The Structure of Four Waters Returning to the Hall

The quadrangle building is the most common traditional building form in southern China, the main component of the internal lighting system of the building group, the organizational core of drainage and ventilation of the traditional residential buildings in southern China, and the important component of the traditional architectural image in southern China. The quadrangle in ancient Huizhou was called "Tang Ming", and there was also a saying that "four waters belong to Tang Ming".

Direct lighting refers to directly opening the lighting window; Indirect lighting refers to the opening of lighting windows in closed corridors, halls and kitchens for direct lighting.

The patio is rich in style, complicated in carving and exquisite in craftsmanship. Judging from the shape of the opening, there are squares, rectangles and circles. From the perspective of four-sided space, there are fence-type and enclosure-type, and the width of cloth openings is different, forming a transitional leisure space between the main hall and the lobby.

The changeable patio is composed of wellhead, shaft and hall, which objectively forms a transitional transparent space between the main hall and the hall, which is completely different from the concealment of the inner room and the solemnity of the hall.

The bottom of the well is mostly paved with local purple or sesame granite. The shaft consists of a hall, a pavilion and a roof. The space is strewn at random, and the indoor floor is mostly paved with stone slabs to adapt to the warm and humid climate in the south of the Yangtze River.

Traditional courtyard houses are mainly one-story and two-story, and there are also a few houses with three or more floors. Through the organization of the patio, the circular alternation of closed and open space at the top is formed, showing an orderly opening and closing, rich and changeable space form.

The patio of traditional residence embodies the importance of space in architecture. After thousands of years of baptism, the patio of traditional houses has inspired the spatial design of modern cultural buildings in terms of spatial form, lighting, shading, ventilation and drainage.