The main meteorological disasters in Guizhou Province are

The main meteorological disasters in Guizhou Province are drought, chilling injury, hail, gale, rainstorm and flood, as well as severe rainstorm disasters (tornado, hail, thunderstorm and gale, thunderstorm, etc. ).

1, drought

The droughts in Guizhou Province mainly include spring drought, summer drought and autumn and winter drought. Among them, the highest degree and frequency of damage is spring drought, followed by summer drought, and the damage caused by autumn and winter drought is the least. Spring drought is mainly distributed in the west of Guizhou Province, including southwest Guizhou, Liupanshui and west Bijie, and the number of spring drought days is longer than 60.0 d; The light spring drought areas are mainly distributed in the east of Zunyi City, the south and east of Qiannan Prefecture, and the west of tongren city, and the average number of years of spring drought days is not higher than 40.0d d. The summer drought in Guizhou Province is mainly distributed in the east, which is just the opposite to the distribution of spring drought, mainly distributed in Qiandongnan Prefecture, tongren city and the south of Zunyi City, and the average number of years of summer drought days is higher than 60.0 d; Moderate summer drought is mainly distributed in Bijie, Guiyang and Zunyi. The light summer drought is mainly concentrated in Bijie, Anshun and the southwest of Qiannan Prefecture. The average number of dry days for many years is 30.0 ~ 40.0 days. In severe drought years, the dry season often leads to the interruption of streams and rivers, making it difficult for people and animals to drink water. According to the statistics of relevant departments, due to the lack of natural water resources in Guizhou Province, there are 3,365,438+million people in rural and urban areas and 2.32 million large livestock. In some rural areas, there is a serious water shortage.

2. Low temperature chilling injury

The chilling injury has a great influence on the agricultural development in Guizhou. For example, 199 1 The low temperature weather in late spring in Guizhou Province has the characteristics of long duration, causing 40% of crops in Zunyi area to rot to varying degrees. Freezing in rain and snow is also a common form of low temperature damage in Guizhou Province. After the cold air from the north invades Guizhou, it is easy to form rime, which is often called "freezing", which is very harmful to crops. Snowfall is a common weather phenomenon in winter in Guizhou Province. Because the temperature is relatively low when it happens, it can also affect the normal growth of crops. If snowfall occurs at the same time, it is called "snow condensation". Frost is mainly distributed in Xishui County of Guizhou Province and the south of Qiandongnan Prefecture. The average number of frost days for many years is higher than 30.0d, and the number of frost days in Weining County is as high as 89.0d d. Frost disaster weather has the greatest impact on warm crops and is one of the common agrometeorological disasters in Guizhou Province.

3. Hail and gale

Hail and gale are one of the common agrometeorological disasters in Guizhou Province. Hail mainly occurs in spring, accounting for 75% of the total hail in the whole year. Hail and windy weather in most years will affect the harvest of crops, especially the severe hail weather is more harmful to crops. Severe hail areas in Guizhou Province mainly appear in Liupanshui and Bijie City. Due to the short time of hail and gale weather, the geographical distribution presents graphic and jumping distribution, which is obviously harmful. Spring in Guizhou province is mostly the mature summer grain and the seedling stage of autumn cool crops. If there is hail weather at this stage, it will bring great losses to agricultural production. The farmland disaster area in Guizhou Province is 6000hm2 in light disaster year, 53000 ~130000 hm2 in general, and more than130000 hm2 in severe disaster year.

4. Rainstorms and floods

Different degrees of rainfall can occur in all parts of Guizhou province every month, and the precipitation is concentrated in May-September every year, when the precipitation is 70% of the annual precipitation. Heavy rains and floods often occur in Guizhou province. Due to the characteristics of high precipitation intensity and concentrated precipitation time, it is easy to cause large-scale and fragmented occurrence. Severe rainstorm and flood will cause serious damage to agricultural infrastructure and people's lives and property. Southwest Guizhou is a region with large rainstorm range and high frequency, with an average annual rainstorm days as high as 5. 1d, followed by the rainstorm-prone areas concentrated in the northeast of southwest Guizhou, which is also a rainstorm-prone area.