The role of residential planning in the city

The Role of Residential Planning in Cities

Introduction: People are the protagonists of the environment, let the building talk with people, attract people to parks and squares to become the space for citizens to communicate and contact, so that citizens can enjoy sufficient sunshine, green space, fresh air, modern public **** facilities, comfortable and safe living environment, this kind of urban environment rich in the interest of life and the human touch has become the goal of planning and construction for the 21st century for many cities in the world. Cities for the 21st century planning and construction goals. The following is my carefully organized role of residential planning in the city, welcome to read and collect.

The role of residential planning in the city?

The residential area is an organic part of the city, but also a microcosm of a city and society, and its level of planning and construction, reflecting the residents in the pursuit of life and culture, related to the appearance of the city, is the main symbol of the development of social material civilization and spiritual civilization.

Residential areas can be divided into residential areas, neighborhoods and clusters according to the number of households or population size. Residential area refers to different population sizes of residential life and specifically refers to the urban arterial roads or natural boundaries of the enclosure, and with the size of the residential population of 30,000 to 50,000 people corresponds to, with a complete set of complete, to meet the residents of the area of the material and cultural life of the public **** service facilities of the residence of the residential life of the settlement. Residential district refers to a residential area surrounded by residential roads or natural boundaries, and corresponding to the size of the residential population (7,000-15,000 people), with a set of public **** service facilities that can meet the basic material and cultural needs of the residents of the district. Residential clusters are generally separated by neighborhood roads and correspond to the size of the residential population (1,000 to 3,000 people), with a set of public **** service facilities to meet the basic needs of the residents of the residential life of the settlement. Residential planning is one of the main contents of detailed urban control planning, and is an important step in realizing the urban master plan. Residential planning is to meet the residents of the residence, work, rest, culture and education, life services, transportation and other aspects of the requirements of a comprehensive construction planning, it reflects to some extent a country in different periods of socio-political, order and peace. In addition, with the continuous development of the socialist market economy, the residential industry has become one of the important pillar industries of our country's economic development, and residential district planning is to drive the leading role in the development of the residential industry, and its level, to a large extent, affects and drives the development of other related sectors in the residential industry. Residential planning also by the rationing system of settlement planning to the scientific demand and market-oriented planning changes. Therefore, improve the planning and construction of residential district, create a high-quality living environment, can more effectively meet the needs of the majority of residents, and get good economic, social and environmental benefits, and promote the further development of the housing industry. In short, to improve the comprehensive development of urban residential areas, improve the level of planning and design of residential areas, has great practical significance.

Residential planning and master planning of the relationship between the city's planning is the city government on urban development goals of decision-making, "the Chinese people's **** and the State Urban Planning Law" stipulates that China's urban planning stage is divided into two stages of master planning and detailed planning. The stage of urban master planning mainly studies and determines the development objectives, principles, strategic deployment and other major issues of the city, and its task is to comprehensively study and determine the nature, scale, capacity and development pattern of the city according to the outline of the urban planning, to coordinate the arrangement of urban and rural construction land, including residential land, and to reasonably configure the various basic engineering facilities of the city, and to ensure that the objectives of the city at each stage of the development, the pathway of the development, and the scientific layout and structure, and to optimize the layout and structure. It also ensures the optimization of the development objectives, development paths, development procedures and the scientificity of the layout and structure of the city at each stage, and guides the reasonable development of the city. The task of detailed planning is to take the master plan or zoning plan as the basis, stipulate in detail the various control indexes and planning management requirements of the construction land, or directly make specific arrangements and planning design for the construction projects. Therefore, the master plan is the basis for making detailed plan, while the detailed plan is the deepening and supplementing of the master plan. As one of the main contents of the detailed planning stage of the city, the planning of the residential area must be based on the master plan and the requirements of the recent construction based on the master plan of the city, and make a comprehensive `comprehensive arrangement for all the construction in the small area. In addition, because the residential area is an important part of the city, the residential space is the continuation of the urban space, its existence and operation can not leave the city, so the district planning process should also rely on the urban master plan, take into full consideration of a certain period of time the level of the country's economic development and the residents of the city of the cultural and economic living standards, the living habits of the residents, the material and technological conditions, as well as the climate, the topography and the status quo.

