Geography midterm review syllabus for the second book of seventh grade

Section 1 Natural Environment

1, the geographic location of Asia: P2 Figure 6.2 the extent of Asia, is located in the Eastern Hemisphere, the Northern Hemisphere, northeast of the Bering Strait and North America as a boundary, northwest of the Ural Mountains, the Urals, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea and the Turkish Straits and Europe as a boundary, southwest of the Suez Canal and the boundary with Africa, south across the sea and Oceania to the south. Asia is bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Indian Ocean to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the east. It is the world's widest across the latitude, the longest east-west distance of a continent.

2, Asia's topography P4 Figure 6. 5, can identify the following major topographic regions and rivers in the map: Himalayas (the highest mountain range), Mount Everest (the highest peak, 8844.43 meters), the Tibetan Plateau (the highest plateau), the West Siberian Plain (Asia's largest plain), the Caspian Sea (the largest lake), Lake Baikal (the deepest water storage capacity of the largest lake), the Dead Sea (the world's land) (the lowest point of the world's land), the Arabian Peninsula (the largest peninsula), the Central and Southern Peninsula, the Indian Peninsula, the Malay Archipelago (the largest archipelago), the North China Plain, the Indus Plain, the Deccan Plateau, the Pamir Plateau, and the Iranian Plateau. The major rivers are: Yangtze, Yellow, Mekong, Ganges, Indus, Obi, and Yenisei.

The characteristics of the Asian terrain: 1) the ground is undulating 2) high in the center, surrounded by low

River distribution characteristics: originating in the central mountains, plateau, radial flow in all directions.

3, P7 Figure 6.9, the characteristics of the climate in Asia: 1) complex and diverse 2) significant monsoon climate 3) continental climate is widely distributed (*** counting the characteristics of the nine major climate types and their distribution range, such as the most widely distributed temperate continental climate is characterized by a mild and humid summers, and cold and dry winters.)

In the world's various climate types, Asia lacks a temperate oceanic climate and savannah climate

4, P9 Figure 6.12, the distribution of African climate features: centered on the equator, the north-south symmetrical distribution, from the equator to the north to the south is the tropical rainforests, savannahs, subtropical and tropical deserts, Mediterranean climate. The reason for the north-south symmetry is (1) centered on the equator, the north-south latitudinal symmetry (2) the distribution of topography is less different.

Section II Human Environment

1, Asia is the most populous continent, Asia's population of more than 100 million countries *** counted six. They are China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan and Indonesia.

2, East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia are densely populated areas of Asia.

3, P12 Figure 6.16 three human civilization in Asia is the birthplace of the Yellow River - the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (China); Indus Valley (Ancient India); Mesopotamian plains (Ancient Babylon), the reason: suitable temperate or tropical climate, abundant water, fertile soil.

4, understand the P13 page Figure 6.17 different regions of Asia, such as housing, clothing, and other different human differences.

Chapter 7, Section 1, Japan

1, P18 page Figure 7.2, can find the four major islands in the map, Japan's bordering seas and neighboring countries, Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Nagasaki, Kitakyushu, and other cities, the largest plains for the Kanto Plain, the highest peak Mount Fuji

2, the composition of Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and other four islands Composed of four islands, the largest of which is Honshu Island,

The coastline is winding, many fine harbors, Yokohama, Kobe is Japan's two largest foreign trade ports.

3, terrain: mountainous, hilly mainly, the plains area is small. Climate: temperate and subtropical monsoon climate. Therefore, Japan's rivers are short and fast-flowing, rich in hydroelectric resources.

4, Japan's many volcanoes, earthquakes, the reason: is located in the junction of the Asia-Europe plate and the Pacific plate, that is, the Pacific Rim Volcanic Seismic Belt (P20 Figure 7.5)

5, the type of economy: processing and trade-based economy, features: a heavy reliance on foreign imports of raw materials and fuels, and exports of industrial products. p22 Figure 7 .9-7.12

Japan's development of Favorable conditions for the economy: sufficient labor resources; high level of science and technology;

Islands with many good ports; convenient sea shipping

Unfavorable conditions: poor resources, small domestic market

6. P23 Figure 7.13 (required to be able to locate the five industrial districts on the map), the main Keihin Industrial Zone, Nagoya Industrial Zone, Hanshin Industrial Zone, Setouchi Industrial Zone, and Kitakyushu Industrial Zone. The industrial zones are mainly located along the Pacific Ocean and the Seto Inland Sea

Reasons (chart in P23): 1. Concentration of cities and population, which is the largest consumer in the country; 2. Mainly rely on imports of raw materials and fuels; 3. Superior port conditions, which allow mega ships to dock; 4. Mainly export products.

