What are the customs of the Mongols and the Yi?

Mongolians greet each other, even strangers; peers, acquaintances meet, generally ask: "Sai Bainu" (hello), if you meet the elders or meet for the first time, you have to ask: "he Sai Bainu" (hello). While it is a traditional Mongolian virtue to treat travelers (whether you know them or not), you must respect your host when you visit a Mongolian home. After entering the yurt, you should sit on the carpet with your legs crossed around the stove, but the west side of the stove is the owner's place, so you can't just sit there when the owner doesn't sit there. Master on the milk tea, guests usually want to drink, do not drink rude; master please eat dairy products, guests do not refuse, otherwise it will hurt the master's heart. If it is inconvenient to eat more, eat a little is okay.

The offering of Hada is also a noble ritual of the Mongolian people. Offer Hada, the dedicatee bowed and held in both hands to the other party, the recipient should also bow and take both hands or bow to let the dedicatee to hang Hada on the neck, and to express gratitude.

Mongolian hospitality is very concerned about etiquette and rules. For example, when eating hand-held mutton, generally the sheep's pipa bone with meat with four long ribs to the guests. If it is a beef hospitality, a piece of spine with meat plus half a section of ribs and a section of fat intestines to the guests. The grandest hospitality is the whole goat feast. The whole goat feast includes recommended bone, limbs, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sheep's head, and in some areas, sheep's heart, sheep's liver, rectum and sheep's belly. Method is the whole sheep parts poured into the cauldron, the water temperature rises, and then add a certain amount of cooked yoghurt cooked over moderate heat to boil, and often turn. Intestine, belly, heart, liver and prairie good sheep's head cooked in a separate pot. Separate seasoning. Banquet will be boiled parts into a large plate, tail outward, sheep head to be carved to symbolize the auspiciousness of the "ten" on the table. When eating, the host will ask the guests to cut the bones of the sheep, or the elders will first cut the knife, and then everyone will eat together. Before a girl gets married, her mother's family cooks the breast of a sheep for her to eat as a farewell. Roasted whole sheep used to be used for ceremonies or sacrifices to the Ovoo, but now it has become a special dish for grand festivals or welcoming distinguished guests.

Taboos

Mongolians riding horses, driving close to the yurt avoid heavy riding fast, so as not to alarm the herd; if there is a fire in front of the door or hanging red cloth and other signs, said the family has a patient or maternity, avoid outsiders to enter; guests can not sit on the west kang, because the west is for the Buddha's direction; taboo on the meat of the dead animals and meat and donkeys, dog meat, white horse meat; avoid the red and white for funeral, joyful taboo black and yellow; taboo on the fire in the fire, the meat is not the same as the meat, the meat is not the same as the meat. Black and yellow; avoid baking feet, shoes, socks and pants on the fire pit; prohibit smoking, spitting and touching the dharma, classics, statues of Buddha and loud noise when visiting the temple scripture halls, offering halls, and no hunting near the temple.

Yi Ethnicity

Yi clothing, varying from place to place. In the Liangshan and Qianxi areas, men usually wear black narrow-sleeved, right-slanted tops and wide-legged pants with many pleats, while in some areas they wear small-legged pants and store small locks of long-haired headgear in the front center of their heads, with a pincer knot tied to the right. Women to retain more national characteristics, usually wrapped around the head of the head, there are waist and belt; some parts of the women have the habit of wearing long skirts. Men and women go out clad in rubbers. Jewelry has earrings, bracelets, rings, collar row flowers, etc., mostly made of gold, silver and jade.

"Climbing flower room" - the marriage of Yi men and women: "climbing flower room" is a unique custom of the Chu according to the Yi people. The girl is 16 years old, parents will build another small grass building for her, let it alone in which to spend the night, and the male youth of 20 years old, you can climb on the grass building of the beloved girl at night to talk about love. They are together to blow scorn, to the tune, tell each other love feelings. Even if there are several pairs of young men and women at the same time, everyone is not bound. Once the love is mature, men and women as long as the consent of parents can be married, both parents generally do not interfere with the choice of sons and daughters.

The wedding of the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan, Yunnan Province, is quite chic. When they get married, the man has to prepare a horse and carry gifts such as wine, cloth, meat, and raised noodles to welcome the bride. The female village girls, can make all the ability to meet the guests splash water, caught desperately play music. Send the bride to all men, the bride to the door of the male party to the sun goes down before entering the door. Before entering the door, by a person holding a wooden bowl containing mutton, raised handle and wine, in the bride's head around a circle, to show that life after marriage is rich. Then, the bride by the cousins back into the house.

"Jumping vegetables" - Yi singing and dancing to accompany the meal: "Jumping vegetables", that is, dancing to serve food. It is a unique form of serving dishes and the highest etiquette during the banquet of the Yi folk in the Wuliangshan and Mianluo Mountains of Yunnan, which is a traditional food culture with a long history of perfect combination of dance, music and acrobatics.

When banquets are held, square tables are usually set up along the two sides, and guests sit around the three sides, leaving a "jumping dish" channel in the middle. Three gongs pulled off the "jumping vegetables" prelude: gongs, reedsheng, three strings, muffled flute, leaves and other folk music played; in the girl boy "wu wah li - thi thi thi" yell, see the top of the tray of Yi family men with hands arched bowing, footsteps suddenly high and low, suddenly and slowly, and the other person's head and arms each supporting a dish (***24 bowls) followed by the entrance. They were accompanied by a simple and pure folk music concerto, their faces made a funny state strange look, dancing crooked to and fro but easy, beautiful, smooth, coherent dance steps, one after the other on the stage. The two hand towel partner, then the strange appearance, like a colorful butterfly flowers like before and after, left and right to escort it.

A pair of food hand to dish four tables, partner to 32 bowls of food set back to the palace gossip array, each bowl of food is like a "chess piece". Since the positioning, all according to the ancient rules of the table, one by one, not the least bit chaotic.

The Yi people around the prevalence of patrilineal small family system, young children often live with their parents. The women's status is lower. The inheritance is divided equally among the sons, and the extinct estate is generally owned by the next of kin. In the history of the Yi people, the practice of hyphenating the names of fathers and sons was prevalent, and this custom continued among the Yi inhabitants of Liangshan until the founding of the nation. Monogamy is the basic system of marriage among the Yi, and a high bride price is required to marry a daughter-in-law. Staggered marriages from the table are more popular, and the husband's death is practiced in the transfer of the house. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, some of the Yi areas in Yunnan Province still maintained the public housing system, and the Liangshan Yi maintained a strict hierarchical endogamous marriage. Historically, the Yi people practiced cremation, and before the founding of the People's Republic of China, residents of Liangshan and Yunnan along the Jinsha River still practiced this burial custom. Other areas since the Ming and Qing Dynasties gradually changed to the upper burial.