History of DuanYan

First, the history and meaning of the DuanYan

DuanYan since the early years of the Tang Dynasty began production. However, when the Duan ink stone is purely a practical tool for the literati to write, the stone surface without any pattern pattern decoration, it seems crude, simple, the Tang Dynasty Li Zhao's "Tang State History Supplement" cloud: "Neiqiu porcelain ou, Duanzhou purple stone inkstone, the world no nobility general use of the".

Later to the middle of the Tang Dynasty, one day an old ink stone worker passing through the Duanxi, saw two cranes flying down the stream, long time and not, so the suspicion, open the net fishing, but fished up is a piece of stone! However, this stone is very strange, on the cracks, from time to time the sound of cranes, the old inkstone workers along the cracks to pry open the stone, the stone was split in two, into two inkstone, inkstone each side of a crane standing in the pines above. News spread, inkstone workers have copied, or each show its art, in the inkstone carved with a variety of patterns and patterns. This is probably the beginning of the inkstone from the practical supplies into practical crafts.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Guangdong Zhaoqing (ancient name of Duanzhou) in the eastern suburbs of the Antelope Gorge, the Duanxi area of the bar Ke Mountain, appeared to rely on the quarrying of inkstone, the production of Duan inkstone laborers to make a living. Here, the Xijiang River, which flows eastward, passes through the gorge and goes straight to the South China Sea. The mountains and ridges along the banks are magnificent and rocky. Among the famous pits of Duan ink stone, Shuiyan (Old Pit), Kengzaiyan, Mazi Pit, Chaotianyan, Gutayan, Xuandeyan are staggered in this picturesque environment. The production of Duan inkstone slowly became the unique crafts of Zhaoqing; it was loved by the literati and appreciated by dignitaries and emperors and generals. In the Song Dynasty, DuanYan was listed as "tribute" and became famous in China and abroad.

Four treasures, inkstone for one. Among the four famous inkstones produced in China, the Duan inkstone is the most famous. The famous poet of the Song Dynasty, Zhang Jucheng poem, "Duanxi inkstone is a world of wonder, purple flower half of the night spit rainbow." Duan inkstone has a long history, excellent stone quality, exquisite carving. There is a flush with the inkstone of Sheyan.

Second, the history of the inkstone (short point)

Mi Fu got the story of the inkstone Mi Fu love inkstone a few crazy point.

When he was a doctor of calligraphy, one day, Emperor Shenzong and Cai Jing were talking about calligraphy in Burgundy, and Emperor Shenzong summoned Mi Fu and asked him to "write a big screen" and specified that he wanted to use the Duan inkstone on the imperial case. Mi Fu received the four treasures, a wave, words like pearls, won the applause of the audience.

Mi Fu took the opportunity to hold the inkstone, kneeling on the request of Emperor Song Shenzong said: "Your Majesty, this inkstone you have given me used, and now can not bear to return to the emperor into the imperial it ......" Emperor Song Shenzong heard, laughed, and then will be this precious inkstone! The Emperor of Song, after hearing this, laughed heartily and then gave this precious inkstone to Mi Fu as a reward. Mi Fu held the inkstone, happy, hands and feet, "the remaining ink stained robe sleeve" also do not want to spare.

When Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty saw this, he said to Cai Jing, "The name of Mi Fu is not a false one. Mi Fu's "upside down" shows his immense love for the inkstone.

I hope you can help, hope to adopt, your adoption will be the power of our answer.

I hope you can help, hope to take your acceptance will be the power of our answer.

However, when the Duan ink stone is purely a practical tool for the literati and ink writers to write, there is no pattern on the surface of the stone pattern decorations, it seems crude, simple, the Tang Dynasty Li Zhao's "Tang Dynasty History Supplement" cloud: "Neiqiu porcelain ou, Duanzhou purple stone inkstone, the world is no noble general use of the". Later to the middle of the Tang dynasty, one day an old ink stone worker passes by the end of the stream, saw two cranes flying down the stream, long and not, so suspicious, open the net fishing, but fishing up is a stone! However, this stone is very strange, on the cracks, from time to time the sound of cranes, the old ink stone workers along the cracks to pry open the stone, the stone was split in two, into two ink stone, ink stone side of the crane stands in the pine above.

