What is the charm of Kunqu opera art appreciation, Kunqu opera costume art and Kunqu opera performance costume?

Kunqu Opera is an ancient art. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, as a collection of opera costumes, Kunqu Opera costumes became a highlight of China costumes. The colorful costumes of Kunqu Opera are the main part of setting off the modeling of stage characters. The costumes of Kunqu Opera are called "costumes" in the jargon.

Clothing is the general name of clothes worn by various roles and an important means to shape the stage image of Kunqu Opera. Its types include robes, jackets, armor, helmets, boots and shoes, as well as auxiliary and decorative items attached to clothing. Because ancient costume plays a special role in Kunqu opera, the convention that "there is a troupe with ancient costume, and there is no troupe without ancient costume" has been formed.

There are many names of clothes (costumes), including more than 20 kinds, such as butterfly robe, official costume, lying costume, arrow costume, shawl, pleat and so on. The stylized characteristics of Kunqu costumes are very obvious, and actors have strict collocation requirements. To abide by this stylization, there is an apt jargon called "It's better to wear it out than to wear it wrong".

In Ming Dynasty, Le Jia advocated elegant and exquisite aesthetic tradition, which made Kunqu costumes present freehand brushwork and stylized classical beauty. The costumes of Kunqu Opera are basically derived from life, and on this basis, necessary transformation is made according to the needs of artistic expression, creating a distance between aestheticism and strangeness. All kinds of characters should follow the corresponding dress rules when dressing up.

For example, embroidered robes are official clothes worn by emperors and ministers, symbolizing their dignity; The black and rich clothes worn by poor scholars are decorated with some patches, which shows the hardships of the characters' lives; Taoist priests wear the cassock symbolizing the eight symbols of heaven, earth, mountain, ze, wind, thunder, water and fire in China's ancient philosophy, which shows that the characters have extremely high wisdom and knowledge.

In short, the information of different social status, age, occupation and mental state can be reflected in clothing. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the rise of Zhezi Opera, the artistry and exquisiteness of Kunqu costumes were further improved, emphasizing the close combination of costumes and characters' personalities and emotions. Clothing is the most distinctive and attractive means in Kunqu Opera. The stage of Kunqu opera is not too big, and the proximity of the performance area and the auditorium allows the audience to see every detail of the costume clearly. If the costumes are poorly made, the overall viewing effect of Kunqu opera will be greatly reduced.

After hundreds of years of perfection, traditional Kunqu costumes advocate exquisite craftsmanship in fabric selection, pattern color and embroidery technology, and strive to make any details perfect. There are five kinds of costume colors in Kunqu Opera, with red, yellow, blue, white, black, purple and pink as the main colors, which are bright and lively. Satin, silk and cloth are mainly used for quality. The decorative patterns of Kunqu costumes include dragons, winds, birds, beasts, fish, insects, flowers, clouds and water. The pattern is mainly embroidery, which strives to be thin and dense, and can present delicate luster changes. In terms of sewing, the precise angle forms a perfect pattern, and the technology is very elegant. Because of the different colors, patterns and quality, as well as the different collocation in wearing, the whole clothing is rich in colors and expressive.