Characteristics of Frank Lloyd Wright Housing

Frank Lloyd Wright Wright was born on June 8, 1967 in Richland Center, Wisconsin. 1died in phoenix, Arizona on April 9, 959 at the age of 9 1. His father William Cary Wright was a musician and missionary. His mother, Anna Lloyd Jones, is a teacher from a Welsh family near Springfield, Wisconsin. Wright has two sisters, Jane (born in 1869) and Marchand (born in 1877).

In the early years, their family lived a nomadic life. Before 1878 came to Madison, they lived in Rhode Island, Iowa and Massachusetts. Wright has been in Madison for nine years since he was 1 1. He always spends his summers with his uncle James Lloyd Jones on a farm near Mount Talisin. At that time, his father was a monotheistic priest. Wright's early life experience in rural Wisconsin had a profound influence on him. His parents divorced in 1885 and Wright never saw his father again. To support his family, Wright began to work for Allen Konoff, dean of the School of Engineering at Wisconsin State University. At Wisconsin State University, Wright spent two semesters studying civil engineering. At the same time, he painted for architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee and supervised the construction of the United Church.

Days in Chicago: Wright left Madison on 1887 and went to Chicago to work with Silsby for several months. 1888, I won myself a drawing job in Adler and Sullivan's office and worked under louis sullivan for six years. Sullivan was one of the few people who had an influence on Wright. Sullivan put forward a famous theory: "Form follows function" (or "Function decides form"), which comes from his decoration design concept based entirely on nature. Later, Wright revised this theory into: "Function and form are integrated". Sullivan is convinced that real American architecture should have American characteristics, rather than the traditional European architecture that is usually artificial. The idea was finally realized by Wright. The cooperation between Sullivan and Wright ended in 1893, because Sullivan found out that Wright had privately accepted a design job named Bootleg, which violated their agreement at that time. It was many years before they re-established their friendship. Wright always said that Sullivan was like his "Lieber Meister". At the age of 22, Wright married Catherine Tobin and settled in Oak Park in the suburbs of Chicago. 1893, Wright left Sullivan's office and set up his own architectural laboratory in Chicago. Soon he set up a studio in his home in Oak Park and moved the laboratory to his own home.

Organic architecture and Prairie Style: Wright's first masterpiece is Winslow's private house on the Follis River in Illinois 1893. This private house was designed by Wright for his first client, William Winslow, which shows that Wright likes to express architecture in strange scales. Wright believes that architecture should establish a connection between man and his environment. Wright claimed that the building he designed is organic architecture, which can reflect people's needs, the natural features of the site and use available natural materials. During this period, Wright's most famous architectural design was grassland house. The roof of this house has a small slope and deep beams, but there is no attic and basement. The long rows of windows emphasize the impression of the house being low. He used completely natural wood with spots instead of paint, which fully reflected the natural beauty of wood. This is his first attempt to design a brand-new and localized American building. At this time, Wright and some architects in Chicago designed in this way, forming the prairie school. Although Wright himself doesn't like being labeled as such, he has actually become the leader of this school. Wright began to give speeches in public and write some articles to express his views on architecture. Among his many speeches, the most famous one is "The Art and Technology of Machines".

This is 190 1 year. It indicates that the design concept has been accepted and widely spread by American architects. The "Arts and Crafts Movement" was very popular at that time, and this concept believed that the technical level could directly affect the design. Accordingly, Wright emphasized the role of design and design: it is important to show the simple and beautiful natural characteristics of wood, rather than simply imitating hand carving. Therefore, emphasizing simplification and insisting on natural treatment of materials are the characteristics of his design works. During this period, his main works include: Martin's private residence in Buffalo, new york; Robin's private residence in Chicago, Illinois; Larkin building; In Buffalo, new york; Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois (this is the first important building with pure concrete structure in the United States).

Root-seeking Journey: 1909, at the peak of Wright's career, he left his home and studio in Oak Park and came to Europe with a client's wife, Mama Boswick Cheney. When I was in Europe, I recommended two books introducing his works, which were published by Ernst Wasmuth, who is famous for his works. The two books are Ausgefü rhtebauten and Entwü rfe (published in 19 10) and Ausgefü rtebauten (65438). These two publications have won international fame for his works and influenced other architects. 19 1 1 year, Wright returned to his hometown (near Chun Lv, Tarier, Wisconsin), built a house for himself and set up a studio there. Soon, he got the opportunity to design a large entertainment center (called the midway garden) in Chicago. 19 13 years, he designed a hotel in Tokyo. 19 14, when Wright continued to design the halfway garden in Chicago, a psychopath set fire to Wright's residence in Tarier sheen, and Mama Cheney, her two children and four others were killed in the fire. Despite such a heavy blow, he quickly pulled himself together and rebuilt his home in Talesin. Shortly thereafter, while designing the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, Wright met miriam Noel, a female sculptor who later became his wife (they divorced in 1927). Imperial Hotel (famous for its seismic design) is one of the few buildings that survived the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, which basically destroyed the whole of Tokyo. The hotel was destroyed in 1968, but its lobby survived and was later transformed into an architectural park. It was also during this period that Wright designed several houses in Florida, such as the hollyhock house and the Mi Leide house. Among them, Mi Leide House used large masonry for the first time, which is a specially designed precast block made of steel bars and concrete. 1925, unfortunately, it happened again at Wright's house. His residence in Taliesin was burned down again, this time because of electricity leakage. Like last time, he rebuilt the house quickly.

