What are the contents of Wushu in the form of expression?

Wushu: Boxing and the use of weapons are traditional sports in China. (Modern Chinese Dictionary)

Also known as Wushu or Wushu, it is a traditional sport in China. Its content is to combine kicking, hitting, throwing, taking, falling, hitting, chopping, stabbing and other actions into various offensive and defensive fighting techniques, routines and unarmed equipment single-potential exercises according to certain rules. Wushu has an extremely broad mass base and is a valuable cultural heritage accumulated and enriched by the people of China in the long-term social practice. At present, Wushu is divided into Sanda and routine. Sanda is also called Sanshou, which is a challenging situation of Wushu, while routine is a performance form of Wushu.

The origin of Wushu can be traced back to primitive society. At that time, humans began to use primitive tools such as sticks as weapons to fight wild animals, one for self-defense and the other for hunting for means of subsistence. Later, in order to compete for wealth, people made more lethal weapons. Such as Shan Hai Jing? 6? In the Wild North Classic, there is a record that Chiyou attacked the Yellow Emperor as a soldier. In this way, through fighting, human beings not only made weapons, but also gradually accumulated skills with certain offensive and defensive significance.

The development of bronze industry in Shang Dynasty was dominated by chariot warfare, and some bronze weapons appeared, such as spears, daggers, halberds, axes, cymbals, knives and swords. At the same time, the use of such weapons has also appeared, such as splitting, stabbing, stabbing, splitting and other technologies. In order to improve the combat effectiveness, the form of competition appeared at this time. Such as the Book of Rites? 6? 4 "The King's System" states that "anyone who holds the skill to discuss is suitable for all sides, barefoot and decisive shooting", which means to compete with martial arts.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, ironware appeared and infantry cavalry rose. In order to play a role in hiking, long-handled weapons become shorter and short-handled weapons (especially swords) become longer. In this way, the content of weapons has become richer, the attack and defense of Wushu has become more prominent, and the fitness function of Wushu has also been paid attention to. At this time, the forms of Wushu competitions have appeared widely, which further promoted the development of Wushu. According to the pipeline? 6? According to the Seven Laws, there is a "Spring and Autumn Angle Examination" every year. Press Zhuangzi? 6? 4 Life and Xunzi? 6? As the Private said, the martial arts competition at that time was very skillful, and the boxing methods included attack, defense, counterattack and feint.

In the Qin Dynasty, there were corner kicks and hand fights, and there were referees, courts and certain costumes during the competition. 1975 On the back of a wooden grate unearthed from the Qin Tomb in Fenghuangshan, jiangling county, Hubei Province, the grand occasion of a game at that time was painted in color: there were three naked men on the stage, wearing only shorts, belts and toe caps, and two people were competing. 1 Each person held out his hands as a referee.

There are sword dance, knife dance, double halberd dance and cymbal dance in Han Dynasty. All these show that the martial arts dance in Han Dynasty has obvious skills and tricks, and most of them appear in the form of routines. The Han Dynasty was a period of great development of Wushu, which formed a variety of technical styles. For example, there are 13 and 199' s "martial arts" in History of Han, which are all martial arts monographs that "learn hands and feet, arrange equipment and accumulate organs to win the attack and defense".

During the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, wars were frequent, and bureaucrats and nobles indulged in feasting or pursuing immortality, and their influence also penetrated into the lives of all walks of life. For example, the sword was regarded as a mysterious tool, and even wood blade replaced the sword and practiced martial arts with absurd heresy, which led to the stagnation of martial arts.

During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, with the development and prosperity of feudal society and economy, Wushu re-emerged, and the Tang Dynasty began to implement the martial arts system, and awarded corresponding titles to those who had outstanding performance in Wushu through examinations, such as "Brave Man", "Agile Man", "Skilled Man" and "Foot Sick Man". There are specific criteria for obtaining each title. For example, a "vicious man" wants to "have a bow with five arrows, and a spear and halberd can be used well ..." ("Wu Beizhi? 6? 4 Taibai mute? 6? 4 selected scholars sixteenth). This system of selecting talents through examinations has promoted Wushu activities in society.

