History of cytogenetics

Early cytogenetics mainly studied the chromosome basis of genetic phenomena such as segregation, recombination, linkage and exchange, as well as the genetic effects of chromosome aberration and ploidy changes, and involved the genetic and cytological basis of apomixis, parthenogenesis and meiosis. Later, some branches of disciplines were derived and the research content was further expanded.

At the end of 19, shortly after Mendel's law was rediscovered, American cytologist Sutton and German experimental embryologist Boveri discovered the parallel relationship between chromosome behavior and genetic factor behavior in the process of meiosis of plant and animal germ cells, and thought that the genetic factor envisaged by Mendel was on the chromosome, which is the so-called Sutton-Boveri hypothesis or genetic chromosome theory.

During the period of1901~1911,American cytologists McClane, Stevens and Wilson successively found that females of Orthoptera and Hemiptera have one more chromosome than males, thus revealing the relationship between sex and chromosomes.

From 1902 to 19 10, batson, a British geneticist, extended Mendel's law to chickens, rabbits and plants such as sweet peas, and created a series of genetic terms: inheritance, homogeneous combination, heterogeneous combination, allele, mutual attraction and repulsion, which laid the foundation of Mendel's genetics.

19 10 From the mid-1920s, American geneticists Morgan, bridges and Sturtevant took Drosophila as research materials, replaced mutual attraction and repulsion with clearer concepts of linkage and exchange, developed a gene location method based on three-point test, and confirmed the linear arrangement of genes in chromosome work, thus establishing a genetic chromosome theory. Cytogenetics has developed rapidly on this basis.