List recommendation: 10 must-read classics of Chinese studies.

Sinology is the essence of China's traditional culture, which has great influence on China's politics, economy, military and other aspects, and plays an important role in inheriting civilization, enhancing national cohesion and reviving the Chinese nation. China cultural classics are the best, most essential and most valuable model works in China culture. They are the cultural products of time elutriation and historical precipitation. The following is recommended by the book list: 10 must-read classics of Chinese studies.

1, Analects of Confucius

The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucian school, which was compiled by Confucius' disciples and their descendants. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, logical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. It is also called "Four Books and Five Classics" with Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, Mencius, The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Yijing and Chunqiu. There are twenty popular Analects of Confucius.

2. Tao Te Ching

Tao Te Ching, also known as Laozi, was compiled by the Taoist school during the Warring States Period and recorded the theory of Laozi, a thinker at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. It is a book written by China's ancient pre-Qin philosophers before their separation. It was highly praised by the philosophers at that time and was an important source of Taoist philosophy. Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The first part of the original work is the Tao Te Ching, and the second part is the Tao Te Ching, which is divided into 8 1 chapters. This is the first complete philosophical work in the history of China.

3. Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi is a collection of works of Zhuangzi School and an important classic of Taoism. There are thirty-three articles in Zhuangzi, which are divided into internal articles, external articles and miscellaneous articles. It is generally believed that Zhuangzi wrote internal articles, while Zhuang Zhou's disciples and later scholars wrote external articles and essays. Zhuangzi, a famous Zhou, was a native of Shangqiu, Henan Province in the middle of the Warring States Period. He was once a small official in charge of the lacquer garden. He pursues spiritual freedom and regards fame and fortune as dirt and rotten rats. The King of Qi admired him very much and sent messengers to hire him with a large sum of money. Zhuang Zhou replied that he would rather play freely in a dirty ditch than be bound by the authorities and refuse to be hired.

4. Mencius

Mencius' name and font size were not recorded in ancient books before the Han Dynasty, but after the Cao Wei Jin Dynasty, three different font sizes appeared, namely, Ziche, Viscount and Yuzi, which may be attached by future generations, but they may not be credible. People from Zoucheng, Shandong. When I arrived in Shandong at the age of fifteen or sixteen, there was a saying that I worshipped Confucius' grandson Sisi. Mencius was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China and a representative of Confucianism in the Warring States Period. He is the author of Mencius. It is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius and his disciples. Inherited and carried forward Confucius' thought, became a generation of Confucian masters second only to Confucius, and was known as "the sage of Asia", and was called "Confucius and Mencius" together with Confucius.

5. Mozi

Mozi, named Zhai (dí), Huaxia nationality, Tengguoren. He was the founder of Mohism and a famous thinker and educator in the Warring States period. Mozi's ancestors were Song people. Mozi founded Mohism, which had a great influence in the pre-Qin period and was called "outstanding learning" with Confucianism. Mozi is the only philosopher in history who was born as a farmer and had great influence. Historical materials about Mozi's life story were collected by his disciples, and the book Mozi was handed down from generation to generation. He put forward the views of universal love, mutual non-aggression, Shang Xian, natural wisdom, evil spirits, "non-fate", non-happiness, frugal burial and so on. Take universal love as the core, frugality and sage as the fulcrum. Mozi founded a set of scientific theories with outstanding achievements in geometry and physics in the pre-Qin period. At that time, a hundred schools of thought contended and were called "non-Confucian Jimo". After Mozi's death, Mohism was divided into three schools: Xiangri Chi Mo, Xiangfumo and Denglingmo.

6. Xunzi

Xunzi (about 3 13- 238 BC), Ming Qing, was born in Huaxia (Han nationality) and Zhao at the end of the Warring States Period. A famous thinker, writer and politician, he was honored as "Xun Qing". It was also called in the Western Han Dynasty because it avoided the taboo of Emperor Gaozu, and because the two words "Xun" and "Sun" had the same ancient sound. He served as a drinking ceremony for Xia Ji Gong Xue in Qi State for three times, and was later ordered by Chu Lanling.