The news spread, the inkstone workers have imitated, or each show their skills, in the inkstone carved with a variety of designs and patterns. This is probably the beginning of the Duan inkstone from the actual product into a practical handicraft.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Guangdong Zhaoqing (ancient name of Duanzhou) in the eastern suburbs of the Antelope Gorge, the Duanxi area of the bar Ke Mountain, appeared to rely on the quarrying of inkstone, the production of Duan inkstone laborers to make a living. Here, the water of the Xijiang River, which rolls eastward, passes through the gorge and goes straight to the South China Sea.

The mountains on the folder bank are magnificent and rocky. Among the famous pits of Duanyan, Shuiyan (Old Pit), Kengzaiyan, Mazi Pit, Chaotianyan, Gutayan, Xuandeyan are scattered in this picturesque environment.

The production of Duan Yan slowly became a unique crafts and arts in Zhaoqing; it was loved by the literati and appreciated by the dignitaries and emperors. In the Song Dynasty, DuanYan was listed as "tribute" and became famous both at home and abroad.

Four treasures, inkstone for one. Among the four famous inkstones produced in China, the Duan inkstone is the most famous.

Zhang Jucheng, a famous poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem in praise of: "Duanxi inkstone is a world of wonders, the purple flower half of the night spit rainbow." Duanxi inkstone has a long history, excellent stone quality and exquisite carving.

There is the same name as the inkstone of Sheyan.

Fourth, the history of the development of DuanYan stone

DuanYan began in the Tang, Sheng in the Song Dynasty, refined in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, thriving today. DuanYan in the Tang Dynasty has been listed as tribute, emperors, literati left a large number of praise DuanYan poems, writings, inkstone inscription, legends, stories, couplets, riddles, paintings and calligraphy, the formation of a complete DuanYan cultural system. The Duan inkstone is a work of art that combines the arts of carving, painting, poetry, calligraphy, seal cutting and so on. After the founding of new China, under the care and strong support of the party and ***, the re-exploitation of the three famous pits of Laokeng, Kengzaiyan and Mazikeng in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century directly contributed to the prosperity of Duanan inkstone production, and Duanan inkstone creations have entered the art of blossoming, colorful, the most brilliant period in the history of Duanan inkstone. Modern inkstone subjects are very rich, figures, landscapes, birds and flowers, political subjects, historical events, folk customs and folklore of each leader ***, literary masterpieces, poems and songs, calligraphy and painting are also in the inkstone on the competition. Modern inkstone more emphasis on the value of the collection, the demand for masterpieces, inkstone shape in the traditional basis, but also to the natural inkstone, inkstone with the shape of the more popular.

V. History of the development of the Duan ink stone

Duan inkstone began in the Tang, Sheng in the Song Dynasty, refined in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, thriving in today. DuanYan in the Tang Dynasty has been listed as tribute, successive emperors, literati left a large number of praise DuanYan poems, writings, inkstone inscription, legends, stories, couplets, riddles, paintings and calligraphy, etc., the formation of a complete DuanYan cultural system. The Duan inkstone is a work of art that combines the arts of carving, painting, poetry, calligraphy, seal cutting, etc. After the founding of New China, the Party and the Chinese Communist Party have been working together to develop the Duan inkstone culture. After the founding of new China, under the care and strong support of the party and ***, the re-exploitation of the three famous pits of Laokeng, Kengzaiyan and Mazikeng in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century directly contributed to the prosperity of Duanan inkstone production, and Duanan inkstone creations have entered the art of blossoming, colorful, the most brilliant period in the history of Duanan inkstone. Modern inkstone subjects are very rich, figures, landscapes, birds and flowers, political subjects, historical events, folk customs and folklore of each leader ***, literary masterpieces, poems and songs, calligraphy and painting are also in the inkstone on the competition. Modern inkstone more emphasis on the value of the collection, the demand for masterpieces, inkstone shape in the traditional basis, but also to the natural inkstone, inkstone with the shape of the more popular.

Six, you know the history of the inkstone

Inkstone and pen, ink, paper is the traditional Chinese four treasures.

Inkstone used to study ink, holding ground ink and dismissing pen. Because of grinding ink, there is a flat area; because of holding ink, there is a depression.

The explanation in the Interpretation of Names written by Liu Xi in the Han Dynasty: "Inkstone is also used for research, and can be used to research ink to make it moistened" nanqiaoyanju Inkstone is an essential utensil for Chinese calligraphy. Inkstone is not only a stationery utensils, because of its nature of solid, passed a hundred generations and immortal, and by successive generations of literati as a treasured collector's choice.

