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Aluminum alloy Overview

Aluminum alloy is a kind of non-ferrous metal structural material which is most widely used in industry, and it has been used in a large number of applications in aviation, aerospace, automobile, machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding and chemical industry. With the rapid development of science and technology as well as industrial economy in recent years, the demand for aluminum alloy welded structural parts is increasing, so that the weldability of aluminum alloy research is also in-depth. The wide application of aluminum alloy promotes the development of aluminum alloy welding technology, and at the same time, the development of welding technology expands the application field of aluminum alloy, so the welding technology of aluminum alloy is becoming one of the hot spots of research. The density of pure aluminum is small (ρ=2.7g/m3), about 1/3 of iron, low melting point (660℃), aluminum is face-centered cubic structure, so it has high plasticity (δ:32-40%, ψ:70-90%), easy to process, can be made into a variety of profiles, plates. Corrosion resistance is good; but the strength of pure aluminum is very low, the annealed state σb value is about 8kgf/mm2, so it is not suitable for structural materials. Through long-term production practice and scientific experiments, people gradually to add alloying elements and the use of heat treatment and other methods to strengthen aluminum, which has obtained a series of aluminum alloys. Adding certain elements to form the alloy in maintaining the advantages of pure aluminum lightweight at the same time can also have a high strength, σb value of up to 24 ~ 60kgf/mm2, which makes its "specific strength" (strength and specific gravity of the ratio of σb / ρ) outperforms a lot of alloy steel, an ideal structural material, widely used in machinery manufacturing, It is widely used in machinery manufacturing, transportation machinery, power machinery and aviation industry, etc. The fuselage, skin and pressurizer of an aircraft are often made of aluminum alloy to reduce self-weight. Aluminum alloy is used to replace the welding of steel plate materials, and the weight of the structure can be reduced by more than 50%. Aluminum alloy density is low, but the strength is relatively high, close to or more than high-quality steel, good plasticity, can be processed into a variety of profiles, with excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, widely used in industry, the amount of use is second only to steel. Aluminum alloy is divided into two categories: casting aluminum alloy, used in the cast state; deformed aluminum alloy, can withstand pressure processing, mechanical properties higher than the cast state. Can be processed into a variety of forms, specifications of aluminum alloy material. Mainly used in the manufacture of aerospace equipment, daily necessities, building doors and windows. Aluminum alloy can be divided into deformed aluminum alloy and cast aluminum alloy according to the processing method. Deformed aluminum alloys are divided into non-heat-treatable reinforced aluminum alloys and heat-treatable reinforced aluminum alloys. Non-heat-treatable reinforced aluminum alloys cannot be heat-treated to improve mechanical properties, and can only be strengthened by cold-working deformation, which mainly includes high-purity aluminum, industrial high-purity aluminum, industrial pure aluminum, and rust-resistant aluminum. Heat-treatable reinforced aluminum alloys can be quenched and aging and other heat treatment means to improve mechanical properties, which can be divided into duralumin, wrought aluminum, super-hard aluminum and special aluminum alloys. Some aluminum alloys can be heat treated to obtain good mechanical properties, physical properties and corrosion resistance. Casting aluminum alloy according to the chemical composition can be divided into aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloys, of which aluminum-silicon alloy and simple aluminum-silicon alloy (can not be strengthened by heat treatment, mechanical properties of the lower casting properties), special aluminum-silicon alloy (can be strengthened by heat treatment, mechanical properties of the higher casting properties, good performance), Xiangyun Torch 2008 Beijing Olympic Games torch! "Xiangyun" material is aluminum alloy.

