What are the characteristics of African black dance?

First of all, a strong sense of rhythm is one of the outstanding features of African black dance music. Their sensitivity to rhythm is unmatched by any country's dance art. This rhythm can be said to be the vocalization of dance movements. "The ideological basis of any basic music is the consistency of action and sound motivation, first of all, the consistency of beat and rhythm motivation." The rhythm of this music is extremely complicated. The most typical rhythm is highly developed beat alternation and rhythm alternation. In the dances of all ethnic groups in Africa, everyone can see the close relationship between rhythm and movement. For example, the "Sekpere" dance of Nandom people in northern Ghana, the music is played by xylophone, and the rhythm part is played by drums, bells, castanets and dancers themselves. But the transition signals between each group of dances are combined by the responsible rhythm lines. In Zhuo Yi people's "Eszenyi" dance, the action depends on the rhythm line of the song, not the percussion instrument accompanying the song, and it repeats with the repetition of the song. The Agbeko dance of Luoan-Ewe people in Ghana includes various dance steps, each step is guided by the beat of the leading drum, with appropriate rhythm and sound mode, and continues with this sound mode. Each sound pattern is repeated many times without interruption, and another set of movements is used to connect with the next sound pattern, so that the dancer can reach a new starting point and prepare to jump to the next step. All the above dances need to be mastered by the actors in the rehearsal before the performance; There are many improvisations in some dances, and dancers can process the basic movements differently, but they should be consistent with the rhythm line played by the main drummer or other instrumental musicians, because the whole dance is dominated by this rhythm line. It can be seen that drums play an important role in leading the rhythm of dance music in black Africa. It determines the rhythm of dance, and also determines the style and characteristics of dance. There are hundreds of drums used in African black dance performances: wooden drums, water drums, war drums, gourd drums and so on. During the performance

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Small drums can be held in hand, and big drums should be played by people standing on stools. Bells and other decorations are often decorated around the drum, which enhances the rhythm of dance music.

Strong sense of rhythm is another feature of African black dance music. Their movements are rough and powerful, and their feelings are intense. They are good at expressing their feelings with exaggerated body movements. Dancers often shake their heads violently, heave their chests, bend over, swing their hips, twist their hips, shake their hands and feet, stamp their feet and so on. Zulu people in southern Africa express their feelings with strong leg rhythm by "stamping dance"; In the Dia dance of Fula people in Ghana, each dancer wears a buzzer on his right ankle and holds a sword in his right hand. When singing, the singer stomps the ground with his right foot on the strong beat of the music and treads lightly with his left foot on the weak beat. When your right foot hits the ground, your body leans slightly to the right, and then the racquet swings to the left. Dances that express rhythm with leg movements include "tap dance" and "step dance" (Soto nationality). In the "Enyingduogu" dance of Dagomba people in Ghana, abdominal muscles are mainly used, while the Lobi people in Ghana emphasize the movements of the upper body, which can rotate or move the shoulders up and down, and can also stretch the chest with some arm movements and shoulder tightening and relaxation movements. There is also a dance similar to the Nigerian Carabali, in which the buttocks have all kinds of subtle movements. Therefore, the strong sense of rhythm brought by this large-scale body movements has become another feature of African black dance music.

Group and imitation are common forms of African black dance, which embodies the characteristics of African black dance music with local flavor. In their dance, we rarely see the form of solo dance, and the content reflected in the dance is closely related to people's lives. Dancers often perform in semicircles, circles or rows, and their movements mainly imitate activities such as farming, hunting and war. An explorer described Congo's war dance like this: "A thousand heads are like a head. At first, they all rose at the same time, looking high-spirited, and then they hung down at the same time.

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Dancers play an important role in African black dance music, and sometimes they can decide the length of the dance music. Another important part of music is to let dancers cultivate their feelings. The overture plays such a role. Musicians often use a preface or a group at the beginning of a performance.

This kind of songs achieve the purpose of cultivating feelings. Overture songs can be sung at a free rhythm, accompanied by one or two musical instruments without ensemble, or an instrumental prelude without vocal introduction. In places where xylophone is used to accompany dances in northwest Ghana, a short prelude is usually played with xylophone before the main dance. Similarly, Jobi formed a large xylophone band and started the "Ngodo" dance under the introduction of the band. You can also use the combination of vocal music and instrumental music as an introduction. For example, the Akon people's "Cailletet" dance, the prologue can be composed of one or two soloists, alternately joined by flute ensemble. This alternation of human voice and flute continued until the lead singer introduced the chorus.

In a word, music and dance are closely related in African black dance music. Music creates an appropriate atmosphere or mood for dance, which can inspire dancers to express the strong wishes of performers with expressive movements. Dance expresses the content of music, and the two complement each other, which finally makes people deeply feel the unique charm of African black dance music!