The difference between ancient masterpieces and modern texts

I see that the owner is asking about the difference between modern and ancient texts or the difference in the writing style between ancient masterpieces and current texts?

Can I answer this way.

Ancient masterpieces

The Journey to the West was written according to the folk anecdotes about Tang Xuanzang's journey to obtain scriptures in the Dharma and the opera to organize and create. The book is divided into three parts:

The first part is about the history of the Monkey King (the first to the seventh times)

The second part is about the origin of the Tang Monk's quest for scriptures (the eighth to the twelfth times)

The third part is about the process of the Tang Monk's quest for the scriptures, which is also known as the process of the eighty-one difficulties (the thirteenth to the ninety-ninth times)

Some scholars have pointed out that Journey to the West is a blueprint to depict the heavenly palace with the earth as the blueprint. Some scholars point out that the Journey to the West uses the earth as a blueprint to depict the Heavenly Palace, so that readers can react to the chaos in the real society through the Monkey King, who subdues the demons and subdues the devil.

Some scholars have pointed out that "Journey to the West" uses the earth as a blueprint to depict the heavenly palace, allowing readers to react to the chaos in the real world through the Monkey King, who is a demon smasher.

Wu Cheng'en played a positive romanticism in the creation of the "Journey to the West", rich in imagination, special character conception, painting people and demons as one, in which the image of the Monkey King is more distinctive and prominent, he is brave and resourceful, but also like to fight with his younger brother

Full of humanity, coupled with the vivid description of the plot of the other characters, so that the "Journey to the West" not only became a complete mythological novel in the history of Chinese art, but also the bizarre changes of the world, which is the first time in the history of China's art.

The Journey to the West is not only a complete mythological novel in the history of Chinese art, but it is also very popular among foreign readers for its bizarre and fantastic plots of gods and monsters.

Appreciation of Water Margin

Water Margin is also known as Water Margin of Loyalty and Righteousness and Jianghu Haoqi (Legend of the Heroes of the Jianghu Lake). According to the Song Jin Yuan period Song Jiang uprising story processing compiled into the book, more than 200 years later, Shi Nai-an wrote according to the book, folk tales, opera wrote China's first full-length vernacular

novel Water Margin, in the history of China's development of vernacular literature, has the significance of a milestone.

Water Margin depicts the whole process of the formation, development and even failure of the peasant revolt represented by Song Jiang in the Shandong area in the late Northern Song Dynasty with artistic strokes. The novel begins with Gao Ziang's persecution of Wang Lun, and then focuses on the theme of "the government forces the people to rebel," successively

describes the experiences of 108 heroes, including Lu Zhishen, Lin Chong, Chao Gai, and Song Jiang, who were forced to go to Liangshan Mountain. From Lin Chong's fire and Wang Lun to the heroes of the White Dragon Temple small gathering, Liangshan team is basically formed; Zengtou City, Chao Gai's death, Song Jiang took over the position of the leader, continue to

recruit heroes to defend against the official army, in Liangshan Park will be all the heroes, the ranking of the seat. This is the basic content of the seven

tenth version of the book. Hundreds of times this following the "ranking" after the description of Liangshan heroes won two Tong Guan, three defeat Gao Ziangzius, reputation and prestige shocked the countryside. Afterwards, they accepted the imperial court's offer of peace and conquered the Liao invaders in the north, winning a great victory. But in the suppression of the Fang La revolt, most of the heroes of the Liangshan Mountain lineup

death. The story of Tian Hu and Wang Qing was inserted in the middle of the book, and the ending was the same as that of the book: a violent peasant revolt finally failed.

Introduction to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, formerly known as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, also known as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is the founding work of the ancient Chinese novel, and is the most representative of China's long historical novels. The whole book is not very deep, not very vulgar,

simple and clear, full of momentum, lively and vivid.

Luo Guanzhong (1330-1400), known as Ben and known as Hukai Sanren, was a popular novelist of the Ming Dynasty. He is said to have served as a guest of Zhang Shicheng, a peasant insurgent at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. He also wrote popular novels such as "Sui and Tang Zhi Zhuan" and plays such as "Zhao Taizu Longhu Feng Yunhui".

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms depicts the history of nearly one hundred years between the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty. The book reflects the political and military struggles of the Three Kingdoms era and the penetration and transformation of various types of social conflicts, and portrays a number of powerful and heroic characters.