Pure aluminum products

Pure aluminum smelting products and pressure-processed products in two categories, the former expressed in chemical composition Al, the latter with the Hanyu Pinyin LU (aluminum, industrial). Aircraft all kinds of aircraft are aluminum alloy as the main structural material. The skins, beams, ribs, trusses, spacer frames and landing gears on aircraft can be made of aluminum alloy. The amount of aluminum used in an aircraft varies according to its purpose. Focusing on economic benefits of civil aircraft due to the cheap price of aluminum alloy and a large number of use, such as Boeing 767 passenger aircraft using aluminum alloy accounted for about 81% of the weight of the fuselage structure. Military aircraft due to the requirement of good combat performance and relatively reduce the amount of aluminum, such as the maximum flight speed of Mach 2.5 F-15 high-performance fighter aircraft using only 35.5% aluminum alloy Some aluminum alloys have good low-temperature performance, in the -183 ~ -253 [2oc] under the non-cold brittle, can be in the environment of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen work, and it is with concentrated nitric acid and metamethylhydrazine does not have a chemical reaction, has a good It does not react with concentrated nitric acid and meta-hydrazine, has good welding performance, so it is a good material for making liquid rockets. The fuel tanks, oxidizer tanks, inter-tank sections, inter-stage sections, tail sections and instrument compartments of all stages of the Saturn 5 launch vehicle, which launched the Apollo spacecraft, are made of aluminum alloy. The crew cabin, forward fuselage, middle fuselage, aft fuselage, drogue, flaps, lifting aileron and horizontal tail of the space shuttle are all made of aluminum alloy. Various artificial Earth satellites and space probes are also the main structural materials are aluminum alloy

Forging repair process

Repair is an important part of the aluminum alloy die forging process. Due to the aluminum alloy at high temperatures, soft, sticky, poor fluidity, easy to stick to the mold and produce a variety of surface defects (folding, burrs, cracks, etc.), in the next process, it must be polished, bruising, surface defects clean, otherwise in the subsequent process the defects will be further expanded, and even caused by the scrapping of the forging. Repair wound with tools such as wind turbine, wind milling cutter, electric milling cutter and flat shovel. Before repairing the first corrosion to check the defective parts, repairing the wound should be smooth transition, its width should be 5 to 10 times the depth.

Pressure machining aluminum alloy

Aluminum alloy pressure machining products are divided into rust (LF), hard (LY), forging (LD), super-hard (LC), cladding (LB), special (LT) and brazing (LQ) and other seven categories. Commonly used aluminum alloy material state for annealing (M stewing), hardening (Y), hot rolling

Aluminum

Aluminum and aluminum alloy processed into a certain shape of the material collectively referred to as aluminum, including plates, strips, foils, tubes, rods, wires, profiles and so on.

