How to treat China as the largest commodity trading country rationally?

In 20 13, the total import and export volume of China's goods trade was USD 4 16 trillion, including USD 22 1 trillion in exports and USD 0/0.95 trillion in imports. According to the statistics of the World Trade Organization, China has become the largest commodity trading country in the world in 20 13 years. This is the first time that a developing country has become the world champion in goods trade for more than 0/00 years, and it is also another breakthrough after China became the world's second largest economy, the largest foreign exchange reserve country and the largest exporter.

This is a major event in the historical process of China's opening to the outside world. Historically, China's foreign trade began in the pre-Qin period, flourished in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and declined in the late Qing Dynasty. After more than 60 years of rapid development since the founding of New China, especially after 35 years of reform and opening up, China has returned to the top position in the world, which can be said to have created a miracle in the history of world trade development. Over the past 30 years, China's foreign trade has doubled almost every four years, becoming the first developing country to become the world's largest country in goods trade in 100 years. In a horizontal comparison, China's foreign trade rose from 1 trillion dollars to 1 trillion dollars, which took the United States 20 years, Germany 25 years, Japan and Britain 30 years respectively. From 1 trillion dollars to 2 trillion dollars, it took only three years in China, eight years in the United States and eight years in Germany. Foreign trade has become the most active force to promote China's economic and social development. In recent years, the contribution rate of foreign trade to economic growth has reached 17%-20%, which directly and indirectly promoted the employment of 180,000 people in China and created 18% national tax revenue.

The development of China's foreign trade is rooted in economic globalization. At present, China has been the largest trading partner of 120 countries and regions, and the whole world is enjoying the high quality and low price goods made in China. What's more worth mentioning is that China's massive annual imports also promote the employment and development of its trading partners. From 2008 to 20 13, China imported about 10 trillion dollars of goods and services, and the sustained development of foreign trade benefited the development of China.

After the baptism of the international financial crisis, the competition among countries around the international market has become more intense. For a long time, China products have mainly relied on the advantages of quantity and price to participate in international competition, and the products lack core competitiveness and low added value; On the whole, the business environment has improved obviously, but there are many policies and means to encourage exports in one direction, and the two-way adjustment mechanism with limited promotion and progress has not been fully established, and there is still a tendency to pursue speed and scale unilaterally; The role of market intermediary organizations has not been brought into full play, and there are still some problems in some industries, such as rushing headlong into action, competing to lower prices and disorderly competition. At present, the intensification of the game of international economic and trade rules also brings challenges to China's foreign trade management system.

It is worth noting that an important feature of the evolution of contemporary international industrial structure is that high value-added links are gradually concentrated in the service sector, and trade value-added mainly depends on front-end R&D and back-end marketing services, while the profit ratio of assembly and manufacturing links is getting smaller and smaller. Last year, the total import and export volume of China's service trade was US$ 539.64 billion, about half of that of the United States. China is a country with a trade surplus in goods and a trade deficit in services. The lagging development of service export shows that the overall competitiveness of service industry is not strong, and there is still a considerable distance between China and the world trade powers.

The road to the top is very difficult. It is even more difficult to maintain the number one position in the world. Externally, the world economy is still in a period of deep adjustment, and it is difficult for the international market demand to return to the stage of sustained high growth before the financial crisis. Domestically, in recent years, China's labor costs have continued to rise, and the constraints of resources, energy and environment on economic development have intensified. How to form new advantages in international competition as soon as possible on the basis of consolidating traditional advantages is a major issue that needs to be solved urgently in developing foreign trade.

We believe that a strong trading country is the unity of quality and quantity, and quantity is more qualitative and bigger and stronger. To realize the transformation from a big trading country to a powerful trading country, we must adhere to the orientation of openness, continue to develop foreign trade unswervingly, and on the basis of maintaining a reasonable growth of foreign trade, effectively shift the development goal to quality and efficiency.

A big country means responsibility and responsibility. In the future, we must be more at the forefront of international governance, exert the influence of the world's trading powers, and actively participate in the formulation of global economic and trade rules.

Compact version:

According to the statistics of the World Trade Organization, China has become the largest commodity trading country in the world in 20 13 years. The development of new China's foreign trade has concentrated the figure of a big agricultural country in the East gradually moving towards industrialization and modernization. However, after the joy, we need to think rationally. In terms of figures, China's export share of goods in the world market exceeded 1 1% last year, but this level is not prominent in the history of global trade development. 1870, British exports accounted for 18.9% of the world, 192 1 year, and the United States reached 22.4%. In terms of per capita trade volume, China also lags behind other developed economies.

Observing the trade structure behind the figures, it is not difficult to find that China enterprises are still at the low end of the global industrial chain, generally lacking core technologies, products and independent brands, with low added value of products, high costs of resources, environment and manpower, and uncoordinated trade scale and profitability. More importantly, the service industry with concentrated high value-added links lags behind.

Being the largest trading country means closer contact with the world market. At present, the global economic recovery is still unstable. In recent years, the cost of labor and other factors in China has been rising, and the constraints on energy and environment have intensified. The traditional extensive development is not only unsustainable, but also will inevitably lead to more economic and trade frictions. It is particularly urgent to change the development mode of foreign trade from "quantity type" to "quality type".

The scale of trade ranks first in the world, which means that it has become the focus of attention of all parties. In the context of increasingly fierce competition in international economic and trade rules, China is unlikely to hitch a ride and become a lone ranger. How to participate more actively in international governance and exert the influence of big trading countries has become a problem that must be considered. Thus, in the critical period from a big trading country to a powerful trading country, China's ranking first in the global trade ranking is not the peak, but a new starting point.

I hope it helps you.