What are that preparation method for artificially preparing antibody?

Antibodies play an important role in disease diagnosis and immune prevention, which makes people's demand for antibodies more and more. Artificial preparation of antibodies is an important way to obtain antibodies in large quantities. In the early years, the method of artificially preparing antibodies was mainly to immunize animals with corresponding antigens to obtain antiserum. Because antigens often contain many different epitopes, and the obtained antiserum has not been purified by immunization, the obtained antiserum is actually a mixture containing many antibodies, that is, polyclonal antibodies. Due to the increasing demand for antibodies, the animals used to prepare antiserum are also different, from mice, rats, rabbits, sheep to horses.

In order to obtain a large number of highly specific and homogeneous antibodies, Kohler and milstein established in vitro cell fusion technology at 1975, obtained hybridoma cells fused with immune mouse spleen cells and myeloma cells, and prepared highly specific monoclonal antibodies on a large scale. Since then, the application of monoclonal antibodies in theory and practice has become an important means to solve many important problems in biology, medicine and so on. However, there are still some problems to be solved. For example, when used in vivo, monoclonal antibodies as heterologous proteins can cause human anti-mouse antibody response (HAMA). With the development of DNA manipulation and genetic engineering technology, it is possible for people to disassemble and reconstruct antibody genes, and develop various genetically engineered antibodies and remolded antibodies to meet different needs.

Artificial preparation of antibodies is an important way to obtain a large number of antibodies. The preparation methods include polyclonal antibodies obtained by conventional animal immunization methods, monoclonal antibodies prepared by hybridoma technology and genetic engineering antibody methods developed in recent years.

I. polyclonal antibody

Polyclonal antibody is a mixture of antibodies against many different epitopes, which is produced by stimulating and activating several B cell clones with antigenic substances containing many epitopes. In vivo, polyclonal antibodies are important molecules that exert specific humoral immune effects, and play an important role in neutralizing antigens, immunomodulation, and mediating CDC and ADCC. In vitro, polyclonal antibodies mainly come from animal immune serum, convalescent patient serum or vaccinated people. It is characterized by wide sources and easy preparation. However, because polyclonal antibody is a mixture of specific antibodies with different epitopes, it can not target a specific epitope, and its specificity is not high, so cross-reaction often occurs. At the same time, it is not easy to prepare in large quantities, and its application is limited.

Second, monoclonal antibodies.

The ideal method to prepare specific antibodies is to obtain B cell clones targeting only a single epitope and amplify them in vitro to secrete antibodies. However, the life span of plasma cells in vitro is short and it is difficult to culture them. Hybridoma cells and monoclonal antibody technology overcome this shortcoming. Monoclonal antibodies are highly homogeneous in structure and composition, and their antigen specificity and isotype are consistent, so they are easy to be prepared and purified in large quantities in vitro. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies have the characteristics of high purity, strong specificity, high titer, little or no serum cross reaction and low preparation cost, and have been widely used in disease diagnosis, detection and identification of specific antigens or proteins, passive immunotherapy of diseases and preparation of bio-oriented drugs.

Three, genetic engineering antibody technology

With the development of DNA recombination technology, people began to prepare partially or completely humanized genetic engineering antibodies, such as human-mouse chimeric antibodies, modified antibodies, bispecific antibodies, small molecular antibodies and so on. The research and development of genetic engineering shows a broad prospect for the preparation and application of a new generation of antibodies.

At present, Joy Shenzhou is committed to providing one-stop customized antibody services for scientific research institutions and pharmaceutical companies from antigen synthesis to antibody research and development, screening, evaluation and production.