The main tendency of respecting Liu and opposing Cao was implied in Luo Guanzhong's time as the people's hope for the revival of the Han race. Today we should have a dialectical understanding of this tendency of the author.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms portrays nearly 200 characters, the most successful of which are Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Guan Yu and Liu Bei. Zhuge Liang is the author's mind of the "wise prime minister" incarnation, he has "bowed to exhaustion, undead," the high wind

Bright section, with the world to help the people to re-create a peaceful world of ambition, and the author also gave him call the wind and rain, the magic calculation of the The author has also given him the ability to call the wind and rain, and the ability to make miraculous calculations. Cao Cao is a treacherous man, he lives by the creed "I would rather teach me to lose the world, not teach the world to lose me", both

have great talent, but also brutal and treacherous, is a political ambitious conspirator which is not to be confused with the real Cao Cao in history. Guan Yu was "fierce and resolute" and "righteous as a mountain". But his righteousness is predicated on personal grudges, not the righteousness of the nation. Liu Bei was portrayed by the author as a benevolent ruler who loves the people and loves things, regards the wise and knows the people well

Meng of Red Mansions

Meng of Red Mansions is the peak of the ancient Chinese long novels. The whole book is 120 times, the first 80 times are made by Cao Xueqin, and the last 40 times are said to be renewed by Gao Osprey.

Cao Xueqin 1715? a 1763? name Zhan, the word Meng Ruan, the number of Xueqin, also known as the celery stream dweller. He was a great novelist of the Qing Dynasty. Ancestry is said to be Hebei Fengrun, said Liaoyang, Liaoning. After the Qing Dynasty, he was enrolled in the Household Office of the Zhengbai Banner. From his great-grandfather to his father, his family inherited Jiangning Weavers. When he was young, his family was very powerful and distinguished. Later, his father was convicted of a crime, the property was confiscated, the family declined. Cao's family moved from the south to the north, and after middle age, he lived in the northwest suburbs of Beijing, where his family lived in poverty, and lived a life of "porridge for the whole family". Cao Xueqin was a multi-talented poet and painter with a penchant for wine and conversation and an arrogant personality.

When he wrote "Dream of the Red Chamber" 80 times, he was forced by poverty and illness, and his son died young, so he died with hatred, making "Dream of the Red Chamber" an unfinished work.

The Dream of Red Mansions, also known as The Book of Stones and The Edge of Gold and Jade, depicts a series of love stories of young men and women inside and outside the Grand View Garden against the backdrop of the four great families of JIA, WANG, SHI, and XUE, and the love stories of JIA BAOYU and LIN DAIYU as the main theme, which centers around the emotional entanglements of the two main characters. At the same time, through the depiction of the social environment in which these love tragedies arose, involving the political and legal, patriarchal, women's, moral and marital aspects of feudal society, it signaled the state of the world at the end of feudal society, exposing the decadence and evils of the feudal aristocracy and its rule, glorifying the rebellious characters who pursued the light, and announcing the inevitable demise of this society through the tragic fate of the rebels. It can be said that Meng of the Red Chamber is an encyclopedia of social life in the late feudal society of China.

Dream of Red Mansions portrays vivid characters such as Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai. Baoyu always stood outside the feudalism spirit and morality, he regarded the career as a Locke, should be the words as a tool for fame and reputation, and regarded the reading of sages as a fear of the road, not only has a strong noble duchess dandy habits, but also has the anti-feudal rebelliousness. He respected women, respect for individuality, the pursuit of freedom, is a noble family and even the feudal system of the rebellious typical; Daiyu is an ice-clean, lonely, sentimental noble lady, she regarded love as her life, but her love is not allowed to be in the aristocratic family and destroyed; Baochai is a compliance with women's morals, abide by the rules of the feudal lady, she is also a victim of the feudal system.

The Dream of the Red Chamber breaks through the traditional way of taking materials and conceptualization, and highly condenses the society within the family as a whole, and the Jia House is actually a microcosm of the whole society.

The skill of writing people in Meng of the Red Chamber has reached the point of perfection, and the characters depicted are all vivid, distinctive, and have multiple personalities, breaking the typological characteristics of previous novels. The author's main techniques of shaping the characters' images include: shaping different characters in a broad social background with meticulous work; paying attention to the personalization of the characters, with specific and concise psychological descriptions; placing the characters in a specific artistic atmosphere; and placing the characters in a specific artistic atmosphere, which is the most important factor in the development of the novel. The characters are placed in a specific artistic atmosphere to emphasize their inner emotions.