Tarier Xin Design Group and Tarier Xin Xidong Base: 1928, Wright married Olga lazovic, the daughter of the Chief Justice of Montenegro. After that, he began to focus on writing and speaking. Through writing and speaking, he introduced himself to the general public. 1932, when he was 65 years old, he published Autobiography and Lost City, which widely influenced several generations of architects. Wright was a little depressed because he didn't receive the design project. At one time, he and his wife founded an architecture school in Talesin. This school is famous for its Tarier Sen Scholarship. According to Mr. and Mrs. Wright, the purpose of establishing this school is to provide a learning environment for people who study architecture, and ask them to take care of all aspects of their lives, so that they can become responsible, creative and civilized people. Here, these people can not only gain experience in architectural design, but also dabble in architectural structure, agricultural production, gardening and cooking. They must also study nature and learn music, art and dance. 1927, Wright was invited to design Biltmore, Arizona. After 1927, Wright and several draftsmen set up a temporary desert camp near Chandler, which Wright named "Okatra". 1934, when Wright and Tarier design group made a model for Broadacre, Arizona, Wright was considered as a master architect who was about to be abandoned by the times. However, in 1936, Wright proved the error of this assertion to people, and he accomplished several important design tasks, which was excellent. These include: Johnson wax administration building in Racine; Running water); In rural Pennsylvania; Jacobs private residence (a cheap but practical building, the first Usoni-style building). During World War II, these works won Wright's extensive social praise and a lot of design tasks. Robert Twombly wrote in his autobiography for Wright in 1973: "After nearly 20 years of low tide, his strong creative desire is as dramatic as the revival of American art, which is even more impressive, because Wright is now 70 years old." 1937, Wright designed Wingspread near Racine, Wisconsin, a residence designed for Herbert F. Johnson of Johnson Wax Company. In the same year, Wright decided to establish a permanent winter residence in Arizona. He bought hundreds of acres of barren land at the foot of mcdowell Mountain in Scottsdale, Arizona. Here, he and the Taliesin design team built Taliesin West into a desert camp, where they planned to spend the winter to avoid the bad weather in Wisconsin. According to Wright's own words, "Talesinsi is an illusion of a world." (Talesinsi is an edge overlooking the world) This is a bold attempt of desert architecture system. For 20 years, Tarisin West has been Wright's architectural laboratory. Wright tried the latest architectural scheme, structural scheme and architectural details he designed there. As Wright's winter camp for many years, Talesin West and his design team designed and built their own homes, shops, schools and studios, which all reflected the distinctive characteristics of desert life. It was also in these years that Wright designed the Monona Terraced Civic Center. In Madison, Wisconsin. In addition, he continued to design in the style of "Iunian", which later became as popular as his early "grassland" style buildings. This is a cast-in-place single-story building. It is characterized by the innovation of heating mode, prefabricated wall made of wood and tar paper, large open and flowing space, and the invention of carport.

Last decade: In the last decade of Wright's career, he won a lot of awards, titles, medals and honors. Many international exhibitions have been held one after another, such as 195 1 "Sixty Years of Architectural Career" opened in Palazzo Strozzi, Florence. 1954 published "House of Nature", and discussed the architecture of Ussonian style and a new concept-"Ussonian automation". 1955, Wisconsin State University awarded Wright an honorary doctorate in fine arts. In the same year, Wright designed the final plan of Guggenheim Museum in a room of new york Plaza Hotel, which was accepted at 1943. He redecorated the design room with black and red paint and pottery red thick carpet, and named it Taliesin East. The following year, Chicago Mayor lichard daley named 10 year 10 month 17 as "Chicago Wright Day". 1956, Wright wrote a book called The Story of the Tower to commemorate the construction of the Presta in bartels, Oklahoma. That is, this year, the Guggenheim Museum broke ground. Although Wright's main architectural works in his life were residential buildings, 1957 became a turning point. That year, his studio got 59 projects, 35 of which were public buildings. The most famous of these works is the Marin County Municipal Center in California. In the same year, Wright also went to Baghdad to meet the Iranian king and designed an opera house and some municipal buildings. However, these designs were not realized during the Iranian revolution in 1958. He also designed the state capitol, Arthur Miller and Marilyn Monroe's private houses for Arizona, but these designs were never implemented. At the age of 90, Wright wrote another book, a test amendment. As the archivist Bruce Brools Pfeiffier said, Wright made a final summary of his works and artistic achievements in the 20th century. 1958, Wright was over 90 years old, and he got 3 1 brand-new design tasks. At this time, the total number of items on his design desk reached an astonishing 166. This year, he also wrote The Living City, and he also supervised the construction of the Guggenheim Museum, which was not completed until his death. The auditorium he designed for Arizona State University in 1959 was also completed after his death. In Wright's life, * * * made 1 100 designs, and nearly one third of them were completed in his last decade. Wright has amazing self-renewal ability and is tireless in architectural design. He created real American architecture. Through his works, his works and hundreds of students he trained, his thoughts were spread all over the world.