There are few information words about lamps.

Lamps and lanterns, lighting supplies, generally refer to electrical appliances that can illuminate. Ancient humans used torches for lighting, and later candles and oil lamps were available. In ancient times, "candle" was a kind of torch made of flammable materials, which was used to hold the lit torch and was called candle; Piles of fine grass and branches placed on the ground for lighting are called materials, those placed outside the door are called big candles, and those placed inside the door are called pavilion materials.

Lights and the origin of lights

When did the word lamp and lamp originate? Before the Warring States Period, no object named lamp was found, and the characters of lamp and candle were not found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty. Candles that appeared in people's daily life in the Western Zhou Dynasty should be the earliest records of lighting devices.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the candle should be a torch made of flammable materials. An unlit torch is generally called a torch, so it can be held and used for holding, and it is called a candle. Piles of fine grass and branches placed on the ground for lighting are called Liao; Candles placed outside the door are called big candles, and those placed inside the door are called palace candles.

The earliest existing lamps in China are from the Warring States Period. There are some records about blue paste and bright candles in the evocation of Chu Ci, and the stirrup is wrong, which shows that the name stirrup appeared in the Warring States period. In the Zhou Dynasty, stirrups began to be widely used, and elegant devices: pigeonpea means bean, bamboo bean means bean, and tile bean means bean.

The earliest lamps in China began in the Warring States Period, with relatively perfect structure and beautiful shape. Before that, the invention and evolution of lamps had been going on for quite a long time. During the Warring States period, the lamps were mainly bronze, which was mostly used by nobles. Because traditional pottery beans are no different, pottery lamps are often considered as pottery beans, but they are not classified as lamps. Jade lanterns are used in a stratified society, and exquisite modeling is a practical appliance in a stratified society. Except for a few multi-branch lamps, generally speaking, there are two kinds of multi-branch lamps (also known as tree lamps), which can be divided into doll lamps and imitation home lamps. The most representative is fifteen lamps, which are shaped like a lush tree and support fifteen lamps. The lamps are strewn at random, decorated with Youlong singing birds and playing with monkeys. The figurine lamp is the most representative of bronze lamps in the Warring States period. The figurines of these lamps are men and women, and most of them are very humble. Some people sit with their hands outstretched, and the lamps held by pottery figurines range from one to four, with two shapes: ring, groove and disc. The former has supporting solder, and the latter is mostly supporting solder. Lamps and lanterns are basically the evolution of some daily appliances, mainly common appliances such as bean pots and reeds. Most of them are bean-shaped pottery lamps, but there are also some bronze lamps in the shape of tripod and reed, which were cast in the Qin Dynasty.

In the Han dynasty, the use of lamps was quite common. While bronze lamps continue to prevail, ceramic lamps gradually become the mainstream with a new attitude, and iron lamps and stone lamps also appear one after another. From the modeling point of view, in addition to doll lights and imitation home lights, there are also animal image lights. From the functional point of view, in addition to the original seat lights, there are also walking lights and chandeliers.

Bronze lamps in Han Dynasty can be divided into doll lamps, animal lamps and modeling lamps. Many lamps in the Warring States period were also common in the Han Dynasty. In terms of use, it can be divided into seat lamp, chandelier and ceramic lamp. The appearance of iron lamps, mainly multi-lamps and figurine lamps, is closely related to the progress of iron smelting technology and the widespread use of iron.

From Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Song and Yuan Dynasties, lamps and candles, as lighting appliances, gradually became indispensable necessities for sacrificial ceremonies and celebrations. During this period, bronze lamps came to an end, ceramic lamps, especially porcelain lamps, became the main body of lamps, and stone lamps, which were first seen in Han Dynasty, became popular. In addition, jade lanterns and wooden candlesticks were unearthed. During this period, the shape of the lamp changed greatly, and the lamp and the seat were separated. Candleless lamp has become the most basic shape of lamps. It's hard to see many lights at this time. There are several types of lamps: 1 with cylindrical seat, which can directly insert candlesticks and support small lamps. Most of these lamps are porcelain lamps and colored lights in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. These lamps are also called candlesticks or candlesticks because of their duality of inserting candlesticks and supporting lamps.