Meng of the Red Chamber absorbs the nutrition of the language of classical Chinese literature and refines the language of the masses, melting into a precise, refined, pure, evocative and elegant language.

The plot of Meng of the Red Chamber is an organic whole; its structure is not only interconnected and crisscrossed, but also clear and methodical, just like life itself, without the traces of artificial axe chiseling.

The Dream of the Red Chamber, on the surface, seems to be an ordinary life, but it is able to see the big picture in a small way, and reflect the essence of life, with rich and profound social significance.

After the publication of Dream of Red Mansions, with its profound ideological meaning and exquisite artistic charm, it has shaken the hearts of readers for generations, and has produced a great influence across time and space, forming a powerful "red science" in the field of academic research. After more than two hundred years of wind and rain, "red science" not only did not decline, but more prosperous, which is sufficient to illustrate the "Dream of the Red Chamber" has the artistic value.

There are two systems in the version of Dream of the Red Chamber, one is only circulating 80 times of the fat comment copy system; one is Cheng Weiyuan Gao Osprey finishing and supplementing the 120 times of the printed system. 1982 People's Literature Publishing House published the Dream of the Red Chamber 120 times of the proofreading and annotation of the book, is a more perfect new reading

Modern text

Now know the language of the positive rhetorical device : there are sixty-three major categories and seventy-eight minor categories.

Specifically, there are metaphors: they can be divided into: explicit metaphors, implicit metaphors, borrowed metaphors, bo metaphors (aka compound metaphors), inverted metaphors (aka reverse metaphors), antithetical metaphors, reciprocal metaphors (aka reflexive metaphors), more metaphors (aka strong metaphors), analogies, ornamental metaphors, introductory metaphors, and metaphors;

there are white descriptions, simulations (aka bibiomorphism), avoidance of repetitions, variations, cascades, cushioning (aka backing down) , backing (aka antithetical and chaperoning), inversions, inversions, and inversions. Inverted, iterative, superimposed word, superimposed, top true (a.k.a. jiuzhu), contrast, counterpoint (a.k.a. pair of couples, rows of couples), renovation, repetition, rhetorical question, antithesis, imitation of words, imitation of the chemical, fly white, subjugation (a.k.a. juxtaposition, joint narrative, joint statement);

There are duplication of the intricacies of the compound, compounding of the parapraxial, **** with the use of the combined, the call to action, the interplay between the body, mutual language, commutative, loop back, the return of the text, the descending, the borrowing, the interrogative, the ambiguity, the prose, the Fenlian, mimic painting (also divided into: mimic shape, mimic sound, mimic color), Lijin, Lianhe, hyperbole, warning, show, pun, rewording, overlap, referencing, canonical, quoting, transposing, Suzhen (also known as Lianzhu), harmonization, hiatus, symbolism, mosaic, analysis of the word, euphemistic (also divided into: circuitous language, humility and respect, avoidance of the language), euphemistic, through the senses (also known as shifting consciousness, shifting to), jumping out of the way, transcription, retreading.

[edit paragraph]Commonly used rhetorical role characteristics

1. Metaphor:

Metaphor consists of three parts:

1, the body

2, the metaphor

3, the simile

(the biggest difference between the metaphor and anthropomorphism is that the simile contains a metaphor, and anthropomorphism does not.)

Role: to express the content of the vivid and concrete image, to give a person a clear and deep impression, according to the similarity of things, with specific, shallow, common things on the esoteric things to explain, that is, play the analogy, to help a person in-depth understanding.

Three types of metaphors: explicit, implicit and borrowed:

Category Feature Ontology Metaphor Metaphor Example

Explicit Metaphors A is like B Appears like, seems like, seems to be, as, like, as if, as if, as if, as if Appears The little girl is like a flower.

Concealed Metaphor A is B appears is, becomes appears That thick and verdant landscape is simply a painting of green mountains and green water.

Borrowed Metaphors A is in place of B does not appear No appears The ground shoots up countless arrows, and thousands of waterfalls fall from the roofs of the houses.

Example sentence: The whole thing is an ethereal blue crystal. Lao She's Winter in Jinan

2. Comparison:

With the help of rich imagination, write about things as if they were people, or people as if they were things, or write about things as if they were things.

