Briefly explain the problems in rural primary education

Education is the foundation of the country, young people's aspirations are the country's aspirations, and young people's strength is the country's strength. Education determines the future development of the country. In China, the rural population accounts for the majority of the rural population, rural education issues by the state's extensive attention, and rural primary education is the top priority. Under the continuous development of China's economy, China's education is also developing rapidly, and rural primary education has also made good progress. However, nowadays, with the further development of social and economic development, the problems of rural primary education are more and more prominent, not in line with the development goal of harmonious rural areas, and become a shackle to the further development of rural economy. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of rural primary education and improve the level of primary education.

China's large population, uneven levels of educational development, rural primary education has been one of the soft underbelly, restricting the overall improvement of the level of education. Rural primary education is far behind the urban primary education. The student population is decreasing year by year, the scale of the school shrinks, the quality of teachers is low, the conditions of elementary school are poor, family education defects and so on, are serious constraints on the development of primary education.

First, the problems of rural primary education

1, the rural enrollment of children to reduce the distribution of schools is unreasonable, the scale of school shrinkage. The implementation of the family planning policy, the rural young couple's concept of change, so that the rural population birth rate continued to decline, the school-age children year by year, the number of rural elementary school in the number of shrinking. Rural economic development, rising incomes, and the implementation of the policy of completely free nine-year compulsory education. In order to give their children a better start, more and more young couples in rural areas prefer to send their children to elementary school in more distant towns. On the one hand, more and more migrant parents are choosing to send their children to school in their inflow areas. Many migrant parents have begun to relax their policies on the enrollment of their children, and have begun to accept these children into local public schools, where they do not have to pay additional sponsorship fees, loan fees, etc., and can enjoy the same high-quality educational resources as local students. In this way, parents can take care of their children's study and life at any time, eliminating their worries. In terms of enrollment, urban elementary school also try to compete for students by offering a series of concessions and quality services. These make rural elementary school enrollment more and more difficult, the number of elementary school students is also decreasing, so that the school had to reduce the size of the school, there are some places began to let the smaller elementary school for merger or closed, so that the quality of the school will deteriorate even more, and the source of students will be reduced, the formation of a vicious circle. Some elementary school have had to resort to chartered class teaching because of small class sizes and fewer teachers. This not only increases the difficulty of teaching teachers, teaching quality is difficult to ensure, students learning efficiency will certainly be greatly reduced, parents more distrust of the school.

2. Teachers are weak, and teachers have a heavy teaching load.

At present, rural elementary school teachers are generally older and less energetic, the school conditions are poor, the teacher's establishment is insufficient, many teachers have to undertake multi-disciplinary teaching, teachers teaching heavy task. At the same time, rural parents have to go out to work for a living, rural children left behind in the absence of family education phenomenon is serious. The children are mostly under the care of their grandparents, who either dote on them or let them go too far. The current situation of left-behind children requires teachers to have strong teaching ability and responsibility.

Teachers are the first element of the sustainable development of the school, without a high-quality teaching staff, it is impossible to have a good school, but due to history, geography, uneven educational development and other factors, resulting in the current rural teachers are relatively weak, specifically in:

a. As most teachers work in rural elementary school for long periods of time, where the management of the place is relatively backward, work, Living conditions are difficult, society, parents pay little attention to education, and even a significant portion of teachers working long hours in the local area, resulting in some teachers do not want to forge ahead, the work lacks ***, loose habits, it is difficult to concentrate on teaching.

b, because of the information blockage, learning, fewer opportunities to see, resulting in teachers backward concepts, teaching methods traditional, simple.

c, due to the current management system factors and insufficient investment in education, it is difficult to implement effective incentives to do a good job or bad job is the same, the teacher lacks a sense of competition, there is no sense of crisis, sense of urgency, a sense of responsibility, and thus resting on the status quo, do not pay attention to learning, do not pay attention to improve their own cultural knowledge and professional knowledge level.

d, because the overall quality of teachers and teaching and research level is not high, the transfer between teachers in a form, the effect is poor, the external conditions of the growth of teachers is limited.

e. Due to the unidirectionality of teacher mobility, changes in teacher allocation policy caused by rural schools have not been supplemented with new teachers for many years, especially some of the excellent young teachers with a skill continue to flow to urban schools, making the age structure of teachers in rural schools, the imbalance of the structure of the subject, the majority of middle-aged and elderly teachers, and non-language and mathematics teachers are difficult to specialize.

3, elementary school conditions are poor, urban and rural differences are obvious.

Although the state's investment in primary education infrastructure has increased in recent years, the facilities of rural elementary school are not advanced relative to those in towns. All regions basically focus on the town center elementary school, and less attention to remote rural elementary school. The long-term marginalization of the rural elementary school and urban elementary school hardware facilities gap is getting bigger and bigger.