Aluminum alloy sheet

1. Aluminum composite panel Aluminum composite panel is a new type of material which is made of 3003 aluminum-manganese alloy, 5005 aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet as surface, PE plastic as core layer, and polymer bonding film composite after a series of process. It not only retains the main characteristics of the original constituent materials (aluminum alloy plate, non-metallic polyethylene plastic), but also overcomes the shortcomings of the original constituent materials, and thus obtains many excellent material properties. Product characteristics: colorful decorative, weather resistance, corrosion resistance, resistance to impact, fire, moisture, sound insulation, heat insulation, seismic, lightweight, easy processing and molding, easy to carry and install and other characteristics. Aluminum composite panel specifications: Thickness: 3mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm Width: 1220mm, 1500mm Length: 1000mm, 2440mm, 3000mm, 6000mm Aluminum composite panel standard size: 1220*2440mm Aluminum composite panel use: can be applied to the curtain wall, internal and external walls, foyer, hotels, stores, conference rooms, etc. Decorative outside, but also can be used for the reconstruction of old buildings, as a counter, as well as a new building, as a counter, as well as a new building. It can also be used for the remodeling of old buildings, as counters, furniture surfaces, and the internal and external walls of vehicles. 2. Aluminum veneer Aluminum veneer are processed with high quality aluminum alloy from world famous enterprises, and then refined by surface spraying U.S. PPG, or Akzo PVDF fluorocarbon baking varnish, aluminum veneer mainly consists of panels, reinforcing ribs, lugs and other components. Aluminum veneer features: lightweight, good rigidity, high strength, non-combustibility, fire resistance, good processing technology, color selectivity, excellent decorative effect, easy to recycle, environmental protection. Aluminum veneer applications: architectural curtain walls, columns and beams, balconies, partition cladding, interior decoration, advertising signage, vehicles, furniture, booths, instrument housings, subway marine tools and so on. 3.Aluminum honeycomb panel Aluminum honeycomb panel adopts composite honeycomb structure, choosing high-quality 3003H24 alloy aluminum plate or 5052AH14 high manganese alloy aluminum plate as the substrate, and aluminum alloy honeycomb core material composite molding. Aluminum honeycomb panels provide architects with a wealth of choices from panel materials, shapes, seams, mounting systems to colors and surface treatments, and are capable of displaying a wealth of roofing performance effects with excellent design freedom. It is a new material with convenient construction, ideal comprehensive performance, and remarkable heat preservation effect, and its excellent performance attracts people's attention. Aluminum honeycomb panels do not have standard size, all panels are made to order by the factory according to the design drawings, and are widely used in the field of building exterior wall decoration (especially suitable for high-rise buildings), interior wall ceiling, wall partition, door and thermal insulation compartments, billboards and so on. This product will inject green, environmental protection and energy saving into our building materials market. 4. Aluminum honeycomb perforated sound-absorbing ceiling panels Aluminum honeycomb perforated sound-absorbing ceiling panels are constructed with perforated aluminum alloy panels and perforated backboards, relying on high-quality adhesive and aluminum honeycomb core directly bonded into an aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure, with a layer of sound-absorbing cloth pasted between the honeycomb core and panels and backboards. Due to the honeycomb aluminum honeycomb panels within the honeycomb core separated into a multitude of closed chambers, preventing the air flow, so that the sound waves are impeded, improve the sound absorption coefficient (can reach more than 0.9), while improving the strength of the panels themselves, so that the size of a single panel can be made larger, and further increase the degree of freedom of design. According to the indoor acoustic design, different perforation rate design, within a certain range to control the sound absorption coefficient of the combined structure, not only to achieve the design effect, but also to reasonably control the cost. By controlling the perforation aperture, hole distance, and can change the perforation rate according to the customer's requirements, the maximum perforation rate <30%, the aperture is generally used # 2.0, # 2.5, # 3.0 and other specifications, the back panel perforation requirements are the same as the panel, the sound-absorbing cloth using high-quality non-woven fabric and other acoustic materials. Applicable to the subway, theater, radio, television, textile factories and manic sound exceeding the standard factory and gymnasiums and other large-scale public **** building sound-absorbing wall panels, ceiling panels.

[edit]Casting Aluminum Alloy

Casting Aluminum Alloy (ZL) according to the composition of aluminum other than the main elements of silicon, copper, magnesium, zinc is divided into four categories, the code code for 100, 200, 300, 400. In order to obtain a variety of shapes and sizes of high-quality precision castings, used for casting aluminum alloys generally have the following characteristics. (1) good mobility to fill the narrow part of the slots (2) have a lower melting point than the general metal, but can meet the requirements of a great part of the situation (3) good thermal conductivity, the heat of molten aluminum can be quickly transferred to the casting molds, casting cycle is shorter (4) hydrogen in the melt and other harmful gases can be processed to get effective control (5) aluminum alloy casting, there is no tendency to thermal brittle cracking and tearing (6) chemical (6) good chemical stability, corrosion resistance (7) not easy to produce surface defects, casting surface has a good surface finish and gloss, and easy to surface treatment (8) casting aluminum alloy processing performance is good, can be used in compression molds, hard molds, raw sand and dry sand molds, molten gypsum casting molds for casting production, but also can be used in vacuum casting, low-pressure and high-pressure casting, squeeze casting, semi-solid casting, centrifugal casting, etc., shaping methods to produce different uses, different varieties of specifications

[edit]High-strength aluminum alloy

High-strength aluminum alloy refers to its tensile strength greater than 480 MPa aluminum alloy, mainly pressure-processed aluminum alloys in the rust-proof aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloys, aluminum alloy, lithium alloy class.

[edit]Aluminum Alloy Defect Repair

Aluminum alloy is prone to casting defects such as shrinkage holes, sand holes, air holes and slag entrapment in the production process. How to repair aluminum alloy casting porosity and other defects? If you use electric welding, argon welding and other equipment to repair, due to the large amount of heat release, prone to thermal deformation and other side effects, can not meet the requirements of repair welding. Cold welding repair machine is the use of high-frequency electric spark instantaneous discharge, no heat buildup welding principle to repair casting defects. Due to the small heat affected area of cold welding, it will not cause annealing and deformation of the base material, and will not produce cracks, no hard spots, hardening phenomenon. And the fusion strength is high, the patch material and the substrate at the same time after the melting of the re-solidification, the combination of solid, can be grinding, milling, filing and other processing, dense and not fall off. Cold welding repair machine is the ideal method to repair aluminum alloy air holes, sand holes and other small defects.