Role: can inspire the reader to imagine, make the article more vivid.

Comparison is divided into anthropomorphism and anthropomorphism

(1) Anthropomorphism:

Writing things as if they were human beings, giving them human actions, behaviors, thoughts, feelings, and activities, and describing them with the words used for describing human beings.

Function: to write beasts, birds, insects, flowers, plants, trees or other inanimate things as if they were human beings, so as to make the concrete things personified and the language vivid and graphic.

Example sentences:

1. Peach trees, apricot trees, pear trees, you don't let me, I don't let you, are full of flowers to catch a trip. Spring Zhu Ziqing (朱自清)

2.感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心. Spring Hope" Du Fu

3. The sun's face is red. Spring" Zhu Ziqing

(2) Mimicry:

1) comparing a person to a crop, or writing about this object as if it were another object

Example Sentences

1. The crowd surged forward in spite of everything.

2. The bully fled with his tail between his legs amid the hoots and hollers of the crowd.

2. write about thing A as if it were thing B.

Example sentences

1. The volcano let out a roar.

2. The moonlight, like running water, cascaded silently over the leaves and flowers. ("Moonlight in a Lotus Pond" by Zhu Ziqing)

3. Exaggeration:

The nature, characteristics, etc. of things are deliberately exaggerated or reduced.

Function: to suggest the nature of things, to set the atmosphere, to strengthen the rendering power, to cause associative effect.

Category Characteristics Examples

Expansion Exaggeration exaggerates the shape, nature, characteristics, function and extent of something The asphalt road melted, and even the bronze plaques in front of the stores seemed to melt

Diminution Exaggeration reduces the image of the thing, its nature, characteristics, function and extent to a smaller size.

4. Prologue:

Arranging three or more sentences that are similar in structure and length, consistent in tone, and related or identical in meaning.

Function: to strengthen the momentum, language atmosphere, so that the rhythm of the article to strengthen the sense of organization, better, more conducive to the expression of strong feelings (expression effect).

Example sentence: Their quality is so pure and noble, their will is so tough and strong, their temperament is so simple and humble, their bosom is so beautiful and broad.

5. Pair:

A pair of phrases or sentences with equal number of words, the same structural form, and symmetrical meaning, expressing two relative or similar meanings.

Role: neat and well-proportioned, strong sense of rhythm, highly generalized, easy to remember, musical beauty.

The main way

1, the right pair. The form of pairs in which the upper and lower sentences are similar in meaning, similar, complementary, and contrasting.

For example: reeds on the wall, head-heavy roots shallow; bamboo shoots in the mountains, mouth sharp skin thick belly empty.

2. Opposition. The upper and lower sentences are opposite or relative in meaning to each other.

For example. Cross-eyed coldly to a thousand, head down willing to be a child's cow.

3, string pair (running water pair). The meaning of the upper and lower sentences have the relationship of succession, progression, cause and effect, hypothesis, conditions and other forms of couples.

Example sentence: . I only drank water from the Yangtze River and ate Wuchang fish.

6. Repetition:

In order to emphasize a certain meaning, express a certain feeling, intentionally repeat a certain word sentence.

1. Continuous repetition (without other words in between)

Example sentence: The valley echoes, he just left, he just left.

2. Interval repetition (with other words in between)

Example sentence: As if the loss of the three provinces, the party state fell more and more like a country, the loss of the three eastern provinces who did not ring, the party state fell more and more like a country.

7. Questioning:

In order to arouse the attention of others, the question is deliberately asked and then answered.

Role: to attract attention, inspire the reader to think; to help the hierarchy, compact structure; can better describe the character's thought activities.

Example sentence: Why is the flower so red? There is its material basis in the first place.

8. Rhetorical questions (provocation, cross-examination, interrogation):

Expressing certainty in the form of a question, using the affirmative form of a rhetorical question to express the negative, using the negative form of a rhetorical question to express the affirmative, only questions are asked and not answered, and the answer is implied in the rhetorical question.

Role: strengthen the tone, thought-provoking, stimulate the reader's feelings, deepen the reader's impression, and enhance the momentum and persuasive power of the text.

Example sentence: what about me, don't I have something to blame?

9. Citation:

Citing ready-made words (idioms, poems, maxims, allusions, etc.) to improve the effect of language expression, divided into and two kinds.