In many rural elementary school, there are only a few classrooms, in which there are a lot of dangerous houses, the lack of repair, a serious threat to the safety of students. Elementary school teaching equipment is in short supply, microscopes, alcohol lamps and other basic laboratory equipment, there are many places do not have. Microcomputer room, voice room, music room, library and other functional classrooms, many places do not have, some just empty name or equipment is too old, the library lack of new books, computers lack of updated maintenance. Students sports activities with playgrounds, basketball courts and other sports facilities are missing, there is no exposure to modern sports activities.

The lack of these educational infrastructure and obsolete, a serious constraint on the development of quality education in elementary school and the improvement of the overall quality of elementary school students, so that many schools have more than enough and not enough. Want to improve teaching but suffer from a lack of equipment and funding.

4, family education constraints on the growth and development of students.

The impact of family education on children's growth is very large, as parents, how to educate children? To the child's growth should provide what space and conditions? The author believes that: first of all, the child should create a warm, harmonious, rational family atmosphere. The whole family should establish good interpersonal family relations, the education of the child's goal should be the same, strict requirements for children, and do a good job of children's role model. Secondly, we should care about and help our children to study well, fix a place for them to study, cultivate good study habits, and help them to solve the difficulties in study is very important for their growth. Thirdly, we must train our children to develop good morals, so that they can respect their elders, honor their parents, and be honest, upright and responsible people. Fourth, as parents, we must protect our children's mental health and develop good personality qualities. These factors are very important for the healthy growth of children, and will influence and accompany the children throughout their lives.

A common phenomenon in rural areas is that children's parents go out to work to earn a living, leaving their children in the care of their grandparents. The old man in the countryside is basically an elementary school educated, here the so-called "care" is also living in the sense of care, is not capable of "left behind children" thinking, learning and physical and mental health development of the educational task, so the "Left-behind children" in the family education this link is seriously missing, which affects not only their academic performance, but also their physical and mental health. The absence of family education in rural areas has pushed the responsibility for education, which should be borne by families and schools, to teachers and schools.

The more common problems of left-behind children are:

a. Poor learning. As these children in the left-behind period is to live with elderly grandparents, grandparents or other relatives and friends, these elderly people are generally older, in poor health, the proportion of illiteracy is higher, not only in the study of the left-behind children can not give practical and effective help and counseling.

b. Character defects. In the left-behind children, the proportion of indulgent and spoiled parents is much higher than the proportion of other children. The reason for this is that the guardians can not control, will not control, out of the parents can not control, left-behind students almost live in a state of unrestricted, invariably formed a selfish, overbearing and other personality traits.

c. Psychological barriers. Left-behind students guardian of the left-behind children's mental health problems less intervention, not enough attention. As far away from their parents, the lack of the minimum opportunity to communicate with their parents, and the guardians have no time to take care of their emotional changes, which is extremely unfavorable to the mental health of left-behind children, often triggering a variety of psychological disorders, such as emotional vulnerability, self-abandonment, anxiety and self-absorption, lack of self-confidence, pessimism and negativity.

Second, the rural primary and secondary education in the problems arising from the causes

1, some teachers unilaterally think that the quality of education is to reduce the burden on students, reduce the content of the teaching, there are schools under the banner of the quality of education to carry out the examination education, is still the rate of advancement as the assessment of the quality of teaching the hard index, the holiday remedial classes unabated, or even divided the class into a fast class, and even the class is the most important thing to do, is to make sure that the students are not in the dark. The first is that the class is divided into fast classes, slow classes, experimental classes for teaching, causing great harm to the students' physical and mental health.

2, as a front-line teachers, in many years of teaching practice and exchanges with other teachers found that teachers on the classroom teaching management there are three kinds of mentality:

(1) do not dare to manage. Worried that some students will produce hostile psychology.

(2) will not manage. Undeniably, there are a lot of teachers who are very responsible for their work, but also very much want to organize the classroom teaching in a well-organized and orderly manner. However, in the management of the often incompetent, lack of effective management methods and experience. Either the temperament of impatience, criticism at every turn, more criticism and praise less incentive, strict and out of proportion, simple and rough, after the ideological guidance is not timely or not in place, so that the students are difficult to accept, and even trigger the students' rebelliousness; either the requirements of the standard is not high, the requirements are not strict, classroom teaching and management and organizational capacity is not strong, want to manage and manage not good, can not control the classroom, the order of classroom teaching is out of control.

(3) unwilling to manage. Some individual teachers believe that the main task of the teacher is teaching, is to impart knowledge to students, improve students' ability to quality, classroom teaching management and loose on the teachers is irrelevant. Some teachers believe that every day to grasp the classroom discipline, will distract the energy of teaching. There are also teachers who believe that the classroom teaching discipline and management will affect the teaching progress, and improve the quality of teaching some contradictions, and effort is not pleasing to the eye.