The ink stone material is rich and varied, in addition to Duanshi, Sheshi, Taohe stone, Chendian stone, red silk stone, emery stone, chrysanthemum stone, there are jade inkstone, jade mixed stone inkstone, tile inkstone, lacquered sandstone inkstone, iron inkstone, porcelain inkstone, etc. *** dozens of kinds. After a long time of history, the inkstone has long ceased to be a mere stationery, but has become a set of carving, painting in one of the exquisite handicrafts, and become the object of the literati collection.

If you want to explore the origins of the Chinese ink stone, may be traced back to the primitive society of mankind to build tools for grinding, as with pen, ink, paper and known as the "four treasures of the literary house", Chinese culture through the ages of the ink stone treasure, can be said to be to the point of no return. Carve inkstone, appreciate inkstone, hidden inkstone, as a fashionable trend, inkstone with the evolution of social history, concentrated in the Chinese culture of various dynasties, economic and even aesthetic awareness of a variety of information.

For modern people, the ancient inkstone *** into the transformation from a practical product to a work of art, thus also creating its unique collection of financial value. Speaking of the collection of inkstones, the general public will be China's "four great inkstones" as the focus of the collection of objects.

The four famous inkstones are: the Tang Dynasty, produced in Guangdong Zhaoqing inkstone, the late Tang Dynasty, produced from Anhui Wuyuan inkstone, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, produced from Shanxi Jiangzhou inkstone, produced in the Song Dynasty, produced in Gansu Lintan Taohe inkstone. As produced at the time of the "four great inkstones" scarce, inkstone materials, styles vary, now we produce in the Qing Dynasty "four great inkstones" prices listed below, so as to give investors in the investment collection has a general reference: like this piece of side carved landscape Flat plate inkstone is now priced at 10,000 yuan; this rectangular flow pool Sheyan inkstone is now priced at 2,500 yuan; this side engraved with double-dragon pearl inkstone chennai inkstone is now priced at 4,000 yuan.

In addition to the four great inkstones, from the Songhua River jade inkstone, Shandong Zibo red silk inkstone, etc., is also a collection of investors sought after objects. In the face of the complexity of the types of inkstones, different shapes, we actually how to identify its collection and investment value? The first is the material.

The famous inkstone than the general inkstone to material to get good, the price is always higher than the general inkstone. In addition, the carving process of the inkstone, is also an important factor in determining the value of the inkstone collection reference.

In addition, the shape of the inkstone character, is also a value of the reference point, in general, square, round type of inkstone than the character of the irregular inkstone price is much more expensive; as the saying goes, "the inkstone is expensive and famous, doubled in value", refers to the inscription above the inkstone, such as this piece of the Republic of China, Huiliang carving of Sheyan inkstone, the price is higher than the price of the inkstone without an inscription. No inscription of the ink stone. Of course, the collection value of the inkstone should be considered from a number of aspects to synthesize.

With the more and more rare survival of the inkstone, now many inkstone investment ***, began to collect the goal of the collection aimed at more collectible inkstone. For example, the Ming and Qing dynasties, brought together the national skilled craftsmen in the Beijing Office of the carving of the various inkstones, because, after the history and craftsmanship and other cultural precipitation, that period, in the ink stone material selection, grinding process and carving techniques, has reached a fairly mature stage, so, the country has emerged from many fine products.

During the Republican period, Shanghai produced the sea realistic inkstone, these are the popular varieties of collection and investment. Inkstone collection investment, know how is very important, good vision often brings unexpected returns.

To this end, connoisseurs provide some simple and quick identification methods. First, look, look at the ink stone material, craftsmanship, character, inscription, etc..

The second is to touch, is to use the hand to stroke the ink stone, feel whether it is smooth and delicate. Smooth, good stone quality, rough, poor stone quality.

Three is knocking, is to hold the ink stone with fingers, fingers gently hit, listen to the sound, if it is the inkstone, to the sound of wood is good, the sound of the second, the sound of gold for the next. If it is the Sheyan inkstone, the sound is good.

Four is to wash, refers to the ink stone on the ink stone washed off, but also its original color, so it is easier to see whether the ink stone damage or repair traces. Note that the place where the color of the inkstone and the original color of the inkstone has a big difference.

