Farming about the Cold Dew Festival?

Cold dew is the seventeenth of the twenty-four solar terms, and it is a transition from cold to cold. At this time, the weather is dry, the temperature drops

Cold dew is the seventeenth of the twenty-four solar terms, and it is a transition from cold to cold. At this time, the weather is dry, the temperature drops gradually, and the dew on the ground is colder than when it is white dew, almost frozen into frost. So, what farming activities are there in the Cold Dew Festival? Let's get to know it together!

Cold dew, busy farming, cold dew farming customs

In the cold dew season, the weather turns cold, the temperature drops and the temperature difference between day and night increases. Wheat seedlings, autumn vegetables and other crops can accumulate more nutrients during the day with high temperature and consume less nutrients at night with low temperature, which is a very favorable period for growth. Therefore, for farmers, cold dew is an important period for autumn harvest, autumn planting and autumn management. Today's 24 solar terms will introduce you to the cold dew farming customs.

Cold dew is an important period of autumn harvest, autumn planting and autumn management. As the saying goes, "I miss the land for a while, but I miss the land for a year". The arrival of cold dew means that a lot of farming needs to be stepped up, otherwise it will affect the harvest in the coming year. Due to different regions, farming in the north and south is different.

Cold dew agriculture in northern China

The cold dew is coming, and people are busy with the finishing work of planting wheat, picking cotton and planing sweet potatoes. According to the farming experience of "planting wheat in cold dew, planting a bowl and harvesting a bucket" and "planting a day late and harvesting a stone less", planting wheat in cold dew often leads to the whole family going into battle together. There was not enough labor at home, so we partnered with several neighbors and used several sets of cymbals to step up wheat sowing and speed up the progress of wheat sowing.

After planting wheat, it is necessary to strengthen the field management of wheat. If the low temperature of cold dew, insufficient light or lack of nutrition in the field affect the tillering of wheat, it is necessary to properly topdress and water before the three-leaf stage of wheat to promote the tillering of wheat and ensure that winter wheat has enough roots to survive the winter.

If the humidity in the wheat field is too high, it is not feasible, so it is necessary to loosen the soil properly to control the growth of wheat, so as to prevent the wheat from growing too fast, failing to overwinter safely and affecting the growth in early spring. At the same time, people also do a good job of sweeping the tail of wheat sowing, such as checking and replenishing seedlings and eliminating weak seedlings of yellow seedlings.

During the cold dew season, the northern cotton-producing areas entered the last cotton picking period. Cotton is afraid of frost, so as long as it doesn't rain, cotton farmers will pick cotton before frost to prevent cotton quality from decreasing and cotton production from decreasing. In addition, sweet potato is also sensitive to frost, and it is easy to have the phenomenon of "hard heart" due to freezing, which leads to the reduction of sweet potato production, so people often finish harvesting during the cold dew period.

After the autumn harvest, except for wheat fields and cotton fields, most other farmland is idle. At this time, the temperature is above zero, and the land is not frozen, so it is easy to plow and use winter leisure to raise land. At the same time, overwintering insects and eggs buried underground can also be dried on the surface. Using the characteristics of large temperature difference between day and night and low temperature at night after cold dew, pests and their eggs can be frozen to death, thus reducing the pests and diseases of crops in the coming year.

Cold dew agriculture in southern China

Only when the southern region enters the cold dew can it be considered as entering the real autumn. At this time, it is suitable for planting cold-resistant crops such as rape; Single-season late rice is about to mature and start harvesting; Double-cropping late rice is in the filling stage, so intermittent irrigation is needed to keep the field moist.

During this period, crops are most afraid of the arrival of "cold dew wind". There is a saying in Jiangnan that "people are afraid of being old and poor, and crops are afraid of cold dew." "Cold dew wind" is a kind of cold air with low temperature, dry and strong wind, which will hinder rice filling, increase empty grains and black grains, and even appear the phenomenon of "covering the neck and ears", reduce the seed setting rate, or make rice plants grow poorly, resulting in rice yield reduction.

Before the cold dew wind comes, people can use farmyard manure to strengthen straw, strengthen field irrigation and keep high temperature in the field to protect rice from the cold dew wind. Of course, the depth of wind-resistant irrigation varies from place to place. If there is no sunshine during the day, the wind is strong or at night, the irrigation is deep; It's lighter when there is sunshine during the day, or just keep it moist. Drainage should be carried out immediately after the wind, so as to avoid the root retting of black grass, the stem softening and reducing the wind resistance.

Cold dew agricultural guide

Cold Dew

Waiting for Hongyan guests;

Second, the sparrow enters the water and becomes a clam;

Three chrysanthemums have yellow flowers.