[Edit Paragraph]Typical use of different grades of aluminum alloy

Typical use of aluminum alloy 1050 extruded coils for the food, chemical and brewing industries, a variety of hoses, fireworks powder 1060 requires high corrosion resistance and formability of the occasions, but the strength requirements are not high, the chemical industry is the typical use of the equipment 1100 used in the processing of parts and components that need to be good formability and high corrosion resistance, but does not require high strength. High strength is required for parts and components, such as chemical products, food industry devices and storage containers, sheet processing, deep drawing or spinning concave vessels, welded parts, heat exchangers, printed boards, nameplates, reflective devices 1145 Packaging and insulation foil, heat exchangers 1199 Electrolytic capacitor foils, optical reflective deposition film 1350 Electrical wires, electrically conductive stranded wire, busbars, transformer strips 2011 Screws and other parts requiring good cutting properties and machined products requiring good cutting properties 2014 Applications requiring high strength and hardness (including high temperatures). Aircraft heavy, forgings, thick plates and extrusions, wheels and structural elements, multi-stage rocket first-stage fuel tanks and spacecraft parts, truck frames and suspension parts 2017 The first 2XXX-series alloys to gain industrial application, and currently has a narrower range of applications, mainly rivets, general-purpose machine parts, structures and transportation vehicle structural components, propellers and accessories 2024 Aircraft structures, rivets, missile 2024 aircraft structure, rivets, missile components, truck hubs, propeller components and other structural parts 2036 automotive body sheet metal parts 2048 aerospace structural parts and weapons structural parts 2124 aerospace structural parts 2218 aircraft engines and diesel engine pistons, aircraft engine cylinder heads, jet engine impellers and compressor rings 2219 space rocket welding oxidizer tanks, supersonic aircraft skins and structural parts. The working temperature is -270~300℃. Good weldability, high fracture toughness, T8 state has a high resistance to stress corrosion cracking 2319 Welding rods and filler fluxes for welding pulling 2219 alloys 2618 Die forgings and free forgings. Pistons and aero-engine parts 2A01 Structural rivets with operating temperatures less than or equal to 100 ℃ 2A02 Axial pressurized blades of turbojet engines with operating temperatures of 200 ~ 300 ℃ 2A06 Aircraft structures with operating temperatures of 150 ~ 250 ℃ and structural rivets of aircraft with operating temperatures of 125 ~ 250 ℃ 2A10 Strength higher than that of 2A01 alloy for the manufacture of operating temperature Rivets for aircraft structures with operating temperature less than or equal to 100℃ 2A11 Medium-strength structural parts of aircraft, propeller blades, transportation tools and building structural parts. Aircraft medium-strength bolts and rivets 2A12 aircraft skins, spacer frames, wing ribs, wing beams, rivets, etc., construction and transportation tools structural parts 2A14 complex shape of free forgings and drop-forged parts 2A16 working temperature of 250 ~ 300 ℃ spacecraft parts, welding containers and airtight cockpit at room temperature and high temperature 2A17 working temperature of 225 ~ 250 ℃ aircraft parts 2A50 shape complex shape of free forging and die-forgings 2A16 working temperature 250 ~ 300 ℃ aerospace parts, welding containers and high temperature work in the room temperature and gas-tight cabin 2A17 working temperature 225 ~ 250 ℃ aircraft Parts 2A50 complex shape of medium strength parts 2A60 aircraft engine compressor wheel, guide wheel, fan, impeller, etc. 2A70 aircraft skin, aircraft engine piston, guide wheel, wheel, etc. 2A80 aero-engine compressor blades, impellers, pistons, rising ring and other parts with high operating temperature 2A90 aero-engine piston 3003 for processing needs to have good molding properties, high corrosion resistance weldable container and airtight cabin 3003 for processing the need to have good forming properties, high