Role: to make the argument conclusive and sufficient to enhance the persuasive power, rich inspirational, and the language is refined, subtle and elegant.

Ming quote (direct quote)

Example sentence: Confucius said: "three people, there must be my teacher. Therefore, a disciple need not be like a teacher, and a teacher need not be more virtuous than a disciple.

Dark Citation (Indirect Citation)

Example Sentence: Failure is the mother of success, you must not be discouraged.

10. Borrowing:

Instead of directly naming the person or thing to be expressed, it borrows a person or thing closely related to it instead

Types of Borrowing: Characteristics instead of Things, Concrete instead of Abstract, Part instead of the Whole, Whole instead of Part.

Function: to highlight the essential characteristics of things, enhance the image of language, so that the writing is simple and concise, the language is rich in change and a sense of humor; to attract associations, so that the expression of the image of prominent, distinctive, concrete and vivid effect.

Methods:

①Part for the whole. That is, the representative part of things on behalf of the body of things.

For example: the two sides of the green mountains relative to each other out, a lone sail a piece of the sun. （

2 characteristics on behalf of the body. That is, the borrowed body (people or things) features, signs to replace the body of the name of the thing.

For example: the round gauge turned back angrily on one side, and floundered on the other side, slowly walking out ...... ("Hometown")

③Concrete instead of abstract

For example: the South Beacon is ten years. ("Three Chapters on Meiling")

④The instrument substitutes for the body.

For example, by the time the hibernation season starts, eight out of ten families have already lighted up their hoards and can't open their pots and pans. (《榆钱饭》)

⑤专名代泛称。 The name of a typical person or thing is replaced by the specialized name of the ontological thing.

For example, if you kill one Li Gongpu, millions of them will stand up! ("The Last Lecture")

11. Antithesis:

To express the intended meaning by using words or sentences that are opposite to the intended meaning, and to strengthen the effect of expression by saying the opposite. Some are sarcastic and revealing, while others express intimate and friendly feelings.

E.g.: (Qing students) also have dissolved the braid, coiled flat, in addition to the cap, the oil can be seen, like a little girl's hair bun, but also the neck to twist a few times, is really standard.

12. Contrast:

Contrast is the two different things or two aspects of the same thing, put together to compare each other a rhetoric.

For example:

There are people who live, who are dead; and there are people who die, who are still alive. (Zang Kejia, "Some People")

To use comparison, one must have a deep understanding of the contradictory nature of the thing to be expressed. The two things contrasted or the two aspects of the same thing should have a relationship of mutual antagonism, otherwise they cannot constitute a contrast.

Parallelism, couplet, personification, hyperbole, rhetorical question ......

13. association:

seeing something and thus associating it with something, that is, imagining.

For example, the sun came out and the ground seemed to be on fire.

14. Generalization:

The so-called generalization is the use of the psychological phenomenon of mutual transportation of all kinds of senses, one sense to describe the expression of another sense of the rhetorical way.

Role: the use of the sense of the use of the sense of the evocative effect can be received, the expression of its role is irreplaceable. It can transform abstraction into image, so that readers better understand; it can be from the other, evoking people's rich associations; it can be unconventional, lively lines; it can be accurately expressed, far-reaching meaning; it can enrich the mood of the poem, constituting a special artistic beauty.

For example

"The morning bell is wet outside the clouds" (Du Fu's "rain in Kui Zhou is wet and I can't go to the shore") describes the sound of the bell with the word "wet", and the sound of the bell, which is heard, comes through the rain and goes through the clouds, so "wet", the sense of touch and the sense of hearing, is the same as "wet". ", the sense of touch and hearing communicate with each other.

"Good to drum the zither, lofty as high mountains, soupy as flowing water" (Lüshi Chunqiu - Benmei) Listening to the sound of the zither and knowing that one's aspirations are in the high mountains and flowing water, the sense of hearing and the sense of sight communicate with each other.

15. Pun:

Taking advantage of the multiple meanings of words and homophonic (or near-sound) conditions, intentionally making statements have a double meaning, the words in this and the meaning of the other, is a pun.

The pun can make the language expression subtle and humorous, and can deepen the meaning of the language, giving people a deep impression.