During the cold dew, the weather is cold, and frost and other weather phenomena will appear in many areas. According to the farming custom of cold dew, the accumulated crops will be treated centrally during the cold dew period, while the people in the north are busy sowing.

Cold dew is the fifth solar term in autumn in China. In the prediction of ancient solar terms, "fighting nails is cold dew, which will condense when it is cold, hence the name". It is an important agricultural festival, so people also call it Cold Dew Festival.

In the eyes of ordinary people, dew is a sign that the weather is getting cold. The cold dew season has low temperature and large temperature difference between day and night, which is beneficial to the growth of crops such as wheat seedlings and autumn vegetables. When the temperature is high during the day, crops accumulate more nutrients, and when the temperature is low at night, crops consume less nutrients. But the Cold Dew Festival is an important period for autumn harvest, autumn planting and autumn management. As the saying goes, "People miss the land for a while, but people miss the land for a year." The arrival of cold dew means that many agricultural activities need to be stepped up, otherwise it will affect the bumper harvest next year. Due to different regions, farming in the north and south is different.

According to the cold dew farming custom in the northern region, people are busy with the finishing work of sowing wheat, picking cotton and planing sweet potatoes. According to the farming experience of "planting wheat in cold dew, planting a bowl and harvesting a bucket" and "planting a day late and harvesting a stone less", planting wheat in cold dew often leads to the whole family going into battle together. There was not enough labor at home, so I partnered with several neighbors and stepped up wheat planting with several sets of tools. After sowing in your home, sow in his home to speed up the progress of wheat sowing. Some people feel that the working hours during the day are short, so they stay up late to sow their own mu of land, strive for enough growth period for wheat, and ensure a bumper harvest next year.

After planting wheat, it is necessary to strengthen the field management of wheat. If the low temperature of cold dew, insufficient illumination in the field or lack of nutrition affect wheat tillering, it is necessary to apply fertilizer and water properly before the three-leaf stage of wheat to promote wheat tillering and ensure that winter wheat has enough roots to overwinter; If the humidity in the wheat field is too high, it is not feasible, so it is necessary to loosen the soil properly to control the growth of wheat, so as to prevent the wheat from growing too fast, failing to overwinter safely and affecting the growth in early spring. At the same time, people also do a good job of sweeping the tail of wheat sowing, such as checking and replenishing seedlings and eliminating weak seedlings of yellow seedlings.

Cotton is afraid of frost. The cold dew season in the northern cotton-producing area entered the last cotton picking period. Cold dew farming custom says: "cold dew does not pick cotton, frost can not blame the sky." . As long as it doesn't rain, cotton farmers will pick cotton before frost to prevent cotton quality from declining and cotton production from decreasing. Some people are "busy with wheat stubble in the morning and picking cotton in the afternoon", and planting wheat and picking cotton is not delayed. In addition, sweet potato is also sensitive to frost, and it is easy to have the phenomenon of "hard heart" due to freezing, which leads to the reduction of sweet potato production, so people often finish harvesting during the cold dew period.

"It's getting colder and colder in the open air in September, so don't be idle in tidying up the land." After the autumn harvest, besides sowing wheat, picking cotton and planing sweet potatoes, there is still farm work to do. Except for wheat fields and cotton fields, most other farmland is idle. At this time, the temperature is above zero, and the land is not frozen, so it is easy to plow and use winter leisure to raise land. At the same time, overwintering insects and eggs buried underground can also be dried on the surface. Using the characteristics of large temperature difference between day and night and low temperature at night after cold dew, pests and their eggs are frozen to death, thus reducing the pests and diseases of crops in the coming year. As the saying goes, "When the cold dew arrives in beginning of winter, the insects will freeze to death after the cold dew."

In the south, entering the cold dew is the real autumn. At this time, it is suitable for planting cold-resistant crops such as rape; Single-season late rice is about to mature and start harvesting; Double-cropping late rice is in the filling stage, so intermittent irrigation is needed to keep the field moist. During this period, crops are most afraid of the arrival of "cold dew wind". There is a saying in Jiangnan that "people are afraid of being old and poor, and Wobo is cold." In fact, "cold dew wind" is a kind of cold air with low temperature, dry and strong wind, which will hinder rice filling, increase empty grains and black grains, and even appear the phenomenon of "covering the neck and ears", reduce the seed setting rate, or make rice plants grow poorly, resulting in rice yield reduction. Before the cold dew wind comes, people can use farmyard manure to strengthen straw, strengthen field irrigation and keep high temperature in the field to protect rice from the cold dew wind. Of course, the depth of wind-resistant irrigation varies from place to place. If there is no sunshine during the day, the wind is strong or at night, the irrigation is deep; It's lighter when there is sunshine during the day, or just keep it moist. Drainage should be carried out immediately after the wind, so as to avoid the root retting of black grass, the stem softening and reducing the wind resistance.