In the Han Dynasty, ceramic downlights made new progress, the number of lamp holders for figures was greatly reduced, and the number of lamp holders for animals was gradually increased, and two or three downlights were arranged hand-held. There were fewer candlesticks and porcelain lamps in this period, and they had wide edges, which looked like lying sheep and lions.

The origin of neon lights

The earliest neon lights were produced in cafes in France. At that time, they were mainly used as signs and decorations in cafes or as decorations in entertainment places. With the development of business, neon lights are introduced and widely used in department stores, hotels and other banks, especially in festivals, where neon lights are more festive with endless dynamic changes.

Colors add a warm and festive atmosphere.

Neon lamp is neon lamp, that is, neon sign, which is the translation of neon lamp. Now people have used neon lamp as a function word.

The development of neon lights can be traced back to the study of gas discharge by British physicist and chemist Faraday. When the current passes through a gas containing a small amount of positive and negative ions, it is moved by a small amount of radioactive substances from ultraviolet cosmic rays under a sufficiently high applied voltage, and neutral molecules are ionized after collision. Therefore, when the number of ions doubles, the current passing through the gas will emit light, that is, the so-called glow discharge, which has the same luminous color as Faraday's theory and its experimental results, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of neon lamp technology.

Neon lamp originated in France, and the glass tube used at that time was 45 mm in diameter. First, bend the glass tube into the required characters or patterns, and then use 1 voltage 1 transformer to supply power to make it glow. At that time, the electrodes at both ends of the lamp tube were made of graphite, which was filled with nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas. The former emits red light while the latter emits white light. Because these two gases are active, they can easily react with graphite electrodes. The graphite splashed by the cathode quickly forms a black film on the inner wall of the glass tube, which absorbs a lot of gas filled into the tube, so that the inflation pressure in the tube drops rapidly, which leads to the shortening of the life of the neon lamp. At that time, in order to solve this problem, the special solenoid valve 1 was added to the neon lamp tube, and a certain amount of gas was added to the lamp after the neon lamp was used for a period of time, but this did not fundamentally overcome the defects. Therefore, the life of this lamp is short, and the manufacturing process is complex and expensive.

During the period from 1907 to 19 10, scientists Claude and Linde invented the fractional utilization of liquid air, and a certain amount of inert gas was filled into neon lights, thus obviously slowing down the gas consumption speed in the tubes and enriching the colors. On the eve of World War II, photoluminescent materials were developed, which can only emit light of various colors. And the luminous efficiency is also high. We call it phosphor. After fluorescent powder is applied to neon lamp production, the brightness of neon lamp is only obviously improved, the color of lamp tube is more vivid and diverse, and the lamp making process is simplified. Therefore, neon lights developed rapidly after the end of World War II.

Neon lamps are divided into three types according to the same powder coated on the inner wall of the glass tube: the first type is that the inner wall of the glass tube is coated with any fluorescent powder, and the colorless and transparent glass tube is directly used, which is usually called an open tube; The second is that the inner wall of transparent glass tube is coated with fluorescent powder, which we call powder tube; The first is to use a color glass tube, and the inner wall of the glass tube is evenly coated with fluorescent powder, which we call a color tube.

In general, the life of neon lights is longer than that of fluorescent lights and incandescent lights. To reach this level, we must do the following:

1. The production personnel are excellent, and the exhaust personnel bombard and degas properly and thoroughly;

2. The transformer that starts it must be overloaded;

3. The installer carefully and reasonably installs; As long as it meets the requirements, practice has proved that the life of neon lamps is longer than that of fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps, and our company has such a successful example.

When did the Lantern Festival originate?

The fifteenth night of the first lunar month is a traditional festival to celebrate the Lantern Festival in China, commonly known as the Lantern Festival. In cities and villages, lanterns are decorated and watched everywhere, and guessing riddles on lanterns is an unprecedented occasion. When you arrive at the royal family, ordinary people and ladies, you can break the routine and make lanterns to enjoy and travel according to the custom. Cui Ye, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem: The jade leaks the silver pot, and the iron lock is fully open; Who can do nothing on the moon? Where can I smell the lights? Usually, boudoir women who are not deeply involved in the world often take this opportunity to meet lovers in love. Song Xin-Miracle's "Yuan Ci Yun" said: Thousands of trees bloom on windy nights, and the wind blows more trees. Stars are like rain, BMW cars are carved all over the road, and jade pots are lit. In the evening, fish, dragons, moths, snow, willows, gold thread, laughter and fragrance all went to the crowd to find him. Suddenly, the man was there, and the dim light vividly showed the carnival night of the Lantern Festival, lovers.

