What kind of fruit is this? What's the use?

Hovenia dulcis, also known as papaya, Hovenia dulcis, Hovenia dulcis, deciduous trees of Rhamnaceae, Hovenia dulcis, Gougouli, Hovenia dulcis, Lycium barbarum, chicken feet, dragon feet, curved fish feet, honey feet and so on.

Shoots, abaxial surfaces of young leaves, petioles and inflorescence axes are initially pubescent and then shed. Leaf blade elliptic-ovoid, broadly ovoid or heart-shaped ovoid. The fruit stalk contains a lot of glucose and potassium malate, which is sweet after frost and can be eaten raw or brewed, commonly known as "horn"; Wood has moderate hardness and beautiful texture, and is used in architecture, furniture making and arts and crafts. Distributed in Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu Longnan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces. The fruit is shaped like a million words, so it is called a longevity fruit tree. When the fruit is ripe, you can eat it raw. The pulp is pulpy and has no stone. The seeds are exposed outside the pulp and taste sweet and slightly astringent. It can also be used to make soup, which is unique and mellow.

gingkgo

Japanese raisin tree

Latin scientific name

Hovenia dulcis

Another name

Hovenia dulcis , chicken feet, golden pear, Hovenia dulcis Thunb, Lycium barbarum and chicken feet.

boundary

plant kingdom

door

Vascular endothelial cell

morphological character

Tall trees, 10-25m high; Branchlets brown or dark purple, brown pubescent or glabrous, with obvious white lenticels. Leaves alternate, thick papery to papery, broadly ovoid, elliptic ovoid or heart-shaped, 8-17cm long and 6-12cm wide, with long or short tapering at the top, truncated or heart-shaped at the base, sparsely nearly round or broadly wedge-shaped, with neat, shallow and blunt serrations at the edge, and inconspicuous teeth at the upper or near the top, and sparse and nearly entire. Petiole 2-5 cm long, glabrous. Dichotomous thyrses, terminal and axillary, brown pubescent; Flowers bisexual, 5-6.5 mm in diameter; Sepals with reticulate veins or longitudinal stripes, glabrous, long 1.9-2.2 mm, wide 1.3-2 mm; Petals elliptic spoon-shaped, 2-2.2 mm long and 1.6-2 mm wide, with short claws; Disk pilose; Style cleft, sparse or deeply parted, long 1.7-2. 1 mm, glabrous. Berry drupe is subglobose, 5-6.5 mm in diameter, glabrous, yellow-brown or brown when mature; The fruit sequence axis increased obviously; Seeds dark brown or dark purple, 3.2-4.5 mm in diameter. The flowering period is May-July, and the fruiting period is 8-65438+1October.

Deciduous trees, up to 10 m; Shoots, abaxial surfaces of young leaves, petioles and inflorescence axes are initially pubescent and then shed. Leaf blade oval to ovoid, wide oval or heart-shaped oval, 8-16cm long, 6- 1 1 cm wide, tapering at the top, round or heart-shaped at the base, often asymmetrical, serrated at the edge, hairless on the surface, and hairy on the back along or between veins. Fuzzy cymes are terminal and axillary; Flowers are small, yellow-green, about 4.5 mm in diameter; Petals oblate; Styles often diverge to the middle or deep. Fruit stalk is fleshy, twisted and reddish brown; The fruit is nearly spherical, hairless, about 7 mm in diameter and grayish brown. Flowering in June and fruiting in August-10. The shape of the fruit is like "ten thousand words", so it is called papaya.

Fruit characteristics: (1) The seeds of Hovenia dulcis Thunb are oblate, with slightly raised back and flat flag surface, with a diameter of -5mm and a thickness of1-1.5 mm. The surface is reddish brown, brownish black or greenish brown, and there are scattered pits under a magnifying glass. There is a little pale navel in the base depression, a slightly concave joint at the top, and a longitudinal ridge on the ventral surface. The seed coat is hard, the endosperm is white, and the cotyledons are yellowish, thick and oily. A slight breath, a slightly astringent taste. [2](2) Cumulus seeds are dark brown or dark purple, with a diameter of 3.2-4.5mm. (3) Hovenia dulcis Thunb seeds are black, dark purple or brown, nearly round, with a diameter of 4-5.5mm.. In Guangdong, Guangxi and other places, even fleshy inflorescences are used as medicine. It is best to be full and shiny.

Microscopic identification: Cross section of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Seed: The outer epidermis is 1 grid cells, about 180μm long and 12μm wide, with thin outer wall, extremely thick side wall, narrow cell cavity, swelling near the inner wall and bright band on the outer side. Pigment layer cell series, nearly oval or polygonal, containing brown substances, and its inner series of thin-walled cells are smaller and contain no pigment. The inner epidermal cells are radially elongated and arranged neatly. The outer endosperm cells are decadent, the inner endosperm cell wall is thick, and the cotyledon cell wall is thin, all of which are full of aleurone particles.

growing environment

Born in open land, hillside forest edge or sparse forest below 2 100 meters above sea level; Garden houses are often cultivated. [1] Calligonum mongolicum has strong adaptability to the environment, drought resistance, cold resistance and poor soil resistance. Like sunshine, it grows mostly in valleys, streams, roadsides or wet hillsides and hills below 1000 meters above sea level. Often mixed with other evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved trees. If the soil is deep, fertile and moist, it can grow rapidly.

distribution range

Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. India, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and northern Myanmar are also distributed. [1] Calligonum mongolicum is widely distributed. It can be found in the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin in China. Japan, North Korea and Russia also increased.