With the development of riding, Ge and Ji were gradually eliminated on the battlefield. As a military technology, sword is mostly replaced by knife, but as a routine exercise, it is still developing.

In Song Dynasty, folk Wushu organizations appeared, such as Champion Club (crossbow shooting), British Club (baton making) and Jiao Jiao Club (sumo wrestling). Because of their simplicity, these societies "have their own martial arts, such as bladeless guns, bamboo standard rows, wooden bows and arrows, and wormwood arrows" (History of Song Dynasty 19 1). In the city, according to "Twelve Capitals of Dongting", fighting martial arts in the streets and lanes is very lively. The martial arts performed include gladiator, boxing, kicking, clubbing, clubbing, sword dancing, sword playing and crossbow shooting. Fighting is called "condom fighting", including "gun against card" and "sword against card". At this time, collective events also developed rapidly. For example, Dream of China in Tokyo has been published for seven years: "Two people dance in pairs. However, the antagonistic attack and defense technology gradually declined due to the influence of Song Neo-Confucianism advocating "main quietness".

The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty gathered people to hunt more than 200,000 people (Volume III of Yuan Zhang Dian Helping the Poor), and even hid weapons for the people. Martial arts are taught by secret family heirlooms, risking their lives.

The Ming Dynasty was a period of great development of Wushu, and technical schools had different styles. Boxing and equipment have been developed, especially the past martial arts experience has been summarized theoretically. Representative works include "Ji Xiao Shu Xin", "Wu Pian" and "Yu Techniques". These works record the genre, evolution, action names, characteristics, action methods and technical theories of boxing and instruments to varying degrees, and some of them are accompanied by songs and action pictures, which provide an important basis for future generations to study Wushu.

The rulers of the Qing Dynasty banned martial arts, while the people taught martial arts in the form of secret societies such as "clubs" and "museums". Among them, Tai Ji Chuan, Baguazhang, Xingyiquan, Bajiquan and Guagua Boxing were mostly formed in Qing Dynasty.

During the Republic of China, various boxing clubs appeared in the society, which played a positive role in the spread and development of Wushu.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Wushu, as an excellent national heritage, was inherited, sorted out and improved, and Wushu associations at all levels were established one after another. The state has set up special institutions to carry out Wushu and listed Wushu as an official competition. 1953 held the 1 national sports performance competition conference, and then held many national Wushu competitions or performance conferences. In order to promote the popularization and improvement of Wushu, the state has organized the compilation of prescribed routines for competitions, the compilation of primary routines required for mass Wushu activities and the simplification of Tai Ji Chuan, the publication of Wushu books and wall charts, and the shooting of Wushu movies and videos. In order to explore the value of Wushu, we also organized physiological measurement and research to make it scientific step by step. In addition, various physical education departments have set up martial arts classes and specialized courses, universities, primary and secondary schools have also listed martial arts as the teaching content in physical education class, amateur sports schools for young people have also set up martial arts classes, and various forms of martial arts consultation stations have been set up by local martial arts associations, attracting a large number of martial arts enthusiasts to practice martial arts, strengthen their health and treat diseases.

In the past, Wushu was divided into regions, mountains and rivers, surnames or families, and technical characteristics. Modern times are generally divided into five categories according to content; Regular adherence to Wushu exercise can effectively enhance physical fitness. All kinds of boxing and leg techniques in Wushu require high explosiveness and flexibility, especially the range of motion of each joint is very large, which has a good exercise effect on muscles and ligaments. Wushu includes twisting, throwing, closing and folding, which requires "hand-to-eye", "hand-to-eye" and "step by step", and requires high coordination. Practicing Tai Ji Chuan's gentle and gentle boxing, emphasizing the action guided by the mind, combined with even deep breathing, can make the whole body blood flow, which is suitable for patients with chronic diseases to persist in exercise as a medical means with obvious curative effect. Antagonistic competitive events, such as Sanshou, Pushing Hands, Short Martial Soldiers and Long Martial Soldiers, are intense, which can not only enhance physical fitness, but also cultivate good characters such as courage, wit and agility.