How did the art of Daoxiang in Taikang, Zhoukou come about?

The art form of Daoxiang is popular in all counties of Zhoukou, and the most famous Daoxiang in Taikang County, which belongs to the folk opera art, is distributed in Taikang and the surrounding areas, which is rare and precious and has a long history.

Daoxiang theater was originally a popular folk opera in the Yellow River basin, which originated in the Tang Dynasty Taoist priests sang the "scripture rhyme", because the Taoist priests sang music songs with fish-skin drums accompaniment, so the old saying is "fisherman's drum Taoxiang", commonly known as the "Taoist love tube". "

Ming Ming Dynasty (1644-1867), the first time I saw this, it was the first time I saw it.

The Ming and Qing dynasties in the northern Anhui region popular, and Fuyang area folk tune "Yingge Liu" fusion, the formation of the art of singing and rapping. At that time, the singing was limited to a single mouth rap, accompanied only by portable fishing drums and simple boards.

During the Song Dynasty, Daoxiang developed into a form of opera that was sung in both white and white, "Daoxiang Drums and Lyrics". During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the rap-daoxiang, which had been passed down in the northern part of Jin, was put on the stage of the opera, and became a variety of opera loved by the local audience.

Before and after Jinbei Daoxiang was put on the stage of opera, Linxian Daoxiang, popular in western Jin, was also put on the stage of opera, and Hongdong Daoxiang, popular in southern Jin, was also put on the stage twice in the Xianfeng and Xuantong years. Since then, Hedong Daoxiang and Zhoukou Daoxiang, popular in Jinnan, Shanxi Province, and Shandong's Lan Guan Opera and other Daoxiang operas have also been developed into stage plays.

Late in the Qing Dynasty, Daoxiang was introduced to Zhoukou Taikang from Shenqiu and Dancheng. Influenced by Henan opera, Yue tune and other local operas, Taoism artists began to try to sing in pairs and groups, the subject matter broke through the original Taoist stories, expanding the scope of the parents and children; the actors and actresses are largely divided into roles, but no make-up, and there is no obvious line of work, known as the "stalls Taoism," this is the stage of the incubation of the Taoist opera.

Daoxiang opera is mainly sung, the script is more sung words and less inserted white, a board down is hundreds of words. Its singing in the board cavity and the song both, the main board slow board, running water, cutting board, big over, single over, double over, crying dead, crying live, stacks, rolling white and so on. The main forms of the opera are the slow tempo, the flowing water, the cutting board, the big pass, the single pass, the double pass, the crying death, the crying life, the stacks, and the rolling white.

Daoxiang opera singing men and women sing with real voice, clear bite. There are overlapping sentences when singing two eights or running water, and there are the liner notes of "which hu hi" and "which hi yi", whose tunes are simple and honest, and the lyrics are easy to understand, which are loved by the masses. The accompanying instruments of Taikang Daoxiang Opera are the original fishing drums and simple boards, which have gradually transitioned to the two drop hu. However, it is different from the general pendant beard, which has a large cylinder and a short pole, with a waist code in the center, sounding like an erhu. Later, the accompaniment was added to the Pihu, Sanxian, Dahu, Sheng, Suona and some national plucked instruments.

Taikang Daoxiang genre variety, rich repertoire, according to statistics there are more than thirty songs, tunes, including three categories of five varieties. The three categories are singing, performance, and music; the five varieties are vocal faction, performance program, music system, song plate tunes, and percussion.

The formation of these categories of Taikang Daoxiang is a result of both inherited folk art and the interweaving of sister arts, which finally formed the unique characteristics of Taikang Daoxiang.

Daoxiang theater music is divided into four categories. String music: daoxiang hu, erhu, dahu, zhonghu; wind music: suona, sheng, transverse flute; pizzicato music: serge, brown ruan, three strings, zheng; percussion: dangdang drums, big palm drums, small drums, gongs, cymbals, hinges, cymbals, fishing drums, wooden bangs, bumper bells, and so on.

The performances, make-up and costumes of Taikang Daoxiang do not differ much from those of other dramas, but the main difference is that Daoxiang focuses on singing and is good at comedy, and its actors do not practise martial arts, and there is no martial arts section in the class.

At the beginning, there was no strict distinction between the lines of Daoxiang, except for Sheng, Dan, and Su for specialized actors, and there was no fixed line for Jingsheng, Chou, and Muo. There was no distinction between the big face, the black face, the brass hammer, the rack, the flower face and so on. The clown is only in the voice with some funny flowery accent liner and dexterous trembling tongue sound.

With the development of the times, the role of the Daoxiang line is also divided into quite fine. According to the different age and character of the characters in the play, it is subdivided into Lao Sheng, Xiao Sheng, Wu Sheng, Hong Sheng, etc.; Dan line is divided into Qingyi, Hua Dan, Caidan, Lao Dan, Granny Dan, Boudoir Dan, etc.; and Clown line is divided into clowns, old clowns, official clowns, clowns, clowns, etc.

Daoxin is the most famous opera in the world, and it is one of the most famous opera in the world.

The traditional repertoire of Daoxiang Opera*** has nearly a hundred books, such as The Case of Liu Gongcheng, The Record of the Golden Bracelet and Jade Ring, The Big Red Robe, The Record of Laundry, The Record of the Bees, Little Kunshan, The Three Scholars, and The Scholar in Lu Bu.

Later, after finishing and adapting the traditional plays, there are "Playing Supervisor Wan", "Advising Neighbors", "Wang Jindou Borrowing Grain", "Standing on the Wall of Flowers" and so on. Transplanted repertoire includes "The Three Sisters", "Qiao Taishou's Messy Spotting of Mandarin Ducks", "False Son-in-Law Rides the Dragon", "The Three Weeping Temples", and "Kneeling in the Cave Room", among others.

Theater photo of Taoist Opera "Beat the Thin Man with a Stick"