Tianjin modern industrial development?

Tianjin modern industry, began in the foreign affairs movement in the Qing dynasty government founded the Tianjin Machinery Manufacturing Bureau, and so on. Since then, Yuan Shikai in Tianjin to implement the "New Deal", in the north bank of the Haihe River construction of Hebei New District gathered a large number of modern industrial enterprises. Including Zhou Xuexi and other industrialists in Tianjin founded a number of "government supervision and business" nature of large-scale industries. To the early 20th century, China's private industry began to flourish, which is representative of the Yongli Alkali Factory, in 1926 the United States World's Fair in Philadelphia, Yongli Alkali Factory production of soda ash won the Gold Medal and the certificate, the certificate said it was "the development of the Republic of China's main chemical industry symbol". The development of modern industry in Tianjin and the construction of the Tianjin Concession contributed to the rapid development of Tianjin in modern times to become the largest city and industrial and commercial center in northern China, as well as China's second largest industrial, financial and commercial city. The development of modern industry in Tianjin roughly went through four stages: germination, development, prosperity and the period of Japanese occupation. As a result of the prosperous development of modern industry in Tianjin, the Tianjin Modern Industry Museum was constructed in Sanqiaohekou. Starting from 1866, influenced by the foreign affairs movement, the Qing government gradually established a series of military industries in Tianjin and the surrounding areas. In order to cope with foreign trade affairs, the Qing government also set up in Tianjin Minister of Commerce (1870 changed to Minister of Commerce of the North Pacific Ocean, by the Governor-General of Zhili as well). Tianjin became the core area of Li Hongzhang's Beiyang base, and this period was also the early stage of the development of modern industry in Tianjin. \x0d\\ The military industry founded by the foreign affairs faction \x0d\ After the second Opium War, the Qing dynasty foreign affairs movement rose, the "foreign affairs faction" began to set up modern government-run industries represented by the military industry. 1867, the Minister of Commerce Chonghou in the east of the city of Tianjin, 18 miles near the Jiajiagu Road to find a 22 hectares of land, digging ditches around the construction of more than 1,500 feet long enclosure wall, the land was used to build a new military industry in Tianjin. Construction of more than 1,500 feet long wall, built the Tianjin Machinery Bureau East Bureau, is the Tianjin Machinery Bureau gunpowder factory, commonly known as "East Bureau", was the earliest and largest military industry in northern China at that time. The Bureau for the northern provinces to provide military guns, ammunition, in the Beiyang naval division was built, and is responsible for the provision of military supplies required by the Beiyang fleet. After Chong Hou, Zhili Governor and Minister of commerce of the North China Sea Li Hongzhang presided over the Tianjin Bureau of machine building, so that its rapid development into machine building, metal smelting, casting, thermal processing, basic chemistry, ship repair and other large-scale size of large-scale military enterprises. The East Bureau of Tianjin Machine Bureau was known as one of the largest machine bureaus in the world at that time. \x0d\ The Qing government in order to strengthen the sea defense, and in 1880 by Li Hongzhang in Tianjin created the Beiyang Marine Dockyard Dagu. Dagu Dockyard is the first dockyard in modern northern China, with Lushun Military Harbor, Weihaiwei Liugong Island and known as the three major bases of the Beiyang Naval Division for the repair of warships of the Beiyang Naval Division, began to manufacture arms in 1890. \x0d\\"The government supervised the founding of the business" industry\x0d\\to complement the development of modern military industry, the Qing government built the earliest telegraph line in Tianjin and China's first autonomous standard-gauge railroads, and founded the Kaiping Railway Company and the Kaiping Mining Bureau, which was China's first large-scale mechanized coal mine to ensure the energy supplies needed by the military industry. In 1878 by li hongzhang assigned buyer tang tingshu founded kaiping mining bureau, at first originally intended to be run by the government, and then because of the financial shortage of the qing government, only changed to the government supervisor business office. 