all over the south of the Yangtze River, which respectively represent the reunion of Ankang and an outing in the mountains.

● The first month

-

Day 1: Spring Festival (January Day, New Year's Day, Jacky, Chen Yuan, Yuanshuo, Zheng Dan, Zhengshuo)

Day 7: People's Day

Day 8: Valley Day

Day 9: Sunshine Festival

Day 10: Earth Day Festival

Fifteen: Lantern Festival (Shangyuan Festival, Lantern Festival)

Twenty: Tianchuan Festival

Twenty-five: Filling Section

Vernal equinox festival (at vernal equinox)

A Dark Day: No.

● February

-

Day 1: Zhonghe Festival (Sun's birthday)

The second day: Spring Dragon Festival (Dragon Head Up, Dragon Head Festival, Social Day)

Fifteen: Flower Festival (Flower Festival, the birthday of the flower god)

Cold Food Festival (from winter to the future 105, one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day)

Tomb-Sweeping Day (Qingming)

Nineteen: Guanyin's birthday

● March

-

Grade 3: Shangsi Festival (Daughter's Day)

● April

-

Long summer festival (summer)

Day 8: Bathing Buddha Festival (Sakyamuni's birthday)

Eighteen: Yuan Jun Festival in Bi Xia

● May

-

Day 5: Dragon Boat Festival (Duanjie, Dragon Boat Festival, Duanyang, Noon, General Festival and Midday)

Summer season (tidal festival, on summer day)

Thirteen: Rain Festival (Guan Gong Sharpening Day)

Twenty: Dragon Section

● June

-

Day 6: 10th Festival (June 6th, Sun Bug Festival, King Bug Festival, Mother's Day).

Nineteen: Guanyin Club

24: Lotus Watching Festival (Lotus Birthday)

● July

-

Day 7: China Valentine's Day (Beggar's Day)

Fourteen: autumn pull

Mid-Autumn Festival (Bonin Festival, Ghost Festival and Gua Festival)

Twenty-nine: Burial Festival

● August

-

The first day: the ninth day (celestial pole day)

Fifteen: Mid-Autumn Festival

● September

-

Day 9: Double Ninth Festival

Nineteen: Guanyin Club

● 10 month

-

Day 1: Cold Clothes Festival (Clothing Festival, Ghost Festival)

Fifteen: Xiayuan Festival (Xiayuan Water Joint)

● 1 1 month

-

Winter solstice festival (in winter solstice)