3, the rural left-behind children are a group of "emotional hunger" of the children, the lack of emotion is easy to make their psychological distortion and deformation. Rural left-behind children's psychological condition and character condition mainly has two types of situation, one is more withdrawn character, home mainly with the older grandparents life, character is not as cheerful as other people of the same age, confidence; another type but mischievous, like to engage in mischief, this is mainly because of the old man on the grandchildren of the spoiled, do not tolerate discipline, the development of the later can not control. Minors are in the critical period of character formation, during which they are particularly in need of elders, especially parents' care and guidance, but the left-behind children's thirst for care is not satisfied, some bad emotions such as anger, loss, anxiety, worry and so on can not be discharged, and long-term accumulation, it will be the formation of withdrawn and introverted personality tendencies.

Third, rural primary education problems in the solution to the proposal

1, "rural enrollment of children to reduce the school distribution is unreasonable, the scale of the school shrinks" solution to the proposal

a *** should be to support rural primary education as a focus of the poverty alleviation project, increase the support for the rural primary education, and increase the support for the rural primary education. The focus of the poverty alleviation project, increase support, focus on the introduction of teacher resources, and improve the standard of schooling. Improve the hardware facilities of schools and provide more comprehensive services.

b. *** Lead the integration of educational resources and the removal of schools with a small number of students. Rationalize the location of schools so as to take into account the surrounding villages. The construction of student dormitories is an option in areas where it is necessary. Provide boarding services for students in marginalized areas.

c, the development of basic norms for the construction and management of rural elementary school, strengthen the system management of rural primary education, establish the basic standards of qualified schools, the implementation of the target management, vigorously implement the standardization of the construction, promote the improvement of the quality of education, the footsteps of the quality of education, and do a good job of the image of education.

2, "weak teaching force, the overall age of teachers," the solution to the proposal

a, *** Increase the introduction of teachers to talent resources for rural elementary school teaching force to provide new blood, adjust the age structure of elementary school teachers. Reasonable transfer of teachers to train excellent teachers for elementary school. Supplement elementary school full-time music, art, physical education and other teachers.

b. Increase teachers' salaries and benefits, improve teaching infrastructure, and enrich teachers' spare time. Pay teachers' salaries on time and according to the amount. Establish a reasonable system of rewards and punishments, and penalize the "oil bar" teachers.

c. Strengthen the moral education of teachers, really care about the students' learning and life. Abandon the old customary mode of education, promote the reform of teachers' teaching methods, and open a complete quality education program.

3, "elementary school conditions are poor, urban and rural differences are obvious," the solution to the proposal

a, *** should be balanced urban and rural education investment, a reasonable distribution of the education budget, slightly tilted to rural elementary school. Focus on the construction of elementary school buildings and other infrastructure, additional teaching equipment, improve sports facilities.

b. Schools should actively seek breakthroughs and seek social help to improve the school environment. Transparency of school expenditure, so that every penny spent in the position to play its maximum role.

4, "family education constraints on the growth and development of students," the solution to the proposal

a, for the lack of organic cooperation and communication between the family, rural communities and schools, the establishment of effective families, communities and schools linked to the operation of the mechanism: *** To increase the care of children left behind *** To increase the publicity of left-behind children's care and cultivate a good atmosphere of the whole society's concern for left-behind children; schools should take a series of measures to strengthen the education of students' resistance to setbacks and difficulties, and to enhance their psychological endurance; village committees should set up a farm neighborhood care network, so that every left-behind child is taken care of by someone, so that left-behind children can fully feel the care of the community; families, village committees and schools to do their own responsibility, timely communication, timely understanding, timely solution of problems encountered, from the family, community and school. Understanding, encountering problems in a timely manner, from the system to form the most powerful protection of left-behind children network, to ensure their healthy growth.

b, as far as possible to adjust the parents out of the way, to provide children with the necessary living and learning conditions. Between parents it is best to leave one at home to take care of and supervise the children's learning and life, to keep the family education and influence the atmosphere of the complete existence. If both husband and wife go out to work, the first problem is to choose a good guardian. The guardian should preferably be a more educated, responsible family member or friend who can supervise and guide his or her children, neither spoiling the children nor allowing them to do too much housework or farm work, so as to ensure that the children have sufficient time to study. In case of grandparent guardianship, they must be instructed to be strict with their grandchildren and to strengthen the supervision of their lives and studies.

c. Schools should take the education of "left-behind children" as a special task and pay constant attention to it. Each class should establish a "left-behind children" personal files, the school unified deployment management. Schools and teachers should give "left-behind children" more attention, encouragement, help. Love is the cornerstone of education, for a long time living in the "lonely castle", in the "lack of parental care" "left-behind children", love is the prerequisite for education, education should be put in the center of love! The first step in the process is to make sure that you have a good understanding of what you're doing.