1879, to the governor's office as a starting point, through tianjin machine bureau east bureau and zizhulin tenancy and China merchants bureau, to the dagu battery and beitang barracks between the telegraph line between the wire, is the earliest telegraph line in china. Thereafter laid the telegraph line from Tianjin to Shanghai. After the establishment of the General Telegraph Bureau in Tianjin, under the Telegraph East Bureau, Telegraph North Bureau, Telegraph South Bureau of three branches. Although the Tianjin Telegraph Bureau was run by the government, the telegrams for foreign affairs and military affairs were all "first-class official telegrams", and the order of sending telegrams was set as "official first and then commercial". \x0d\and was built in 1880, the Tangxu Railway, then by Li Hongzhang proposal, extended to Dagu and Tianjin, mainly for Kaiping coal transportation and the Beiyang Coast Guard to transport arms. 1887 Li Hongzhang will be Kaiping Railway Company renamed China Tianjin Railway Company (also known as the Tianjin-Tianjin Railway Company). After the completion of the Tianjin-Tangshan Railway, Li Hongzhang took into account the Beiyang defense, with Tianjin as the center, built a railroad from Tianjin to Shanhaiguan in addition to the above for the military industry services, "the government supervises the business" modern industry, in order to facilitate the north-south trade Li Hongzhang as early as 1872, founded the China Merchants Bureau, the General Administration in Shanghai, set up a bureau is located in Tianjin's Zizhulin South. \x0d\\ Early foreign capital enterprises \x0d\\ Foreign capital in Tianjin, the earliest modern enterprises operated by the British Dagu Barge Company in 1874, but a little later than Li Hongzhang organized the Ship Merchants Bureau. Foreign capital was only authorized to operate barge transportation business in Tianjin in 1871, subject to the Qing government's stipulation of a trial period of years. in May 1874, the British merchants pooled their capital to set up the Dagu Barge Company was established, with a capital of 33,000 U.S. dollars. in September 1889, the Dagu Barge Company was reorganized as a limited liability company, with a capital of 500,000 taels." By 1900 Tianjin *** 19 foreign-funded enterprises, Britain and Germany accounted for 16. Among the 19 foreign-capital enterprises, those engaged in foreign trade were predominant, among which there were 11 baling factories. In addition, most of the other early foreign capital was in small civil industries. \x0d\\ The founding of private capital industry\x0d\ The private capital industry in Tianjin was even later than the foreign capital industry, with the Yilai Mou machine mill founded by Zhu Qiang in 1878. Before 1900, Tianjin Yilaimou machine mill, annual profit of 6,000 to 7,000 taels, and since then there is private capital to add no three or four, each can still make a profit of 6,000 to 7,000 taels per annum, which shows that the sales are booming. These new machine mills in the 1890s, the lack of specific historical records, at present can be clearly verified by the Dalaisheng machine mills, Tianli and machine mills and the South Gate outside the Ruihecheng machine mills 3. \x0d\1884, Guangdong merchant Luo Sanyou founded the Detai Machine Mill which was the first iron factory created by private capital in Tianjin. For the machine manufacturing industry, Tianjin also has the Wanshun Iron Factory, which was opened in 1886 in the British Concession in Tianjin. In addition, DETAI machine factory, Wanshun Iron Works are located in the adjacent to the Concession of the sea Avenue (now Dagu Road) area. the early 20th century, there is also a Chichang Iron Works and so on. Therefore, with the development of the Tianjin Concession at that time is appropriate, the sea Avenue area is the birthplace of the early national capital machine manufacturing industry in Tianjin. Tianjin's early private capital to create the machine processing industry, there are three stone street in 1897 built Jin Jucheng ironworks. Other industries such as the Tianjin Water Supply Company established in 1886, the Beiyang Velvet Weaving Factory founded in 1897, and the Beiyang Nitro Leather Factory founded in 1898 were all invested and organized by Wu Maodin, a famous buyer at the time, and were the earliest of their kind in Tianjin and even in the north at the time. \x0d\\There were more than thirty important industries in the initial period of modern industry in Tianjin, nineteen of which were foreign-funded. The remaining seventeen home national industry, six for government-run or government-supervised business industries, these six industries are mostly military-related, even if the nature of government-supervised business, but also more bureaucratic control. Private capital industry investment later, smaller scale, and not many types. Tianjin's early modern industry is mainly military industry, large-scale, creating a number of national first, with pioneering value. Such as China's first modernized gunpowder factory - Tianjin Machinery Bureau East Bureau; China's first industrial technology school - Beiyang Telegraph Academy; the first independent standard railroad, the first telegraph line - "Beitang-Datang", "Beitang-Datang", "Beitang-Datang" and "Beitang-Datang". -Beitang-Dagu-Tianjin military telegraph line, the first standard railroad, the first telegraph line, and the first dockyard in northern China are all closely related to Tianjin. \x0d\\\\x0d\\development period\x0d\ Main Entry: Hebei New District\x0d\Tianjin's modern industrial development period is from Yuan Shikai's implementation of the "New Deal" in Tianjin to the early years of the founding of the Republic of China. 