Xunzi developed Confucianism. On the issue of human nature, he advocated the theory of evil nature, advocated that human nature was evil, denied the innate moral concept, and emphasized the influence of acquired environment and education on people. His theory is often compared with Mencius' theory of good nature by later generations, and Xunzi has also made considerable contributions to sorting out Confucian classics.

7. "Everything is done"

Han Fei (about 280 BC-233 BC) was a famous thinker and representative of legalist thought at the end of the Warring States Period in Han Dynasty. Be honored as Han Feizi or Chinese characters. The son of Hanwang (the Korean monarch at the end of the Warring States Period) and the student of Xunzi.

As a representative of the Legalist school of Qin, he was highly appreciated by Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, but was jealous by Reese and others, and finally he was jailed and killed. He is considered to be one of the two people who can best absorb the essence of Laozi's thought (the other is Zhuang Zhou). He is the author of Everything is Wrong, with 55 articles,100000 words. It is unique in the prose of pre-Qin philosophers, which shows that Han Fei attaches great importance to materialism and utilitarianism and actively advocates the theory of absolute monarchy, with the aim of providing autocratic monarchs with the hegemonic thought of Qiang Bing, a rich country.

8. The Art of War

Sun Tzu's Art of War, also known as Sun Wu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Wu's Art of War, etc. It is the earliest existing military work in China and the earliest military work in the world, and is known as the "sacred book of military science". The philosophy of Taoism and military strategists is everywhere. * * * about six thousand words, one article * * * thirteen articles.

Sun Tzu's Art of War is a brilliant treasure in China's ancient military cultural heritage and an important part of excellent traditional culture. Its content is profound, its thought is profound, and its logic is rigorous, which is the concentrated embodiment of the essence of ancient military thought. The author is Sun Wu, whose ancestral home is Le 'an, Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, and a general of Wu.

Sun Tzu's Art of War is regarded as a classic of military strategists. It has a history of 2500 years since its birth, and it has been studied in all dynasties. Li Shimin said, "Look at the art of war, there is no Sun Wu". Sun Tzu's art of war is a strategy, and strategy is not a trick, but a grand strategy and great wisdom. Today, Sun Tzu's art of war has gone global. It has also been translated into many languages and occupies an important position in the world military history. Bamboo slips of Sun Tzu's Art of War unearthed in Linyi.

9. Zuozhuan

The full name of Zuozhuan is Chunqiu Zuozhuan, which is one of the thirteen Confucian classics. Zuo Zhuan is not only a historical masterpiece of ancient Han nationality, but also a literary masterpiece. Zuo Zhuan is China's first detailed chronicle work. According to legend, it was compiled by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of the State of Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, according to the History of the State of Lu. The narrative scope began in the year of Luyin (722 BC) and ended in the twenty-seventh year of Lu Aigong.

10, Song of the South

During the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan, a poet of the State of Chu, created a new poetry genre-Chu Ci-in Chu language on the basis of southern folk songs. Qu Yuan's lyric poem Li Sao has a romantic style and is a masterpiece of Chu Ci, so Chu Ci is also called Li Sao Style.

Eight classics of Chinese studies

1, "Thousands of poems, prodigy poems, celebrities' collections, enriched by good writing"

Filial piety to parents, doing good deeds and accumulating virtues, cherishing time and studying hard reflect its unique cultural charm and ideological value.

"Poems of a Thousand Families" selects famous works widely circulated among the people; Selected Poems of a Prodigy mainly compiles some poems of a prodigy Wang Zhu, while Collection of Celebrities and Essays for Glory are collections of literary quotations and rhyming proverbs.

The court is Tian Shelang, and at dusk it is the palace of the son of heaven. There are no seeds at home, and men should be self-reliant. -Wang Zhu's "Poetry of a Wonder"

But doing good deeds is the future of Mo Wen. People are not as good as the sky, and flowers are not as good as the sky. -"Celebrity Collection"

Sometimes there must be something in life, and there is no need to force it in life. -"Augmented Sage"

This book works insight into social life with wise thinking, and reflects profound life truth with easy-to-understand language. Through concise poems and proverbs, let us know how to cherish time and work hard when we are young. You should know how to be filial to your parents and live in harmony with your brothers in life. When encountering difficulties, we should keep an optimistic and positive attitude.