Five is to weigh, is to weigh the weight of the inkstone, the same size of the Sheyan inkstone, heavy good, light second. Inkstone, also known as research, is a research tool, it is accompanied by the development of pen and ink development.

The earliest appearance of the inkstone is the stone inkstone. Han Dynasty, due to the invention of artificial ink, ink can be directly in the inkstone grinding, so the inkstone began to develop, the emergence of copper inkstone, ceramic inkstone, silver inkstone, wooden tire lacquer sandstone inkstone, etc., the most prominent is the emergence of porcelain inkstone from the Sixth Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty is an important period of development of the inkstone, the emergence of the two major inkstone material, the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the inkstone material is more abundant, the emergence of tile inkstone, iron inkstone, tin inkstone, jade inkstone, ivory inkstone, bamboo inkstone and so on. Wooden inkstone research began when, there is no definitive, but the majority of the Qing Dynasty.

Wood is limited by its nature, the actual is not suitable for making inkstones, but the romance of the literati will be this bold attempt, and the ingenuity of the craftsmen blended together, leaving us with a lot of quite exquisite furnishings for the study room. In addition to stone ink slabs, China has also produced some ink slabs made of other raw materials.

In the Han Dynasty, there are tile inkstones, ceramic inkstones, jade inkstones, iron inkstones and lacquer inkstones, Jin Dynasty, there are wood inkstones, porcelain inkstones, and copper inkstones, Tang Dynasty, there are mud inkstones, the Song Dynasty, there are crystal inkstones, stone mud inkstones, brick inkstones and natural inkstones, fossilized inkstones in the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, there are inkstones, and nowadays, there are rubber inkstones. The four famous ink stone Duan ink stone Its material is taken from the southeast of Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, Gaoyao County, Duanxi of the rotten river mountain (also known as axe Keshan) because of its "heavy weight and light, the texture is just and soft, touch the lonely no fiber sound, according to the skin of a child, such as the warm and soft, tender and not slippery," and there is no damage to the hair, it is appropriate to send the characteristics of the ink.

Since its introduction in the Tang Dynasty, it has been favored by the literati. Coupled with the beautiful texture, each with its own name, processing technology is also more complicated, the status of more and more high, so that rose to the top of our stone inkstone, and flourish.

She inkstone material taken from Jiangxi Wuyuan County (Tang belongs to the Shezhou) Longwei Mountain area in the stream, so it is also known as Longwei inkstone. The stone is firm and moist, caressing as muscle, grinding with a sharp, astringent water to stay pen, slippery not refuse ink, ink is small and easy to dry, wash the net.

VII, how to identify the inkstone

Recognition of the authenticity of the end of the inkstone (June 16, 2003)

Moderator: the end of the inkstone to the beautiful and colorful stone quality and ingenuity of the carving famous at home and abroad, it has been a hot spot for collectors, so in recent years, the market has appeared in the end of the stone forgeries, in particular, the most forgeries of the inkstone of the Qing Dynasty. Generally speaking, with other inkstone to imitate the inkstone is relatively small, but also easy to recognize. The market appears most of the inscriptions and inkstone box on the forgery, therefore, in the identification of the authenticity of the inkstone, generally from the inkstone ink rust, inkstone surface of the pulp, inkstone box style, inkstone paragraph and inscription to identify.

In the current market of ancient inkstone, due to the specificity of the stone quality of the inkstone, with other similar to the inkstone to fake, less in the market, because this kind of forgery we can easily recognize, as long as a breath to see if it can become water can be identified. Market forgeries are mainly new inkstone imitation of ancient inkstone, we generally recognize from the following aspects: one is to look at the inkstone ink rust, inkstone rust is an irregular pitting, while the forgery of the pitting is to hit the inkstone with a sharp instrument out, is regular; two is to look at the pulp, the fake pulp is smeared with oil, ink, glue, dirt, as long as it is placed in the water, we find that the authentic before and after there is no change The third is to see the original box, box and inkstone whether matching, whether the style is the same, beware of counterfeiters old bottles pretending to be new wine trick; four is to see the paragraph and inscription. If there is a famous paragraph, to check the handwriting of celebrities, review the word discretionary sentence, look at the mouth of the word there is no pulp. In addition, the artistic style of carving is also an important basis for judging the authenticity of the inkstone.