1902 around 1902, the Governor-General of Zhili, and Minister of Commerce of the North China Sea, Yuan Shikai vigorously implemented the "New Deal" in Tianjin, and the "New Deal" was implemented in Tianjin, and the "New Deal" was implemented in Tianjin. Around 1902, Yuan Shikai, the Governor of Zhili and Minister of Commerce of the North China Sea, vigorously implemented the "New Deal" in Tianjin, and around the time of the founding of the Republic of China was the period of development of the modern industry in Tianjin, which was highlighted in the construction of the new district of Hebei, the prosperity of the modern industrial education as well as the development of private capital industry. \In 1902, Zhou Xuexi was commissioned by Yuan Shikai to set up the Beiyang Silver Dollar Bureau, which was successful and was followed by the establishment of the Beiyang Silver Dollar Bureau in 1906, and the establishment of the Beiyang Silver Dollar Bureau in 1906. After achieving success, he created the Beiyang persuasive ironworks in 1906 and other important government and commercial industries, Hebei New Area once became an important industrial area. At the same time, Hebei New District also founded the Zhili Higher Industrial College, examination factories, internship workshops and other educational institutions, becoming an important industrial education base. \x0d\\ Zhou Xuexi also took over the Tangshan Qixin Ash Company in 1906, which was closed down due to poor product quality. The company was formerly known as Tangshan Fine Cotton Clay Factory founded by Tang Tingshu in 1889, which was commissioned by Li Hongzhang to recruit private capital to establish the company. Zhou Xuexi took over and introduced the most advanced international cement production equipment at the time - the dry process cement rotary kiln of the Danish Smith Company - to produce high quality products, creating a precedent in China's cement industry. \x0d\\ The Transformation of Military Industry\x0d\ Main Entry: Dagu Dockyard\x0d\ In 1900, after the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China, Tianjin's large-scale government-run military industry was severely damaged by the invading forces. The East Bureau of the Tianjin Machine Building Bureau was occupied by the Eight-Power Allied Forces and later used as a French barracks, while the West Bureau of the Tianjin Machine Building Bureau, the Haiguangsi Machine Bureau, was completely destroyed. In 1901, it was occupied by the Japanese army, and the former site of the West Bureau was used as a Japanese barracks. The Dagu Dockyard of the Beiyang Marine Division was occupied by Russia for two years from 1900 to 1902. in 1906, the Dagu Dockyard was put into production as the Dagu Branch of the Beiyang Persuasive Iron Works, and the gun factory of the former Dagu Dockyard was allocated for the use of the Military Police Academy, and the Dagu Dockyard had become a government-assisted and commercially-run industry at this time. \x0d\\commercial industry development\x0d\\"New Deal" period of Tianjin's private capital has been developed, the construction of Hebei New District, Tianjin Mint, Zhili General Bureau of Crafts, the Beiyang persuasion of the Iron Works and so on were built, coupled with Tianjin's machine industry itself has a certain foundation, the generation of Sanshoujie Avenue gradually developed into a center of the machine manufacturing industry. industry center. At the same time, the scope of the industrial area spread from the new district of Hebei to the western part of the old city of Tianjin along Sanbangshi Street. From 1902 to 1911, the total number of industrial enterprises in Tianjin was 139, involving mining, cement, machine manufacturing, textile, chemical, food and other industries, of which the textile industry ranked the first 41, the chemical industry (including matches, leather, cosmetics, oil extraction) ranked the second 31, and the food processing industry (including tobacco) ranked the third 20, and the structure of Tianjin's pillar industries was initially formed. Famous industries such as the Dahongqiao near the Tianjin pancreas company was built in 1905, Ji Juifen 1908 founded the cigarette company. The steady development in this period laid the foundation for the prosperity of private capital industry after the Xinhai Revolution. \x0d\\\\x0d\\Prosperity period\x0d\\\this period from the beginning of the Republic of China to the Japanese invasion of this period is the flourishing period of modern industry in Tianjin, this period is mainly manifested in the prosperity of the commercial industry. Types such as flour, matches, textiles, chemicals and tanneries occupied an important position in the country. Tianjin gradually developed into the industrial center of northern China and the second largest industrial and commercial city in the country. \x0d\textile industry\x0d\since the period of "Beiyang New Deal", Zhou Xuexi, as the founder of Beiyang industry, founded the General Administration of Crafts of Zhili and advocated the "Daxing of Crafts" and vigorously opened factories and industrial education. 