corrosion resistance, good weldability of parts and components, or both the requirements of these properties and the need to have a higher strength than the 1XXX system alloys, such as kitchenware, food and chemical product handling and storage devices, tanks and tanks for the transportation of liquid products, to sheet metal processing of a variety of pressure vessels and piping 3004 all-aluminum cans cans, the requirements of higher strength than the 3003 alloy parts, chemical production and storage devices, thin plate processing parts, construction Devices, sheet processing parts, construction processing parts, construction tools, various lamps and lanterns parts 3105 room partition, stalls, movable house boards, gutters and downpipes, sheet molding parts, bottle caps, corks, etc. 3A21 aircraft fuel tanks, oil piping, rivets and wires, etc.; construction materials and food and other industrial equipment, etc. 5005 and 3003 alloy is similar to the medium-strength with a good corrosion resistance. Used as conductors, cookware, instrument panels, shells and architectural decorative parts. Anodic oxidation film than 3003 alloy on the oxide film is brighter, and with 6063 alloy color coordination 5050 sheet can be used as a cold machine and refrigerator liner, automobile gas pipe, oil pipe and agricultural irrigation pipe; can also be processed thick plate, pipe, bar, shaped material and wire, etc. 5052 This alloy has good forming and processing performance, corrosion resistance, candleability, fatigue strength and moderate static strength, used in the manufacture of aircraft fuel tanks, fuel pipe, and other industrial equipment. Used in the manufacture of aircraft fuel tanks, fuel lines, and sheet metal parts for transportation vehicles and ships, instruments, streetlight brackets and rivets, hardware, etc. 5056 Magnesium alloy with cable sheathing rivets, zippers, nails, etc.; aluminum-coated wire is widely used in the processing of agricultural insect traps cover, and other occasions that require a high degree of corrosion resistance 5083 Used in occasions that require a high degree of corrosion resistance, good weldability, and moderate strength such as ships, automobiles, and aircraft sheet weldments. , automobiles and aircraft plate weldments; pressure vessels requiring strict fire protection, cooling devices, TV towers, drilling equipment, transportation equipment, missile components, armor, etc. 5086 Used in applications requiring high corrosion resistance, good weldability, and medium strength, such as ships, automobiles, aircraft, cryogenic equipment, TV towers, drilling devices, transportation equipment, and missile components and decks 5154 Welded Structures, Storage tanks, pressure vessels, ship structures and offshore facilities, transportation tanks 5182 Sheet used for processing can lids, automobile body panels, steering wheel, reinforcement, brackets and other parts 5252 Used in the manufacture of decorative parts with high strength, such as automobiles and other decorative parts. Bright and transparent oxide film after anodizing 5254 Containers for hydrogen peroxide and other chemicals 5356 Welding rods and wires for aluminum-magnesium alloys with a magnesium content of more than 3% 5454 Welding structures, pressure vessels, piping for offshore installations 5456 Armor plates, high-strength welded structures, storage tanks, pressure vessels, ship materials 5457 Decorative parts for automobiles and other equipment, polished and anodized 5652 Storage containers for hydrogen peroxide and other chemical products 5657 Decorative parts for automobiles and other equipment, polished and anodized, provided that in all cases it is ensured that the material has a fine grain structure 5A02 Fuel tanks and ducts for aircraft, welding wires, rivets, structural parts for ships 5A03 Medium-strength welded constructions, cold pressed parts, welded containers, welding wires, which may be used instead of alloy 5A02 5A05 Welded structural parts, aircraft skin skeleton 5A06 Welded structures, cold die forging parts, welding and pulling container force parts, aircraft skin bone parts 5A12 Welded structural parts, bulletproof deck 6005 Extruded profiles