Vegetable planting

After the cold dew, the autumn is crisp. Autumn is conducive to vegetable growth, and it is a favorable period for greenhouse vegetable cultivation and seedling raising in winter and spring. There are also various pests and diseases, and the following vegetables should be planted:

1. Strengthen site management

When planting leafy vegetables, melons and eggplant melons, it is necessary to strengthen field management, irrigation, drought prevention, topdressing, growth promotion, spraying pollution-free pesticides to control pests and diseases, and timely harvest and supply them to the market.

2. Cultivate soil fertility

Make good use of good weather, turn over greenhouse vegetables, bask in the sun, weather the soil, apply organic fertilizer and spray soil disinfectant to sterilize and kill insects, and improve fertility.

3. Newly-built vegetable gardens can add steel pipe greenhouses and bamboo sheds to gradually expand the planting area of vegetable protected areas.

4. Renovation and maintenance of greenhouse

If the bamboo shed used in the old vegetable area for several years is seriously damaged, it must be replaced. So as to improve the anti-freezing and heat preservation functions of vegetable greenhouses in winter and spring.

5. Vegetable seedlings in greenhouse in winter and spring and their management

Winter and spring are the seedling period of greenhouse vegetables, so it is necessary to do a good job in seed purchase, seed treatment, disinfection and seed soaking to promote germination.

6. Occurrence and control of pests and diseases

(1) Pest control of leafy vegetables. There are mainly pests such as flea beetle, Plutella xylostella, aphid and Spodoptera litura. Chinese cabbage has diseases such as dry burning heart disease, soft rot, virus disease, clubroot disease and mildew. It can be used to control Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella, and chlorpyrifos can be used to control Lepidoptera Plutella xylostella. Soft rot of Chinese cabbage is controlled by agricultural streptomycin, bactericide or gramineous plants plus decomposing agent.

(2) Prevention and control of bean diseases and insect pests in autumn. Beans mainly include leaf miner, soybean borer, coal mold, rust, Fusarium wilt and other pests and diseases, so it is necessary to do a good job in prevention and control. Cowpea uses 52.25% 1200 times of mirex to control stem borers, 50% of chlorfenapyr or abamectin to control liriomyza sativae, and 20% of lanning acetamiprid to control tobacco mites.

⑶ Control of root-knot nematodiasis and verticillium wilt. Eggplant, tomato, cucumber, celery and so on. Planting and feeding may cause root-knot nematode disease. Before transplanting, break the membrane and dig holes, and sprinkle 5% Haoniandong G or Fuwog * G*** 2-3g * * on each hole to prevent and control it.

Fruit tree agriculture

1. Citrus fruit trees

(1) The middle and late-maturing varieties should be applied with pre-harvest fertilizer in time.

(2) Late autumn buds should be smeared on middle and late maturing varieties. Extra-early-maturing varieties should be thinned in time after harvesting and short and thick branches should be cut off.

(3) Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests such as red spider, rusty wall salamander, pink salamander and fruit sucking moth in mountain orchards, and pay attention to the prevention and control of canker and anthracnose.

(4) Do a good job in harvesting early-maturing varieties and fertilizing after harvesting.

2. Myrica rubra

(1) Carry out deep ploughing and soil improvement in Myrica rubra orchard according to local conditions. Dig 30-40 cm deep, and combine with soil improvement to bury turf and weeds in the soil.

(2) Continue to control giant salamander moths and diseases.

(3) Continue to pay attention to typhoons. After the typhoon, the broken branches should be thinned in time, the plants should be straightened, and the rhizosphere should be cultivated to restore the tree as soon as possible.

(4) Do a good job in developing the planned infrastructure of Yang Meiyuan. Gardens should be planted on shady or semi-shady slopes with convenient transportation, deep and fertile soil and slightly acidic or neutral soil. On the gentle slope, terraces with a width of 3-4 meters should be built. On the steep slope, fish scale pits can be used for planting, but all pits should be dug and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied.

3. Loquat

Continue to apply fertilizer before flowering, and make good labor arrangements and material preparations such as bud thinning, flower thinning, trunk coloring, garden cleaning and antifreeze.

4.peach trees

Late-maturing varieties continue to apply base fertilizer. The newly-built orchard is ready.

5. Grapes

Focus on applying base fertilizer to prepare for developing new vineyards.

6.pears

In order to keep the largest leaf area and the best photosynthetic efficiency center, topdressing outside the roots, overwintering basal fertilizer after harvest, and strengthening the prevention and control of pests such as Legionella that harm leaves. Prevent deciduous leaves from prematurely inducing secondary flowering, which will affect the flower quantity and yield of the next year. Make winter pruning plan and next year's production plan.