1904, the internship workshop was set up with In 1904, the internship workshop was set up under the subjects of loom, dyeing, jacquard, etc., and the machine weaving industry was started. After that, dozens of machine weaving factories were established in Tianjin and the surrounding areas. 1915, the first machine spinning factory Zhili Model Spinning Factory was established by Zhou Xuexi, and in 1916, Zhang Ruiting founded Hengyuan Canvas Company Limited, which was later merged with Zhili Model Spinning Factory, and renamed as Hengyuan Yarn Factory. 1916, Zhou Xuexi, after withdrawing from the Beiyang government, devoted himself to the industrial sector and established Xinhua Textile Company Limited, and in 1918, Tianjin Huaxin Textile Company Limited was established. After Zhou Xuexi quit the Beiyang government in 1916, he devoted himself to industrialization and established Xinhua Textile Co. The six major mills took shape. In addition, there were 87 single weaving factories in Tianjin. By now, Tianjin has become the center of modern cotton textile industry in northern China. 1931 Renli Woolen Weaving Factory was built in Tianjin, and 1934 East Asia Woolen Textile Company Limited built a factory and put it into production, and the modern woolen textile industry of Tianjin began to take shape from then on. Renli and Dongya are the two famous woolen textile factories in Tianjin. East Asia Tweed Textile Company's "Sheep Brand" wool yarn, which is a harmonic of "boycott foreign goods", became China's first famous brand of domestic wool yarn, and was also a representative of the industrial salvation of the country at that time. \x0d\\ Grain and oil processing \x0d\\ 1878, Tianjin has appeared in the use of machine grinding mill. 1915, the Sino-Japanese joint venture in the Italian Concession in Tianjin, founded Shouxing Flour Company, the products sold well. Until 1919, the "boycott of Japanese goods" activities, the company due to the intervention of Japanese capital by the boycott and production was suspended. 1925, the company was reorganized, renamed Shoufeng Flour Company, and gradually developed into a large-scale flour enterprises in North China, under the three branch mills. Dafeng Flour Company was built in 1921 as the second branch factory, and Minfeng Flour Company was built in 1923 as the third branch factory. Other more famous flour enterprises are Fuxing Flour Company, built in 1919, producing "Bat Brand" flour, Jiarui Flour Company, built in 1924, producing "Makiu Brand" flour. \x0d\\ Marine Chemical Industry\x0d\\ Main Entry: Tianjin Alkali Factory, Jiu Da Fine Salt Company and Yellow Sea Chemical Industry Research Institute\x0d\\ There was a salt industry in the Tianjin area in ancient times, which belonged to the "Chang Lu Salt". However, the traditional salt production was rough and of poor quality, and the production of refined salt has become an inevitable trend. 1914, under the permission of the Beiyang government, with the support of Jing Taobai, an expert in the salt industry, the Jiu Da Refined Salt Company was founded in Tanggu, with the strong support of many social celebrities, and the initiators and sponsors were Liang Qichao, Fan Yuanlian, Li Sihao, Wang Jiaxiang, Jing Xuexian, Hu Juntai, Liu Kuiyi, etc. The company was founded in 1914, with the support of the salt expert Jing Taobai, and the strong support of numerous social celebrities. \x0d\ Fan Xudong purchased machines from Japan and land to build the factory. At first, he purchased salt as raw material, and later purchased his own salt field as raw material. Fine salt was produced using the recrystallization method process and the product trademark was Neptune in the shape of a pentagon. The production level of soda ash and sulfuric acid was one of the indicators of a country's industrial level in the 20th century. Another contribution of Fan Xudong was the creation of the Yongli Alkali Factory. After the outbreak of the First World War, the quantity of imported soda ash dropped dramatically, the Chinese people could only consume "native soda ash", and many factories using soda ash as raw material were forced to shut down. Fan Xudong and others decided to adopt the world's advanced level of Sulvi alkali technology to produce soda ash, and started to establish Yongli Alkali Co. in 1917, completed the basic construction of alkali plant in 1923, and produced snow-white soda ash on June 29, 1926, which was named as "Red Triangle Brand". The successful development of refined salt and soda ash broke the monopoly of foreign enterprises and filled the blank of Chinese chemical industry. At the same time, "Red Triangle Brand" soda ash made the first export of chemical