and tubes, used for the requirements of the structural parts of the strength of the 6063 alloy, such as ladders, TV antennas, etc. 6009 Automobile body plate 6010 Sheet: automobile body 6061 Requirements for a certain level of 6061 Requirements for a certain degree of strength, weldability and corrosion resistance of a variety of industrial structures, such as the manufacture of trucks, towers, ships, trams, furniture, machine parts, precision machining and other tubes, rods, shapes, plates 6063 construction profiles, irrigation pipe and for vehicles, platforms, furniture, fences, etc., with the use of extruded materials 6066 forgings and welded structural extrusion materials 6070 Heavy-duty welded structures and automotive industry, extrusion materials and tubes 6101 Gong ** high strength, welding and corrosion resistance of various industrial structures, such as ladders, TV antennas, etc. 6009 Automobile body plate 6010 Sheet: automobile body 6101 High-strength bars, electrical conductors and heat sinks for public **** automobiles, etc. 6151 Extruded materials for die forging of crankshaft parts, machine parts and production of rolled rings, for applications requiring good malleability, high strength and corrosion resistance 6201 High-strength electrically conductive bars and wires 6201 High-strength electrical conductive bars and wires 6201 High-strength electrical conductive bars and wires 6201 Extruded materials for use in heavy-duty welding structures and in the automotive industry 6201 High-strength electrical conductive bars and wire 6205 Extruded materials for heavy plate, treads and high-impact extruded components 6351 Extruded structural parts for vehicles, pipes for water, oil, etc. 6463 Building and various appliance profiles, as well as automotive decorative parts with bright surfaces after anodic oxidation treatment 6A02 Aircraft engine parts, forgings and drop-forgings of complex shapes 7005 Extruded materials for the manufacture of welded structures requiring both high strength and high fracture toughness, such as trusses for transportation vehicles. Structures, such as transportation vehicles, trusses, rods, containers; large heat exchangers, as well as welding can not be solid fusion treatment of parts; can also be used for the manufacture of sports equipment, such as tennis rackets and softball bats 7039 Refrigerated containers, cryogenic equipment and storage tanks, fire pressure equipment, military equipment, armor plate, missile devices 7049 used for forging static strength and the same as the 7079-T6 alloy, but also require high resistance to stress corrosion cracking High resistance to stress corrosion cracking courage parts, such as aircraft and missile parts - landing gear hydraulic cylinders and extrusions. The fatigue properties of the parts are roughly equal to those of 7075-T6 alloy, while the toughness is slightly higher 7050 Medium and thick plates, extrusions, free forgings and drop-forgings for structural parts of aircraft. Manufacture of such parts on the alloy requirements are: resistance to spalling corrosion, stress corrosion cracking ability, fracture toughness and fatigue resistance are high 7072 air-conditioner aluminum foils and ultra-thin strips; 2219, 3003, 3004, 5050, 5052, 5154, 6061, 7075, 7475, 7178 alloy plates and tubes of the cladding layer 7075 used in the manufacture of aircraft structures and Futures other requirements of high strength, corrosion resistance of high stress structural components, mold manufacturing 7175 used for forging aircraft with high strength structural. t736 material has a good overall performance, that is, the strength, resistance to peeling corrosion and resistance to stress corrosion cracking performance, fracture toughness, fatigue strength are high 7178 for the manufacture of aerospace aircraft requirements of compressive yield strength of high parts 7475 fuselage with the cladding aluminum Aluminum clad and unaluminum clad plates for fuselage, wing frames, trusses, etc. Other parts that require both high strength and high fracture toughness 7A04 aircraft skins, screws, and stressed components such as beam trusses, spacer frames, wing ribs, landing gear, etc.