During the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Lantern Festival became an important public entertainment activity in the Spring Festival, and poets often painted poems. As an activity that appeals to both refined and popular tastes, Lantern Festival is still a popular folk entertainment activity in China, especially in recent years, which has seen unprecedented prosperity. People like Lantern Festival, but when did it originate?

There is a view that the Lantern Festival formed a revised version of the Tang Dynasty: the Lantern Festival was lit from the beginning of Tang Kaiyuan, from the 14th to Izayoi, and then increased to five nights. The revised version is slightly similar to Lin Dazu's view of watching lanterns during the Lantern Festival in the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to Zong Rui in Old Tang Dynasty, Jinglong was four years old, and Empress Yuan took a walk to watch lanterns. Fortunately, Xiao Zhizhong's first night ended in the evening. He thought the Lantern Festival was held by his father Zong Rui in the Ming Dynasty.

Another view is that the Lantern Festival is the beginning for Xu Jian to learn from Han: Historical Records Le Shu says that the Han family worships Tai, and it is his legacy to watch the lights at night in the temple in the first month of the Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of learning, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered it to be compiled as a book of governors' learning culture, which made people watch the lights on a moonlit night. Obviously, it refers to the author's view on the Lantern Festival in Xuanzong period, which quotes Le Shu's view of emperors, and according to old news, the Temple of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty runs along the Tang Dynasty. It is believed that Lantern Festival seems to be a special activity formed in the early Han Dynasty, and it is regarded as entertainment. In the Chinese Festival published in September of 1983, Luo Qirong and Ou believed that Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty was the day when the rebellion between Zhu and Lu was put down, and the day when it was put down was the fifteenth day of the first month. Every night, Emperor Wendi went out to play in the palace, and the people's night of play was also called night in the old saying, so Emperor Wendi named the fifteenth day of the first month as. At that time, there was no custom of lighting lamps. In the 10th year of Emperor Yongping of the Han Dynasty (AD 67), Cai learned from India. In order to promote Buddhism, Emperor Hanming ordered the Lantern Festival to be lit to show his respect for Buddhism. This is the origin of Lantern Festival lighting.

There is also a view that the Lantern Festival originated from the religious activities of Buddhism and Taoism. On the fifteenth day of the first month, monks and nuns get together to watch Buddhist relics shine, make golden beds, scatter flowers between heaven and man, and play music. They walked around the city, lit twelve miles of lights and recorded in the western region. On the fifteenth day of the first month, monks and nuns get together to watch the Buddhist relics shine and make rain flowers. This is based on the stereotype of Taoism, that is, the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month is called the Lantern Festival. According to the origin and development of the Lantern Festival in 1985/Folk Literature Forum, the Lantern Festival originated from the worship of fire. After the primitive people invented fire, they thought that mysterious fire could drive away monsters, and the earliest sacrificial activity was Nuo.

There are many legends about the origin of the Lantern Festival. Emperor Yang Di was obsessed with sex and wanted to marry his sister. He can't get married unless there is a miracle on the fifteenth day of the first month. Emperor Yang Di ordered people around the capital to light lamps in every household on the evening of 15th. Those who disobeyed orders were cut off until the evening of the fifteenth, and their sister went upstairs to see lights everywhere, mistakenly thinking that the stars really landed and threw herself into the river. The resourceful Fang Shuo was deeply sympathetic when he learned that he had designed them. First, he spread rumors that Vulcan would send someone to burn down Ding 'an City. After the palace in the city panicked, he offered suggestions to Emperor Wu. /kloc-on the night of 0/5, the court staff went out to avoid disasters, and all the streets and courtyards in the city were hung with red lights, like a sea of fire in the same city. In order to fool the Vulcan emperor Wu, who is under surveillance, he promised the ladies-in-waiting that he would take the opportunity to meet his family during the Lantern Festival. From then on, on the fifteenth day of the first month, they would light lamps. Lantern Festival originated from folk farming habits such as sentry fire. Every year around the 15th day of the first month, spring ploughing is coming, and farmers in some areas are busy preparing for ploughing. On this night, farmers went to the fields to collect dead branches and weeds, and then set them on fire.