products produced in China to overseas. As early as 1926 in Philadelphia World's Fair in the United States of America, the soda ash produced by Yong Li Alkali Factory won the gold medal and certificate, the certificate called Yong Li Alkali Factory as "the development of the Republic of China's main chemical industry symbol. \x0d\\Tanning industry\x0d\\1898 Wu Maoding in Tianjin founded the North Pacific Nitro Leather Factory after the establishment of factories all over the country, to the Republic of China in 9 years of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce statistics of the country's new tanneries 3l. 1931 statistics in Tianjin, there are 11 new tanneries to Yu Jin for the largest, Hua Bei, Hong Ji for the next. Although Yu Jin factory was a Sino-Japanese joint venture, the main power of the factory was vested in the Japanese, and the production accounted for more than half of the leather production in Tianjin, and the main products were flags, flanges, box skins, harness skins, etc. The Huabei factory was a Chinese merchant factory in Tianjin. Hua Bei factory in tianjin is the largest leather factory operated by Chinese businessmen, the initial period to horsehide-based, annual output of about 20,000, and later specializing in the development of the flag, flange two kinds of leather. Hongji factory was built in the 1930's, mainly has 3 kinds of products, such as flower banner, flange and buckskin, which is the famous brand product of tianjin. Lixiang factory is China's first leather ball factory, the factory from the beginning of leather, their own sewing basketball, soccer and other leather ball products, and then gradually increase the carpentry department, tanning department, string department, business department, is China's sporting goods manufacturing industry in the largest scale. Tianjin leather workshop about 30, 40, mainly concentrated in the southwest city corner, Taipingzhuang, Nankai Street, South Avenue, Huajia field area. \x0d\\ machine processing industry\x0d\\ the end of the Qing Dynasty machine processing industry began to sprout in the Sanjiao stone area after the "New Deal" period of development, to 1914 this area has iron industry workshops, factories, 17. By the 1914, there were 17 iron workshops and factories in the area. In the 1920s and 1930s, the industry had reached its peak. By 1937, there were about 300 factories engaged in iron casting and machine building in the Sanjoseki area, which became known as "Iron Factory Street" at that time. Some of the more famous companies in the Sanshouji area during its heyday were the Guo Tianxiang Machinery Factory, which was built in 1918 and already had a registered trademark at that time, and the Fukujuxing Machinery Factory, which was built in 1926. \x0d\\ Other Industries\x0d\\ Main Entry: Tianjin Tramway Electric Light Company Limited and French Electric Light House\x0d\\Tianjin modern national capital industries in the flourishing period in addition to large-scale industries in textile, grain and oil processing, machine processing, marine chemicals, etc., there are many other types and famous industrial brands. For example, the Tianjin Danhua Match Company, which was established in 1917 as a result of the merger of the Huachang Company and the Beiping Danfeng Match Factory, was the largest match factory in the country at that time. Danhua Match Company and the same period of Tianjin Beiyang, Zhonghua, Rongxing and other three larger match companies *** with the occupation of the main markets around the country. 1921 Zhou Xuexi founded the Yaohua Glass Company, China's first Sino-foreign glass joint venture, the board of directors and the general office in Tianjin, the Chinese side of the share capital, the Belgian side of the patent, the factory is located in Qinhuangdao. 1929, Chen Tiaofu and others founded the Tianjin Yongming Paint Factory. In 1929, Chen Tiaofu and others founded Tianjin Yongming Paint Factory, which firstly made phenolic varnish "Yongming Lacquer"; after 1931, through research and development, it produced aldehyde cellulose lacquer and nitro cellulose lacquer one after another; in 1948, it also developed alkyd resin lacquer, which can be brushed, sprayed and baked as "Sanbao Lacquer". "In 1948, it developed alkyd resin paint, which could be brushed, sprayed and baked. Tianjin paint industry has long been in a leading position in the country. According to the incomplete statistics at that time, only from 1912 to 1928, there were 2471 private capital manufacturers in Tianjin, with a total capital of about 82,427,000 yuan, involving 66 industries. Among them, there were 1407 textile manufacturers with a total capital of 26.87 million yuan, which accounted for 30% of the capital of national industry in Tianjin at that time, both in terms of the number of manufacturers and the amount of capital; there were more than 280 chemical enterprises with a total capital of more than 11 million yuan; and there were more than 130 foodstuffs industries with a total capital of 8.55 million yuan. From 1900 to 1937 foreign-funded enterprises in tianjin has also been developed. 