[Edit Paragraph]Deformed Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Condition, Designation

1.Scope This standard specifies the state of the deformed aluminum alloy designation. This standard applies to aluminum and aluminum processing products. 2.Basic principles 2.1 basic state code with a capital letter of the English language. 2.2 Subdivision state code is expressed by one or more Arabic numerals after the basic state code. 2.3 Basic state code The basic state is divided into 5 kinds of code Name Description and application F Free processing state Applicable in the molding process, for the work hardening and heat treatment conditions without special requirements of the product, the state of the mechanical properties of the product is not specified. O Annealed condition Applies to processed products that have been completely annealed to obtain the minimum strength. H work-hardening condition Applies to the products to improve the strength through work-hardening, the product after work-hardening can be (or not) to make the strength of the additional heat treatment to reduce. W Solid Melt Heat Treatable Condition Processed Condition An unstable condition, applicable only to alloys that are naturally aged at room temperature after solid solution heat treatment, the condition code only indicates that the product is in the natural aging stage. T Heat-treated state (different from F, O, H states) Applies to products stabilized by work-hardening (or not) after heat treatment The T designation must be followed by one or more Arabic numerals. The first digit after the T designation indicates the basic type of heat treatment (from 1 to 10), and the subsequent digits indicate variations in heat treatment details. Such as 6061-T 62; 5083-H 343, etc.. T1 - from the molding temperature cooling and natural aging to a generally stable state. T2-Annealed condition (for castings only). T3-Natural aging after solution treatment. T31-Natural aging after solid solution treatment cold working (1%). T36-Natural aging after solid solution treatment cold working (6%). T37-Natural aging after solid solution treatment cold working (7%) for alloy 2219. T4-Natural aging after solid solution treatment. T41-Solid solution treatment followed by boiling water quenching. T411-Air cooling to room temperature after solid solution treatment, hardness between O and T6, low residual stress. T42-Natural aging after solution treatment. User-treated, suitable for alloy 2024, slightly lower strength than T4. T5-Artificial aging after cooling from molding temperature. T6-Artificial aging after solid solution treatment. T61-T41+artificial aging. T611-Solid solution treatment with boiling water quenching. T62-Artificial aging after solid solution treatment. T7-Solid solution treatment followed by stabilization. Improvement of dimensional stability, reduction of residual stresses and improvement of corrosion resistance. T72-Solid solution treatment followed by over-aging. T73-Graded aging after solid solution treatment, with lower strength than T6 and significantly higher corrosion resistance. T76-Graded aging after solid solution treatment. T8-Artificial aging after solid solution treatment cold working. T81-Cold working after solid solution treatment and artificial aging. To improve deformation and improve strength after solid solution treatment. T86-Cold working (6%) after solid solution treatment and artificial aging. T87-T37 + artificial aging. T9-Artificial aging and then cold working after solid solution treatment. T10-Cooling from molding temperature, artificial aging followed by cold working. Tx51-Tensile treatment for removing residual stresses after solid solution treatment. Permanent deformation of 0.5 to 3% for plates and 1 to 3% for bars and profiles. X stands for 3, 4, 6 or 8, e.g. T351, T451, T651, T851, for plates, drawn bars and wires, aging without any straightening after tensile stress relieving, T3510, T4510, T8510, for extruded profiles, straightening after tensile stress relieving in order to make the flatness conform to the tolerance, and aging. Tx52-Compression deformation to remove residual stresses after solution treatment, plastic deformation of 2.5% after solution treatment and aging, e.g. T352, T652. Tx53-Removal of thermal stresses. Tx54-Compression deformation for removing residual stresses after solution treatment of precision forgings. Machining of Aluminum Alloys Silicon has a corrosive effect on cemented carbides. Although aluminum alloys with more than 12% Si are generally referred to as high-silicon aluminum alloys, and the use of diamond tools is recommended, this is not absolute, and the gradual increase in silicon content gradually increases the destructive power of the tool. Therefore, some manufacturers recommend the use of diamond tools when the silicon content exceeds 8%. Silicon content of 8% -12% between the aluminum alloy is a transition zone, you can use ordinary carbide, you can also use diamond tools. However, the use of cemented carbide should be used by the PVD (physical coating) method, does not contain aluminum elements, the film thickness of the smaller tools. Because the PVD method and the small thickness of the film layer so that the tool to maintain a sharp cutting edge becomes possible (otherwise in order to avoid the film layer at the edge of the abnormal growth of the need for sufficient passivation of the edge, cutting aluminum alloy will not be sharp enough), and the film layer material containing aluminum may make the blade film layer and the workpiece material to occur in the affinity of cooperation and destruction of the film layer and the tool substrate of the combination. Because the current superhard coating is mostly a compound of aluminum, nitrogen, and titanium, it may cause chipping due to a small amount of flaking from the carbide matrix as the film layer peels off. It is recommended to use one of the following three types of cutters: 1. Ultra-fine grain carbide cutters without coating 2. Carbide cutters with un-aluminum plating (PVD) method, such as plating TiN, TiC, etc. 3. With diamond cutters Cutters should have a large chip space, generally recommended to be used with 2 teeth, and a large front angle and back angle (e.g., 12 ° - 14 °, including the back angle of the end teeth). If it is just general milling, you can use 45° main offset angle of the indexable face milling cutter with a special insert for machining aluminum alloys, it should work better. Aluminum oxide in 1808 in the laboratory using electrolysis also become aluminum, in 1884 that is used as a building material in the United States on the spire of the Washington Monument so far; Aluminum to join a variety of metal elements synthesized aluminum alloy materials have been widely used by the construction industry in all segments. Aluminum alloy commonly used sheet thickness: advanced metal roofing (and curtain wall) system is generally 0.8-1.2mm (while the traditional general to ≥ 2.5mm). Aluminum alloy surface treatment Aluminum alloy sheet according to the surface treatment can be divided into two categories of non-painted products and painted products. 1) Non-painted products (1) can be divided into hammered aluminum plate (irregular pattern), embossed plate (regular pattern) and pre-passivated aluminum oxide surface treatment plate. (2) These products do not have paint treatment on the surface of the plate, so they do not have high requirements for the appearance of the surface, and the price is also lower. 2) Painted products (1) Classification: according to the coating process can be divided into: spraying board products and pre-roller coating board; according to the type of paint can be divided into: polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, modified silicone, epoxy resin, fluorocarbon and so on. (2) A variety of coatings, the main performance difference is the resistance to sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, in which the most commonly used coating on the front side of the fluorocarbon paint (PVDF), its resistance to ultraviolet rays of the ability to be stronger; the back side of the choice of polyester or epoxy resin coatings as a protective varnish. In addition, a layer of removable protective film can be attached to the front side. 1.5 Main Technical Performance Requirements Parameter Name Indicator Requirements

