What do you think of Pipa?

Pipa is a plucked instrument, known as "the king of plucking" and "the first plucked instrument". Understand the basic notation, pitch and rhythm, which are the most basic in music, and then compare them with the pipa technique symbols in the book. From top to bottom, right above the sound, all are right-handed piano playing skills, bouncing wheels and so on. At the top left of the sound, the capitalized one, two, three and four represent the order of the left hand, and at the bottom of the sound, one ||| three X represents the string, which is empty if parentheses are added. The Roman numerals further down represent the position. Wooden, the speaker is half pear-shaped with four strings on it. Originally made of silk thread, now it is made of steel wire, steel rope and nylon. The neck and panel have "phase" and "product" for determining phonemes. It is an important national musical instrument for solo, accompaniment, ensemble and ensemble. The earliest musical instrument "Pipa" in China appeared around the Qin Dynasty. "Bi" refers to "a string with equal columns". "Ba" means that this instrument is always attached to the player, unlike the harp, which does not touch the human body.

The notation of pipa;

1 pipa score

The first volume contains Wang Junxi's biography, including five literary boards, seven martial boards, 65,438+0 miscellaneous boards, and 65,438+0 Daqu Ten Faces (also known as Huai Pingchu, called Ten Faces in Fahrenheit Spectrum). The second volume contains the biography of Chen Mufu in Zhejiang. There are five random eight boards such as Sick Spring and Revenge of Zhaojun 18, treading on thin ice and Clever Clothes 12, Good Spring and Phoenix Tooth Beads, and 65,438+miscellaneous boards such as Inverted Lotus and Little Moon Height. The second volume contains five major tracks, including Your Legend, Dismantling Overlord, Christina He Na, Yueergou and Puan Mantra. Fahrenheit was faithful to the old score, without adding or changing it. Referring to Qin's subtraction notation, he drew up a relatively complete fingering notation of pipa, which standardized the tuning, position and fingering of pipa, and made great contributions to the preservation and dissemination of excellent pipa music.

2 History of Pipa

Over the years, many pipa schools have been formed in China, including Zhejiang, Zhili, Wuxi, Pudong, Pinghu and Chongming. Each school of the same music has its own characteristics in score, fingering and playing style. Hua, a representative of Wuxi School, also known as (1784- 1859), borrowed the owner of Yunge and was from Dangkou Town, Wuxi. He is good at playing the piano and singing Kunqu opera, and is good at poetry, seal cutting, painting and general medicine. He used to practice medicine as a profession and was an artist with great wisdom and foresight. In his view, all along, music scores have been given and received directly between teachers and apprentices in various schools, and there has never been a comprehensive music score that can be widely spread. "Lu Yuhai's mistake" often occurs in the process of copying, which limits the performance art of pipa and is very unfavorable to the development of pipa art.

During the period of Ganjia in Qing Dynasty, although there were many schools of Chinese pipa, it was generally divided into two factions: the south was represented by Chen Mufu of Zhejiang, and the north was led by Wang Junxi of Zhili. From south to north, Hua learned the secret scores of these two schools from Chen Mufu and there at that time. After returning to Wuxi, he cooperated with colleagues Hua Yingshan, Hua Zitong, Zhu Youquan, Xue Yuquan, etc. On the basis of humbly listening to the opinions of predecessors of Wuxi School, such as Qiu Jinsheng, Chen Meizun and Cai Kaiji, he collected and compiled the True Story of the North-South School Pipa.

3 Introduction to Fahrenheit Spectrum

Fahrenheit's score * * * contains four songs from the North School 14 and 54 songs from the South School. It is written on the blackboard with Gongchi notation and fingering. Referring to the piano notation method, Hua standardized and formulated relatively complete fingering symbols (left fingering 16, right fingering 8), which laid the foundation for recording and editing pipa music scores in later generations.

Fahrenheit has a great influence on later generations, and the complete score of the famous pipa House of Flying Daggers (also known as Huai Pingchu, named "Ten Faces" in Fahrenheit) was first seen here. The only existing work "Puan Mantra" by Yang, a famous pipa player in Wuxi, can also be seen here. Other factions more or less adopted part of Fahrenheit's music and adapted it into popular playing music one after another; Wuxi School became famous.

4 "Pipa Spectrum, a Secret Book of North and South Schools"

The book Pipa Story, a secret book of the North-South School, was published three times before and after, which provided valuable information for the study of ancient pipa and had a great influence on later scholars. There are not many direct descendants of Wuxi School, and even fewer people can interpret and apply Gongchi notation now. But in any case, Wuxi School played a connecting role in the middle of Qing Dynasty, and its contribution to the development of pipa art was indeed historic.