16.top true

Top true also do thimble

Use the end of the previous text for the beginning of the following, the first and the end of the first and the end of the next two or more times, so that the neighboring statements or pieces or chapters to pass down to the next, the first and the end of a succession of links, with symbols, that is, "ABC, CDE". This rhetorical device, called the top of the real, also known as the thimble or linkage.

The use of the top of the real rhetorical device, not only can make the sentence structure neat, coherent tone, but also can highlight the organic link between things interlocking.

Example sentence: Friendship is a flower that attracts swarms of butterflies.

Friendship is a butterfly, and the two dance.

Friendship is a dance that brings out the fire of passion.

Friendship is a fire that burns eternally.

Dreams are wings, flying in the eternal blue sky.

Dreams are the sky, covering the vast ocean.

Dreams are the sea, or small boat leisurely.

Dreams are boats, riding the waves at sea.

Love is the wind that rolls in thick clouds;

Love is the clouds that turn into timely rain;

Love is the rain that moisturizes the long-drought trees;

Love is the trees that hold up the green shade for you.

17. Intertext

With repair intertext, also called mutual rhetoric, is a rhetorical method often used in ancient poetry.

In ancient texts, taking the meaning belonging to one sentence (or phrase) and writing it in two sentences (or phrases), and explaining it in such a way that the meanings of the upper and lower sentences complement each other, is intertext.

Anciently, it is explained as "to refer to each other as a text, to contain and to see the text." Specifically, it is a form in which the two sentences above and below, or the two parts of a sentence, seem to say one thing each, but in fact they echo each other, expound on each other, complement each other, and say one thing. For example:

The moon in Qin time is bright and the moon in Han time is closed

The smoke covers the cold water and the moon covers the sand

Generals die in a hundred battles, and strong men return in ten years

The master dismounts from his horse and the guests get on the boat, and raise the wine to drink without a pipe string

When reading the works of ancient prose, it is easy to overlook the sentences using the technique of intertextualization, if you don't think carefully and savor the taste, you can easily overlook the past. For example:

(1) Huma smile, confuse Yangcheng, fascinate Xia Cai. (Song Yu's "Dengtu Zi's Lustful Fugue") means, "With a slight smile, she bewitched all the gentry in Yangcheng and Xia Cai."

(2) Zijian's assistance to documents is like oral recitation, while Zhongxuan's pen is like a host of constructions. (Wenxin Diao Long - Shen Si) means, "When Cao Zhi and Wang Ch'ang laid down their paper and took up their pens to write, it was as if they had written it beforehand and memorized it."

(3) Qi and Wei are in forced labor, and Jing and Han are in call. (Li Hua, "Essay on Hanging Ancient Battlefields") Qi Wei Jing (Chu) Han and other Warring States period monarchs recruited soldiers for the purpose of corvée guarding the borders."

(4) The brazen officials who come to our township, clamor to the east and west, and co?o to the north and south. (Liu Zongyuan's "The Snake Catcher's Sayings") means, "Fierce officials came to our village, clamoring and clamoring everywhere, harassing the people everywhere." The phrase "east, west, south and north" here refers to "everywhere" in general.

(5) Not to be happy with things, not to be sad. (Fan Zhong's "Records of the Yueyang Tower") means, "Not to be sad or happy because of the influence of external objects, nor to be happy or sad because of one's personal situation, good or bad."

18. Loop

Simply put, the loop is to read the same thing in reverse. For example:

The water in the pool rings; the gold in the valley is yellow.

Foshan incense to honor Xiangshan Buddha; Wengyuan milk to raise milk source Weng.

Star Island Harbor welcomes the star of Hong Kong Island.

The guest on the natural residence, actually heavenly guest; people over the big Buddha Temple, Temple Buddha greater than people.

19. Empathy

In order to emphasize some kind of strong feelings, the writer or speaker consciously gives the objective object some characteristics which are consistent with his own feelings but do not exist in reality, and such a rhetorical technique is called empathy.

Using the rhetorical technique of empathy, first of all, the subjective feelings are moved to the things, and in turn, the infected things are used to set off the subjective emotions, so that the things and people are one and the same, which can better express the strong feelings of the people, and play the rhetorical effect.

For example:

①The dew is white tonight and the moon is bright in the hometown.

(Du Fu's "Moonlight Night Memories of Sherbrooke")

②The flowers spattered with tears when I feel the time, and the birds startled when I hate to say goodbye.

