What happened to education, from Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, from ancient private schools to modern private schools?

Speaking of private schools, I believe many people will be very familiar with them. As long as they have received middle school education, most of them will laugh at Lu Xun's slightly horrible "three pools printing the moon".

1September, 926, Lu Xun published "From Baicaoyuan to Santan Yinyue" in Mangyuan magazine.

The article mentioned: "My husband's house is not more than half a mile from the door to the east, separated by a stone bridge. Go through a black bamboo door, and the third room is the study. There is a plaque in the middle: three pools print the moon; Below the plaque is a photo of a fat sika deer crouching under an old tree. Without Confucius memorial tablet, we would pay tribute to the plaque and deer. The first time I worshipped Confucius, and the second time I worshipped Mr. "

A steady and serious old gentleman, a group of screaming children and a ruler who is always ready to guard against being attacked by the old gentleman constitute the overall picture of "private school" in the eyes of Chinese people.

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Teachers in private schools are also called "teachers". At that time, the most popular was "Lin", that is, scholars who were recommended by the government and counties to study in imperial academy, the capital of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and enjoyed local allowances; Secondly, Jinshi, that is, those who passed the county administration examination in Ming and Qing Dynasties and were qualified to take the provincial examination; Secondly, there is another kind of boy, that is, no matter how old he is, he is a boy before he obtains the qualification of student (scholar).

Among the teachers, children are the most, not scholars. They have been poor for half their lives and have to take the road of teaching.

Classification of ancient private schools

According to textual research, private schools in the late Qing Dynasty were divided into foreign schools, clan schools, family schools and self-built libraries. Yi Shu is a free public welfare institution specially set up for poor children.

The ninth time in A Dream of Red Mansions wrote: "This school is not far from home. It was originally established by the ancestors of that day. Those who are afraid that children will delay their studies too much will enter this school. All ethnic groups have the money to help those who are officials, thinking that the price of learning is to paste the fire and promote people who are older and have good moral character to be teachers. " This is easy to learn.

Family schools are often located in ancestral halls and do not recruit children with foreign surnames. Ancestral mat is supported by ancestral property and belongs to running schools in the ancestral hall. Several families got together and invited a gentleman to set up a museum.

Wu's "Scholars" wrote for the second time that "Xue Jiaji of Wenshang County wants to hire Mr. Kannonji as a school, because several children want to go to school." Later, Zhou Jin, an old student, was invited to teach Mongolian children in the study room in Kannonji. This is a clan school.

Rich families hire famous teachers to stay in Confucianism and tutor their children. This kind of private school is called home school.

A Dream of Red Mansions wrote Jia Yucun for the second time. "I met two old friends, who knew about the new salt policy and knew that he was going to ask a teacher (. Teacher: home teacher or screen friend) teaches her daughter, so I recommend Yucun to teach Lin Daiyu to study in Yamen. " This is a typical home school.

The library opened by Mr. Xue in his own home is called his own library, which is the most common form of private cushion. The wing of the teacher's house can be used as a classroom as long as it is spacious. If there is not enough space, it can be extended to aisles and under houses, or rented in another place, or set in an empty room in a temple.

There has been such a saying since ancient times: "Adults are uncomfortable and they are uncomfortable."

The purpose of private school education is generally clear. When parents send their children to school, the teacher will first ask, "What are you going to do for your children in the future?"

Most parents will answer, "You can read a few words, just keep your eyes open." Others said, "It's not bad to be an abacus bead, keep an account of tofu oil and salt, and be a vendor." This is the low-level category of literacy bookkeeping.

Some parents want their children to have some ink in their bellies so that they can dance and write later. This is the intermediate category of writing.

There is also a hope that children can read more classics and subsets of history, write more poems and essays, and become a learned person, which belongs to orthodox scholars and is an advanced category of a few people.

Private schools are an important part of traditional education in China. For thousands of years, China people have been educated in private schools to enlighten their wisdom in life. However, with the development and transformation of modern society, the shortcomings of old-style private schools have been exposed in terms of educational content, educational methods, teaching objectives and educational concepts, and their disadvantages have gradually emerged.

Modern private schools

1905 abolished the imperial examination system to make way for new learning, which opened the prelude to the improvement of private schools for half a century.

Until now, modern private school education has sprung up, freeing children from the pressure of schoolwork and going to the academy for education. Some netizens said that this kind of "family mutual education" can be called "the experimental field of ideal education".

As early as around 2007, a large number of private schools rose quietly among the people.

Singing "The Book of Songs", reading "Three Thousand Filial Pieties", learning fine arts, doing handicrafts and other activities have become the daily routine of modern private schools.

While modern private schools cultivate children's independent learning, social worries and fears also follow. "Without formal education, where is the way out for children?"

There have been news reports that parents raised millions to build "modern private schools", which caused a series of problems.

China's Compulsory Education Law stipulates that "parents or other legal guardians should send children over the age of six to school to complete compulsory education", but modern private schools have touched the legal ceiling.

As a kind of off-campus training, modern private schools do not have full-time education qualifications, and it is difficult to obtain school licenses. Strictly speaking, running a school is illegal.

"What do modern private schools teach? How to teach? Who will teach? How to take the children's road in the future? A series of problems such as how to operate the modern private school model are placed in front of modern private schools.

Nowadays, there is still a long way to go to make modern private schools widely recognized by the society and achieve truly satisfactory results.

As a special form of education, private schools have experienced ups and downs. With the innovation and development of society, the way and content of education are not absolute and unique. At the same time of popularization of education, it is necessary to be personalized and diversified, so that children can become capable and responsible and spread positive energy in society.

All education has advantages and disadvantages, and it can't be killed with a stick.

As the saying goes, "there is no class in teaching, there must be kindness, and personality development will show its true colors."