The main targets of Japan's investment in factories are the United States, Western Europe, East Asia and Southeast Asia

Section 2, Southeast Asia

1. Figure 7.18 on page P27, please implement the Central and South China Peninsula, the Malay Peninsula and Malay Archipelago, the Strait of Malacca, the island of Sumatra, the Indian Ocean, the South China Sea, the Pacific Ocean, and China into the figure.

2. Scope: Includes the Central South Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago. Located in Asia and Oceania, the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean between the "crossroads"

3, the Strait of Malacca is known as the "crossroads" of the throat location: located between the Malay Peninsula and the island of Sumatra. Importance: it is connected to the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, from Europe, Africa, sailing eastward to Southeast Asia, East Asia, the shortest route to the ports of the necessary place.

2, climate: mainly tropical rainforest climate (mainly distributed in the Malay Archipelago, etc.) and tropical monsoon climate (mainly distributed in the Central and Southern Peninsula, etc.)

3, P29 Figure 7.22, Southeast Asia, the distribution of the main crops:

①Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar is the world's major rice exporters, Thailand is the world's largest rubber producer

②Philippines is the world's largest rubber producer

3 Indonesia is the world's largest coconut producer

4 Malaysia is the world's largest producer of palm oil

4, the topography of the South China Peninsula is characterized by: mountains and rivers, the north-south vertical distribution. Most of the rivers in Southeast Asia originate in the Tibetan Plateau region of China, such as the Mekong River (called the Lancang River in China), the Salween River (called the Nujiang River in China), of which the Mekong River is the largest river in Southeast Asia flowing through the country, but also an international river.

6. Southeast Asia is the region with the highest concentration of Chinese and overseas Chinese, mainly from Guangdong and Fujian in China.

Section III, India

1, India is the largest country in South Asia in terms of area, and its population is the second largest in the world after China.

2, India's topographical features: northern mountains, central plains, southern plateau, (in Figure 7.34 on page P35 to identify the Himalayas, the Ganges Plain, the Deccan Plateau, the Ganges River and memorize the location and name)

3, P37 Figures 7.39 and 7.40, Climate: tropical monsoon climate,

Climate characteristics: high temperature throughout the year, with a rainy season The climate is characterized by high temperatures throughout the year, a rainy season and a dry season, with the southwest wind prevailing in the rainy season (June-September each year) and the northeast wind prevailing in the dry season (October-May each year).

4. The frequent floods and droughts in India are related to the southwest wind.

Floods Droughts

Changes in the Southwest Monsoon The winds are strong, come early, recede late, and the rainy season is long. Insufficient winds arrive late, retreat early, and the rainy season is short.

Measures taken to counteract drought and flooding: many water conservancy projects were built, such as the massive irrigation systems in the Ganges and Indus basins in the north, and the drought-proof cisterns in the south.

Section IV, Russia

1, Russia is the world's largest country in terms of area, spanning Asia and Europe.

2. P41 Figure 7.45, find the seas bordering the figure: north - Arctic Ocean, west - Baltic Sea, southwest - Black Sea, Caspian Sea; east - Pacific Ocean (Bering Strait, Sea of Okhotsk)

2, Topography and Rivers: Plains and plateaus dominate. (P41 Fig. 7.45, find each of the following terrain areas and rivers on the map)

West Russia East

Eastern European plains

Volga River Ural Mountains

Western Siberian plains Yenisei River Central Siberian Plateau Lena River

Eastern Siberian mountains

Rivers: the Volga River, which has been compared to the Mother Volga. injected into the Caspian Sea; Europe's first longest river; five seas navigable;

4, climate: most of Russia is located in the North Temperate Zone, the climate is dominated by a temperate continental climate, climate characteristics: long and cold winters, short and warm summers.

5, industry and cities: in P44 Figure 7.48 to find out the following knowledge and remember its location:

Russia's industry is dominated by heavy industry. Industrial zones from east to west are: St. Petersburg Industrial Zone, Moscow Industrial Zone, Urals Industrial Zone, Novosibirsk Industrial Zone. Mineral centers from east to west are: Kursk iron ore, Tyumen oil field, the second Baku oil field, Kuzbass coal mine. The relationship between the distribution of industry and resources: industrial zones are mostly located near the sources of resources.

Murmansk (a year-round frozen port north of the Arctic Circle), St. Petersburg (Russia's second-largest city and main port),

Vladivostok (aka Vladivostok, the starting point of the Asia-Europe Continental Bridge), and Moscow, Russia's capital and largest city, which is home to the famous Red Square and the Kremlin.