Types of residential neighborhoods due to construction conditions, location or number of residential floors, residential neighborhoods can be divided into different types. According to the different construction conditions of the district can be divided into a new residential district and the city's old residential district reconstruction. New residential district is generally easy to follow the reasonable requirements for the construction, while the old residential district reconstruction is often more complex, some of the layout of the chaos, the need to adjust; some have a traditional urban pattern and architectural style, the need to retain and remodeling. Generally speaking, the reconstruction of old residential neighborhoods relative to the new residential neighborhoods to be much more difficult, such as in the implementation process, to solve the residents of the relocation, resettlement and other issues. According to the different locations of the district can be divided into residential districts within the city and independent residential districts. Residential neighborhoods within the city on the land is an organic part of the city's residential land, residential neighborhoods are equipped with public **** facilities for the residents of the community services, this type of neighborhoods in the construction and management, life supply and the residents of the work, study, rest and so on have close contact with the city. Independent residential district is generally designed for a factory and mining enterprise workers and their families and built, and therefore live in a single object. These districts are far away from the city and the city's transportation links are inconvenient, with a greater independence, the area is often larger, small areas set up in the public **** service facilities project quota indicators than the city within the residential neighborhoods have increased. In addition, there is a class of independent residential district built in the city outside the natural landscape environment of the better part of the construction standard is higher, mostly low-rise residential areas or villa area, the residents of the district employment in the city, the transportation rely on the private ownership of motor vehicles, this kind of residential district in the residents of the work, life, etc., and the city there is a closer link. In addition, according to the different layers of residential areas can be divided into low-rise residential areas, multi-storey residential areas, high-rise residential areas or a variety of layers of mixed construction of residential areas; according to the different construction standards in the area can be divided into ordinary residential areas, high-level apartments, villas, residential areas and so on.

The basic requirements of residential district planning residential district planning is the residents of the residence, work, rest, culture and education, life services, transportation and other aspects of the requirements of the integrated construction planning. Residential community planning and design should generally meet the following requirements: 1. Use requirements. To meet the use requirements of the residents of residential areas, to create a comfortable and convenient living environment for residents. Residential district of the land layout should be reasonable, there should be perfect residential and public **** service facilities, roads and public **** green space. In order to adapt to different areas, different demographic composition and the requirements of different income households, residential communities should be selected to suit the local characteristics, reasonable design, shape and variety, comfortable and beautiful residential types; for the convenience of residents living in the community, the planning should be reasonably determined community public **** service facilities, the project, the scale of its distribution, to achieve a complete range of public **** service facilities, equipment and advanced, the distribution of the appropriate, and the Residential contact is convenient; in order to adapt to the economic growth and the improvement of the people's material standard of living, the planning should be reasonably determine the direction of the community road and road section form, walking and vehicular non-interference, and should also be based on the needs of the residents of residential communities, and reasonably determine the indicators and layout of the parking lot; in addition, the planning should also be reasonably organized community residents outdoor rest and activity venues and public **** green space, to create a pleasant Residential living environment. 2. health requirements. Residential planning and design to meet the residents of health requirements, that is, for residents to create a good sunshine, ventilation conditions, no air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution of the living environment. Residential district should have a well-planned and designed water supply and rainwater, sewage drainage facilities, gas and centralized heating system to ensure that the residential district air is fresh, clean water, no harmful gases and smoke pollution; residential layout within the district to maintain a reasonable spacing and direction in order to facilitate access to adequate sunlight and good ventilation or wind conditions, and can effectively prevent noise pollution; in addition, the planning of residential districts to be There is a large area of public **** green space, in order to achieve the improvement of microclimate, purify the air, reduce pollution, prevent noise and other requirements. 3. safety requirements. Residential district planning should meet the residents of the security requirements, the residents of the settlement of daily living safety and prevention of fire, earthquake, human security and other aspects of the more thorough consideration, to create a safe community living environment. Residential community planning residential courtyard space layout, the residents of the security needs to be fully taken into account, with a reasonable residential courtyard space layout for residents to provide a full understanding of the opportunity to get acquainted with each other, and to facilitate the residents of the neighborhood in and out of strangers for observation and sight tracking, so that the residents *** with the responsibility of management and monitoring the environment, and effectively increase the degree of security of the residential community. In addition, residential community planning must also be able to adapt to those special and extraordinary circumstances that may cause disasters to occur, such as fires, earthquakes, air raids and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze all kinds of possible disasters, and according to the relevant provisions of the building waterproof, earthquake-proof construction, safety spacing, safety evacuation routes and venues, human underground structures and other necessary arrangements, so that the planning is conducive to preventing the occurrence of disasters or reduce the degree of their harm.4. Economic requirements. Planning and construction of residential areas should be adapted to the requirements of the socialist market economy, and the level of national economic development, the standard of living of the residents, in order to meet the residents to use the premise of minimizing the construction cost and saving urban land. In order to meet the economic requirements of residential planning and construction, we should be good at using a variety of planning and layout of life, to create conditions for the economy of residential construction.5. Beautiful requirements. Residential district planning to meet the residents of the living environment beautiful requirements. Practice has proved that is located in a high-quality beautiful residential environment in the residential tend to attract the attention of home buyers. Thus, the residential district should be combined with the topographical features and district peripheral urban environment, to create a cityscape rich in characteristics. Community planning in addition to requiring designers to focus on residential and public **** building monomer design, should give full consideration to the combination of architectural group space, architectural groups and the combination of the surrounding environment, various types of green planting design and the appearance of the community's color harmony and unity, so as to shape the overall image of a beautiful residential community. With the deepening of reform and opening up and the further development of the socialist market economy, the majority of residents in the solution of the housing problem will be more and more strong requirements for the environment of the settlement of beautiful. Therefore, to adapt to the residents of this requirement for residential planning is very necessary.