Density (kg/m) 2705

Modulus of Elasticity (kN/cm) 6900

Thermal Conductivity [W/(m-°C)] 214

Longitudinal Thermal Expansion Coefficient (TEC) [mm/(m-°C)] 24×10

Melting Point (℃) 650

Note: Applicable to 3004 and 3015 aluminum-manganese-magnesium alloy Fluorocarbon aluminum plate has two kinds of fluorocarbon sprayed plate and fluorocarbon pre-roll coated aluminum plate. 1) Fluorocarbon spraying plate (1) Fluorocarbon spraying plate is divided into two-coating system, three-coating system and four-coating system, it is generally appropriate to use multi-layer coating system. Two-coat system: composed of 5-10μm fluorocarbon primer and 20-30μm fluorocarbon topcoat, the total thickness of the film layer should not be less than 35μm, which can only be used in ordinary environment. Three-coat system: composed of 5-10μm fluorocarbon primer, 20-30μm fluorocarbon color paint and 10-20μm fluorocarbon varnish, and the total thickness of the film layer should not be less than 45μm, which can be used in the environmentally adverse areas such as serious air pollution, industrial areas and coastal areas. Four-coat system: There are two kinds of four-coat system. One is when using large particles of aluminum powder pigment, it is necessary to add a 20μm fluorocarbon intermediate paint between the primer and the topcoat; the other is to add a polyamide and polyurethane*** mixed dense coating between the primer and the topcoat, to improve its corrosion resistance and to increase the service life of the fluorocarbon aluminum panels. Because the general fluorocarbon paint is a sponge structure with air holes, it cannot prevent the positive and negative ions in the air from free penetrating to the base of the metal plate. Therefore, this kind of coating system is more suitable for severe air pollution, industrial areas and coastal and other environmentally unfavorable areas. (2) Fluorocarbon baking paint curing: there should be a few coats on a few baking, so that each layer of baking paint is completely cured to form a good adhesion, corrosion resistance, resistance to fading, to avoid more coats less baking. (3) When choosing fluorocarbon baking varnish aluminum plate, the brand and main technical index of fluorocarbon varnish should be paid attention to, and the fluorine resin content should be ≥ 70%. 2) Fluorocarbon pre-roller coated aluminum (1) The design idea of pre-roller coated aluminum is to combine as many material advantages and process advantages as possible, minimize the quality factors influenced by human beings, and its quality is more guaranteed than that of fluorocarbon sprayed (baked) aluminum. (2) The content of fluorocarbon resin can be up to 80%. (3) Coating thickness is generally 25μm. Aluminum alloy history Alumina in 1808 in the laboratory using electrolysis also became aluminum in 1884 that is used as a building material in the United States on the spire of the Washington Monument so far; aluminum to join a variety of metal elements synthesized aluminum alloy materials have been widely used in various segments of the construction industry.