(Du Fu, "Spring Hope")

3) The clear and merciless, the sadness of the time alone to the east.

(Du Fu's "Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou")

④The traveling palace is sad when it sees the moon,

and the bells break my heart when I hear them in the night rain.

(Bai Juyi's "Song of Long Hate"

⑤Turning to the vermilion pavilion, lowering the beautiful door, illuminating the sleeplessness, there should be no hatred, why should it be rounded in the direction of the other time? (Su Shi's "Song of Water")

6) The red beans are too much to look at, and the eyes are full of tears of lovesickness.

(Niu Xi Ji's "Sheng Zha Zi")

The meaning of the two lines of the poem in the above example is: "The dew is especially white from this night onwards, and the moon is especially bright because it is from the hometown". Why is this so? Because the poet Du Fu experienced the great turmoil of the Anshi Rebellion, in the country's future, personal destiny is constantly being hit, had to abandon his post in the fall of 759 BC to Qinzhou (present-day Tianshui, Gansu Province) guest residence. In this cold and desert border town, the poet transferred his feelings of homesickness to the dew and moonlight, and in turn used the infected dew and moonlight to set off the poet's feelings of homesickness, thus making the matter and the person as one and expressing the poet's strong feelings of homesickness even better. The meaning of the two lines in Example 2 is: Lamenting the loss of the country, the flowers shed tears of sadness; Hating the family's displacement and dispersal, the birds' chirping stirs the heart of sorrow. The flowers and birds are natural phenomena without human emotions, but the poet used the rhetorical technique of empathy to write such touching lines. Example (3) says that the water of the Weihe River only goes east when one is sad; Example (4) says that the moon emits a light that makes one sad when one looks at it, and the bell rings a sound that makes one break one's heart when one hears it; Example (5) says that the moon is a light that makes one sad when one looks at it, and the bell rings a sound that makes one break one's heart when one hears it. Example 4 says that the moon gives out a light that makes people look sad and the bell rings a sound that makes people listen to the sound of "broken hearts"; Example 5 says that the moon often becomes round when people part; Example 6 says that the red beans are not red beans but tears of "lovesickness". All of the above examples use the rhetorical device of empathy to transfer human feelings to things. In this way, human feelings and things become one, which can better express people's strong feelings.

The difference between empathy and empathy is that: empathy is the subjective feelings of people moved to objective things, in turn, the infected objective things set off the subjective emotions, so that things and people as a whole, to be able to express strong feelings more centrally; to move is that A and B are two things related to the original belonging to the description of A things (or people) of the rhetorical language to belong to the things of the B is a kind of words to live with the rhetorical device. In short, the former is "to move human feelings and things"; the latter is "to move to describe, A things (or people) words to describe B things."

The difference between empathy and anthropomorphism is that the former is "to move human feelings and things"; the latter is "to write about things as if they were people".

[Edit Paragraph]Idioms with Rhetorical Devices

1. Idioms with Rhetorical Devices of Simile:

Empathy as heavy as a mountain, as cold as ice, as frost, as a bamboo in one's mind, as dull as a woodcock, as if it were a wooden chicken, as if the wind and candles had been torn apart by years, and as if they had been sweated out, as if they had been a vast ocean, as if they had been a city, and as if they were a vapour, as if they were a valley, as if they were as light as the feather, as if they were a feather, as if they were deafening, as if they were infamous, and as if they were notorious. The darkness of the world is clear, and the fool removes the mountain

d Contrast: The sword in the mouth, the heart in the mouth, the tiger's head, the serpent's tail, the good and the bad, the good and the bad, the positive and the negative, the south, the north, the strong and the strong, the wise, the learned and the wise, the hanged goat's head and sold the dog's meat

e Pair of couplets: The land is vast, the sky is vast, the mountains are exhausted, the modesty is good and the fullness is bad, the household is well aware of it. A single heart, a single mind

i Rhetorical question: If you don't enter the tiger's den, how do you get the tiger's son? If you don't get the tiger's son, maybe you can't get the tiger's son, but if you don't get the tiger's skin, maybe you can't get the hairs. The word "word" is a word of gold, and it's a word of honor, and it's a word of honor, and it's a word of honor, and it's a word of honor, and it's a word of honor. Rhetorical question, quote, borrowing, antithesis, comparison, association, empathy, pun, top true (thimble), intertext, loop and empathy.