Urban residential planning and design specifications After the founding of New China, China did not specifically formulate the technical specifications of residential planning and design, but from the conception to the methodology, from the principles to the indicators are basically applied to the former Soviet Union's relevant models. In the process of using, also has combined with China's actual promulgation of some provisions, such as the former State Construction Committee in 1980 promulgated the "Interim Provisions on Urban Planning Quotas and Indicators", on the residential area, some of the indicators of the district has made specific provisions. But with the passage of time and the rapid progress of the urban economy, the original provisions have been far from being able to meet the requirements of planning and design and planning management, mainly manifested as follows: 1. no perfect, unified technical requirements and guidelines for residential planning and design, the basic living environment in the residential area is difficult to be guaranteed; 2. no technical control, it is difficult to control development and construction of changes to the arbitrariness of the design; 3. difficult to adapt to the commercial economy on the planning and design of residential areas. Difficult to adapt to the new requirements of the commodity economy on the planning and design of residential areas; 4. Different interpretations, different caliber of calculation, difficult to review and lack of comparability. In order to strengthen the standardization and normative work in the field of urban planning, and to promote the improvement of the planning level and technical progress, the State Planning Commission issued the task of compiling the national technical standard of "Urban Residential Planning and Design Specification" in 1986, which was edited by the China Academy of Urban Planning and Design in July 1987, with the participation of Beijing Municipal Institute of Urban Planning and Design and Shanghai Municipal Institute of Urban Planning and Design, and with the participation of Hubei Urban Planning and Design Institute, Wuhan Urban Planning and Design Institute, and the participation of Hubei Municipal Institute of Urban Planning and Design. Planning and Design Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan City Urban Planning and Design Institute, Heilongjiang Province Urban Planning and Design Institute, Tangshan City Planning Bureau, Chongqing Municipal Planning and Design Institute, Changzhou Municipal Planning Bureau and Tongji University Institute of Urban Planning *** with the editorial, and set up by the above 10 units to participate in the compilation of the group and by the China Institute of Urban Planning and Design Institute, Beijing Institute of Urban Planning and Design Institute, the Shanghai Municipal Urban Planning and Design Institute After more than two years of efforts, with the strong support of the relevant departments of all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, the preparation work was completed, and in July 1993, it was approved and released by the Ministry of Construction and came into effect on February 1, 1994, and the Code for Planning and Design of Urban Residential Areas was formulated with the participation of the Institute of Urban Planning of the University of Beijing. The purpose of the development of "urban residential planning and design specifications" is to summarize the planning and construction of residential areas since the establishment of the country on the basis of experience, drawing on foreign experience, in the limited space of the planning scope of the residential area, to ensure that the residents of the basic living conditions and the living environment, economic, rational and effective use of land and space; unified planning content, unified meaning of the word and the caliber of the calculation, in order to improve the scientific, adaptive, advanced planning and design of the residential area. To improve the scientific, adaptability, advancement and comparability of the planning and design of residential areas; to reflect the comprehensive benefits of social, economic and environmental aspects, and to incorporate the planning and design, approval and implementation of residential areas into the track guided by technical regulations. The Urban Residential Planning and Design Code is applicable to urban residential planning and design: 1. Comprehensively applicable to the planning and design of residential areas in newly built districts. This is because the planning and design of residential areas has its own complete planning system and planning and design of the overall connotation, it must be compatible with the size of the residential population or the scale of residential construction, with the construction of the corresponding public **** service facilities, roads and public **** green space and other facilities to meet the residents in the area of clothing, food, housing, use and transportation of the basic needs. For the new district, because in addition to the current topography of the basic no other conditions constraints, basically have a unified planning prerequisites, can be based on the planning content of the residential area, planning principles and basic requirements, qualitative and quantitative standards for the complete planning and design of residential areas. 2. Basic content applies to the old urban areas of the residential population settlement of the transformation of planning. The old city is the birthplace of the city, and because of the nature of the city, scale, functions and complexity of the current physical constraints, transformation planning involves all aspects, many problems, difficulties, the focus of the problem is also different, the planning prerequisites are different, the comprehensive development of the old city transformation of the relevant provisions of the difficulty. Limited to time and manpower, this specification is only for the old urban renewal in the main issues with **** made clear provisions, such as daylight standards, green space indicators and so on. Other related basic content should follow the provisions of this specification under the premise, combined with the actual use of the city's old town.