2. Disciples' Rules, Three-character Classics, Hundred Family Names and Thousand-character Works

Known as the "pocket encyclopedia", it covers the philosophy and wisdom of dealing with people.

Three-character classics, hundreds of surnames and thousands of characters, collectively called "Three Thousand", are famous textbooks for ancient enlightenment education.

Disciple's rules, sage's training, first filial piety, second faith; Love the masses, but learn literature if you are kind and spare no effort. -"Disciples Rules"

At the beginning of life, human nature is good and similar, far from learning from each other. If you don't teach, it is natural and moving, and the way of teaching is expensive. -"Saint Amethyst"

The world is mysterious and the universe is vast. The sun and the moon are full, and Chen Su is on the list. Cold comes and summer goes, autumn harvests and winter storage, leaping into old age, and rhythmically adjusting yang. -"Thousand Characters"

3. "The revelation of melody, the rhyme of Li Weng"

It is said to be "the best enlightenment textbook in the world"

This book is a bound edition of Rhythm Enlightenment by Che, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, and Duiyun by Li Yu, a dramatist.

When children are familiar with these sentences, they can subtly master the rhymes and rhythms, and naturally understand the antithesis of Pingping. Later, when they learn to make couplets and poems, they can do it easily.

Half a brook is green, and thousands of trees are red. -"Enlightenment of Temperament"

Zhu Xiang contains smoke, and the gauze cage under the waist is tortoise shell; Begonia after the rain, tears wet rouge face. -"Li Weng Duyun"

Li Weng's "Enlightenment of Rhythm" is an enlightening reading used by people to train children to cope with and learn to write modern poems, so as to be familiar with antithesis, rhyme, organize words and master rhyme. The book also quotes a lot of allusions and legends, which contains rich historical and cultural knowledge. Many of these allusions have certain educational and warning significance, conform to China's traditional ethics, and have a far-reaching impact on children's growth.

4. The Analects of Confucius, Universities and the Doctrine of the Mean (Exquisite Edition)

A collection of Confucian classics, which expounds the core ideas of Confucian philosophy and brings together chapters of learning and inheritance.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu combined The Great Learning, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and The Doctrine of the Mean into four books.

Half of the Analects of Confucius governs the world. -Zhao Pu, a politician in the Northern Song Dynasty

As the first of the four books, Daxue is an important ideological carrier of Confucianism. Confucianism, as the legal basis of China's traditional politics, played an important role in the construction of China's ancient clean government culture, which had a far-reaching impact.

How about seeing Si Qi? See Si Qi for introspection. -"The Analects of Confucius, Establishing Man"

The way of university is to be moral, to be close to the people and to stop at perfection. Zhi Zhi then decided: calm down first and then be quiet; Be quiet before you can be safe; Worry first; Think about it before you take it. -"University"

Learning is close to knowledge, doing is close to benevolence, and knowing shame is close to courage. -the golden mean

The Analects of Confucius The Doctrine of the Mean develops Confucianism, discusses the philosophical categories such as Tao, reason, heart, honesty, benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom, and puts forward a philosophical system with reason as the category. The Analects of Confucius reflects Confucius' thoughts. "University" is "the gateway for beginners to enter Germany"; The Doctrine of the Mean is an important work of "Confucius teaches the heart".

5. Notes on Confucius' Family Language Translation (Exquisite Edition)

It embodies Confucius' thoughts of benevolence, propriety and virtue.

Family Instructions for Confucius, also known as Family Instructions for Confucius, is a book that records the thoughts, words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples.

Confucius believes that a person should not only know how to be friendly and love others, but also always reflect on himself, get rid of his inner distractions and selfish desires, and standardize his words and deeds in order to conform to the norms of social etiquette.

