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The challenge of internet forum rumors to janitor theory.

The theory of "gatekeeper" holds that the media has a significant filtering function in the process of information transmission. Starting from the political, economic, cultural, aesthetic and self-interest value, it checks, screens and codes the news information layer by layer, thus determining the final news information content for the audience and influencing the audience through the news information it sends out. Therefore, in the process of traditional media operation, the role of "gatekeeper" is extremely important, which embodies the characteristics of authority, standardization and professionalism.

Judging from the process of news dissemination, the information dissemination procedure of traditional media is roughly as follows: reporters discover news facts → media check (audit) → dissemination to the audience. In this communication process, traditional media can almost monopolize the source, so it is easier to check. However, with the rise of online media, the way and content of human information dissemination have changed greatly. "In the network, everyone can get rid of the strict restrictions of politics, ideology, technology, writing and logical ability, and economic ability, and truly realize personal freedom of expression and speech." Therefore, whether the "gatekeeper" theory can still hold water has aroused people's deep thinking. The information control of traditional media is completed by gatekeepers at all levels, and "gatekeepers" are in a dominant position in determining the media content of traditional media. Network is a decentralized "new interactive media". There is no fixed concept of disseminator in network communication, and the difference between disseminator and receiver is decreasing. Network communication makes the former gatekeeper lose the privilege of information dissemination, and the traditional role of gatekeeper is gradually weakening.

Network forum communication is a typical decentralized information flow. In online forums, the weakening of gatekeeper's role is more serious. Netizens have more autonomy when they get information on the forum, that is, they can control how they get information and give feedback to the information they receive at any time. In the spread of online forums, people often take a very convenient and timely interactive way to receive information, such as discussion and exchange, evaluation and questions. This interaction weakens the role of "gatekeeper". The rapidity and accessibility of information dissemination on the network greatly reduce the feasibility of "checking the gate". Netizens in online forums can freely publish information, which leads to the emergence of countless individual communicators and the opening of countless information publishing points around the world. This provides conditions for rumors to spread quickly and widely by various advanced means of communication. Due to the rapid spread, the gatekeeper of the forum may not be able to respond at all, and some posts have caused adverse social impact and put the gatekeeper in an embarrassing situation.

Secondly, the massive information in online forums also increases the difficulty of verification. Massive information will often confuse the audience's hearing and vision, make them dazzled, and even gradually lose the basic ability to judge whether the information is true or false. For the gatekeeper, the review of small and medium-sized websites that publish less than 1000 messages every day can make the staff tired, let alone review the posts in the interactive community of the website. Therefore, the fact that the forum has a huge amount of information further reduces the feasibility of "gatekeeper". The network is a kind of "spider web" without a center, and both the sender and the audience are nodes on this network. In other words, in the online forum, the right of communication has been almost completely shared by the public, and the traditional gatekeeper is decomposed into the following levels in the online forum.

1. Individual netizen. The majority of netizens in online forums have the right to collect and publish information. They can speak to the whole world and enjoy a high degree of freedom of communication. Therefore, the spread of online forums has made every netizen act as a gatekeeper of communication. It is precisely because of this that the authenticity of information and the reliability of opinions are first "checked" by netizens themselves. When netizens express their opinions or information through forums, they enter the public opinion space. Therefore, netizens should output their published information well, and can't follow the lead. First of all, netizens should manage themselves well, do not create false information, and do not spread false or suspicious information; Secondly, we should help the government to manage well, find false or suspicious information, report it in time, and actively verify and refute rumors. Netizens are not only the disseminators of rumors, but also the main force to stop the spread of rumors. Many netizens have the knowledge, ability and willingness to expose rumors, or have the facts to expose rumors. Netizens should provide real information on online forums and expose rumors themselves.

2. website editing. Network media has brought a large number of new media practitioners, namely website editors. At present, the quality of netizens in China is generally not high, so the role of "gatekeeper" of website editors plays a very important role: on the one hand, it is necessary to review the authenticity, ethics and social morality of information and reserve the right to modify or even delete it; On the other hand, take necessary technical measures to filter out the words "dross" that should not appear.

3. the role of the host. There is also a group of special gatekeepers in the online forum-moderators, that is, administrators of the website forum. Their role is to promote the discussion atmosphere of this page, publish articles related to the content of this page as often as possible or answer questions from forum users. Judging from the process of "checking", they live between netizens and website editors and are at the second checkpoint. It still belongs to netizens in essence, but it is different from ordinary netizens. Moderators management is the most direct way to guide online forums. Moderators have the responsibility to promptly delete statements that are obviously unfounded, contain indecent words, tend to attack people, have nothing to do with the content of this edition, and other information that violates the relevant provisions of this forum.

The moderator who presides over the forum is a network "gatekeeper" that cannot be ignored. Moderators are similar to traditional gatekeepers, but there are some differences. Moderators are not absolute leaders in traditional media, but relative managers and guides. They should provide a value standard and aesthetic taste for netizens under the constraint of healthy code of conduct and moral self-discipline, so as to realize the healthy and orderly development of online forums.

4. The external organization and environment of the media. This mainly refers to the media system. Its manifestations are mainly laws, regulations and professional norms formulated by the national government or relevant industry organizations. Laws and regulations are usually mandatory and binding, while professional codes are relatively soft self-discipline norms. Although this layer of "gatekeeper" is not in the "front line" of "gatekeeper" work, it is the last and most powerful checkpoint, which can ensure the normal conduct of various social communication activities and not exceed the legal and moral bottom line, and online forums are no exception. From June 5438 to February 2003, China Internet News Information Service Working Committee was formally established. More than 30 Internet news and information service units, including Xinhuanet, People's Daily, Sina.com and Sohu.com, signed the Convention on Self-discipline of Internet News and Information Service, promising to consciously accept management and public supervision and resolutely resist harmful information. This reflects the government's restraint and guidance on the "gatekeeper" of online media.