Principles of planning and design of residential areas According to the "Urban Residential Planning and Design Code", the planning and design of residential areas should follow the following basic principles:

1. In line with the requirements of the city's overall planning;

2. In line with the unified planning, rational layout, according to the local conditions, integrated development, supporting the construction of the principle;

3. Nature, climate, ethnicity, customs and traditional features and other local characteristics of the planning site around the environmental conditions, make full use of the planning site has retained the value of the river and lake waters, topographic features, vegetation, roads, buildings and structures, and so on, and will be included in the planning;

4. Adapt to the pattern of activities of the residents, and take into account the sunlight, lighting, ventilation, disaster prevention, supporting facilities and management requirements to create a convenient, comfortable, safe and beautiful Convenient, comfortable, safe and beautiful living environment;

5. Provide conditions for the life and social activities of the elderly and the disabled;

6. Create conditions for industrialized production, mechanized construction and diversification of building groups and spatial environments;

7. Create conditions for the commercialization of business, social management and phased implementation;

8. Give due consideration to the three aspects of social, economic and environmental Comprehensive benefits.

The content of residential district planning The content of residential district planning generally has the following aspects:

1. Select, determine the location of residential district land, scope (including the scope of alteration);

2. Determine the size of the district, that is, to determine the number of people and the size of the land (or according to the size of the land in the area of the alteration to determine the number of people);

3. According to the requirements of the residential district construction and development units, the residential district residential building types (including single dormitory), the proportion of layers, the number and layout;

4. According to the relevant provisions of the "Urban Residential Planning and Design Code" and the requirements of the construction and development units, to develop a residential district public **** service facilities content, scale, quantity (including rooms and land), distribution and layout of the way;

5. According to the relevant provisions of the Code to develop the width of roads at all levels, cross-section form, layout;

6. According to the relevant provisions of the Code to develop the number of public **** green space, sports, rest and other outdoor venues, distribution and layout; 7. Development of the relevant municipal utilities engineering planning and design program;

8. Development of the residential area Various technical and economic indicators and cost estimates

Scientific measures for urban residential landscape design

1, optimize the plant layout of the residential area

Optimize the plant layout of the residential area, not only to improve the overall quality of the landscape level, but also to create a good living environment for the residents. Can create a good living environment for residents. In the plant layout planning, according to the actual function and demand for planning. In the periphery of the residential area near the road part, should be appropriate to arrange some higher, more lush plants, in order to play a role in reducing noise, purify the air. Inside the residential area, in order to effectively regulate the climate, reasonable plant collocation and planning, to ensure that in each season of the year, can play the function of climate regulation, increase the comfort of the residential area, for residents to create a good living environment.

2, rich green plant species

For the current urban residential garden plants are relatively single status quo, the relevant designers should be based on the actual needs of the appropriate enrichment of green plant species. The selection of plant species, to consider the local address environment and local climate environment. If the environmental humidity of the residential area is low, should choose the plants with good humidity control performance; if the environmental wind speed of the residential area is too high, should choose the plants with good wind reduction effect. In short, the relevant designers, according to the local conditions of the residential area, select the appropriate green plant species, scientific and effective collocation and design, so that the residential garden can play a role in improving the climate, regulating temperature, shading and cooling and reduce wind speed, to create a good living environment for residents.

3, improve the functionality of urban residential landscaping

In the process of urban residential landscaping design, to improve the degree of attention to its functionality, to enhance the overall quality of urban landscaping is of great significance. Residential garden landscape design, should be reasonable on the entertainment and leisure places and plant landscape design layout, to achieve a better comprehensive effect. At the same time, the entertainment and leisure places should be specifically divided into transportation places and resting and viewing places. One of the transport to the place mainly includes basketball courts, badminton courts and tennis courts, etc.; rest and landscape appreciation place usually includes, resting place, chess place, landscape appreciation garden, etc.. In the specific design, more functional division and design, can play a good comprehensive effect. In short, in the process of urban residential landscape design, according to the actual situation of the residential area to consider various aspects. So that we can design a better appearance and functionality of the urban garden. With the acceleration of urbanization, the quality of urban garden landscape design requirements will be further improved, which requires us to have an innovative concept, and constantly explore to better meet the future design needs.