Therefore, the so-called benevolent people in the world can be the closest relatives of world cooperation; The so-called wise men in the world can raise wise men in the world. -"Confucius Family Language Wang Yan"

This book is an important reference for studying Confucius' life and thoughts, and it is also an important basis for us to know the true image of Confucius in history. Most of the contents in the book have strong narrative and high literary value. In addition, many stories in the book and many philosophical languages of Confucius have profound reference significance for us.

6. Mencius' Notes (Exquisite Edition)

Known as "the masterpiece of Confucianism, the peak of traditional prose writing."

Mencius (about 372 BC-about 289 BC) was born in Shandong. A great thinker, educator and representative of Confucianism in the Warring States period. He inherited and developed Confucius' thought, and called it "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Later generations posthumous title Mencius was regarded as an "Asian sage" and respected him as an "Asian sage".

This book * * * is a compilation of Mencius' remarks during the Warring States Period, which records Mencius' arguments with other hundred schools of thought, his words and deeds to his disciples, and his lobbying to the vassals. It was compiled by Mencius and his disciples (Zhang Wan and others). ).

Mencius was good at arguing and thinking, and discussed many issues such as human nature, life, society and politics. It tells us to always remember to maintain good moral character, to cultivate ourselves through introspection, to carry forward the goodness in human nature, to be a kind, honest, diligent and cultured person, and to dare to dig out our own shortcomings and correct them.

Without rules, there would be no Fiona Fang.

Yes, and then know the weight; Degree, then know the length.

People can do it without doing it, and they can do it after doing it. People can only make a difference if they don't do it.

-Mencius

This book records Mencius' thoughts on governing the country, his political views (the debate between benevolence and Wang Ba, people-oriented, people-oriented, monarch as the second priority, monarch as the second priority) and his political actions. Written in the mid-Warring States period, it is a Confucian classic. His theoretical starting point is the theory of good nature and advocates the rule of virtue.

7. Xunzi Notes (Fine Edition)

Xunzi is the work of Xun Kuang, a famous materialist thinker at the end of the Warring States Period. The content is very rich and profound, which is a summary of the academic achievements in the pre-Qin period.

This book tells us that we should always maintain a dialectical attitude towards things, learn from others' excellent qualities, restrain and cultivate ourselves through others' teaching, correct the "evil" in human nature through acquired efforts, educate others through our own moral influence, and be a good thinker, diligent in self-cultivation and good at learning from each other's strengths.

If you are not me, you are my teacher; It's me. So is my friend. Those who flatter me are thieves. -"Xunzi, cultivate one's morality"

Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. -"Xunzi, Encourage Learning"

There are 32 articles in this book, which is a summary of Xunzi's thoughts. Its content aims to summarize the contention of a hundred schools of thought and Xunzi's academic thought at that time, and reflect Xunzi's materialistic view of nature, epistemology and ethics, politics and economic thought.

8. Interpretation of Tao Te Ching

A masterpiece called "the king of all classics"

Tao Te Ching is a philosophical work of Laozi (Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period. It is one of the greatest works in the history of China and an important source of Taoist philosophy, which has had a far-reaching influence on China's philosophy, science, politics and religion.

According to the statistics of UNESCO, the Tao Te Ching is the most widely translated and published cultural masterpiece except the Bible.

Tao Te Ching, the representative work of Laozi's thought, is like an inexhaustible Jing Quan, full of treasures and ready to go. -Nietzsche

Tao Te Ching should care about managing the body and the country. Governing the country is one of Shang Hua's great regrets. He doesn't say enough and teaches by doing nothing. Manage the body a little less selfish and lustful, and serve with an open mind and a solid stomach. -Tang Xuanzong

Heaven and earth are ruthless, and everything is a grass dog; Saints are ruthless and treat people like pigs.

Kindness is like water, and water is good for all things, and there is no dispute. -Tao Te Ching

Tao Te Ching covers philosophy, ethics, politics, military science and many other disciplines. , and was respected by future generations as a treasure house of governing the country, managing the family, cultivating oneself and doing research. It had a profound influence on China's philosophy, science, politics and religion, and embodied the world outlook and outlook on life of the ancient people in China.