1901 to 1928, foreigners in tianjin factory about 90, with a total capital of about 30 million yuan. 1928 to 1937, *** 11 countries in tianjin invested in the construction of 217 factories. Among the more famous foreign-funded enterprises are the Belgian Tianjin Tramway Electric Light Company Limited, built in 1904, the French Electric Light Company and the Mobil Oil Company. \x0d\\\\\x0d\\\\the Anti-Japanese War period\x0d\\\that is, after the Japanese army occupied Tianjin and North China in 1937, it set up the North China Construction General Administration, which specialized in coordinating the urban construction affairs of North China, and formulated the North China Development Plan on several occasions, emphasizing the two major principles of resource development and transportation construction. In the plan, Tianjin was planned to be the transportation hub for delivering materials to Japan. However, after the outbreak of the Pacific War, Japan's strategy of invading China changed to meet the needs of the war, Tianjin, in addition to its role as a transportation hub, also became one of the cities in North China for long-term industrial construction. To this end, Japan successively formulated the "Tianjin Urban Plan Outline", "Tanggu Urban Plan Outline" and "Greater Tianjin Urban Plan", etc. In 1939, the Urban Bureau of the General Administration of Construction in North China issued the "Tianjin Urban Plan Outline" to the Tianjin Special Municipal Office with the guideline of making Tianjin a major port for trade, a commercial city and an industrial base in North China. \x0d\ After the fall of Tianjin, a large number of industrial enterprises, such as the Beiyang Marine Dockyard at Dagu and the Qixin Foreign Ash Company, were occupied by Japanese invading forces. Wynn Alkali Factory, Jiu Da Fine Salt refused to cooperate with the invading Japanese army, Wynn's headquarters was forced to temporarily relocate from Tianjin to Hong Kong, the factory then led the technical staff and the backbone of the workers' technology evacuated to Sichuan. Beiyang navy Dagu dockyard was occupied by the Japanese, turned into a "military labor prison". Japanese invaders in tianjin has set up the tanggu transportation company, tianjin ship transportation society and other institutions, its shipbuilding department in dagu have east and west two factories. The east factory was newly built, and the west factory was Dagu Shipbuilding Institute, which was entrusted to operate as a military-controlled factory. Tianjin six major mills have been annexed by the bureaucratic capital and Japanese capital. Hengyuan Yarn Factory and Beiyang Yarn Factory were taken over by the bureaucratic capital of Chengfu Trust Company in 1925 and 1936 respectively. Yuda Yarn Factory and Baocheng Yarn Factory were resold to the Daifuku Company, a joint venture between the Japanese-owned Toyo Takushoku Kaisha and Itochu Shoji Kaisha, in 1933 and 1935 respectively. Yuyuan Yarn Factory and Huaxin Yarn Factory were also auctioned off in 1936 to the Japanese-funded Zhong Yuan Spinning Performance Co., Ltd. and were changed into Gongda Sixth Factory and Gongda Seventh Factory respectively. In addition, four new yarn factories were built in Tianjin by Japanese capital, including Yufeng, Shanghai, Shuangxi and Dakang. \x0d\ During the War of Resistance against Japan Tianjin became the rear base of Japan's war of aggression against China, in order to provide the materials needed for the military aggression, Japan therefore built some of the military-related enterprises in Tianjin, such as Nissho North China Machinery Co., Ltd. and 6 steel enterprises such as Nissho Zhongshan Steel Institute. During this period, Japan also set up important enterprises such as North Branch Automobile Co., Ltd. and Hangu Plant of Nissho Toyo Chemical Industry Co. The Japanese occupation of China, Tianjin machine industry has been greater development, to a certain extent, changed the industrial structure, improve the technical composition. Until the end of the war when Japan surrendered, Tianjin had more than 300 machine factories. \x0d\ day later, these factories and the subordinate research institutions became an important part of the Chinese people*** and the early years of the country's industrial establishment, such as the Japanese business Zhongshan Steel Institute after liberation was renamed Tianjin Steel Factory, Japanese business Toyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Hangu plant was renamed Tianjin Chemical Plant, Japanese business North China Machinery Co., Ltd. for today's power locomotives factory. The former Japanese textile enterprises in China were taken over and established as China Textile Construction Company. The Yellow Sea Chemical Industry Research Society of the Yong Li Soda Manufacturing Company was later incorporated into the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences by merging all the properties and all the staff of the society. \x0d\