Ancient Chinese painting theory "Ancient Paintings" puts forward the key painting "six methods" refers to

One: Vibrancy and Vividness;

Two: Bone Method of Brushstrokes;

Three: Responding to Objects and Imitating Forms;

Four: Assigning Colors According to Classes;

Five: Managing Positions;

Five: Transferring and Moulding". (Guanjiazhi, vol. 4)

The first of the six methods is "vividness and rhythm". The Han people emphasized qi and believed that "people are endowed with qi and born, contain, qi and grow" (Wang Chong, "Lun Heng, - qi life"), Cao Pi to "qi" people in literary criticism, put forward the "text to qi as the main" (The Canonical Treatise - Essays). Cao Pi used "qi" in his literary criticism, proposing that "qi is the mainstay of literature" () The Jin people used "rhyme" to characterize their characters; "qi" and "rhyme" are combined into one word, which refers to the unity of human vitality, wisdom and talent.

And "vivid" can be traced back to the "Yi Chuan", "life is easy", and the Han Dynasty, "gas generates all things" theory. The philosophy of life is used in art, and "vividness" refers to the life, spirit, knowledge and style of people, which should be expressed in the life and change.

This viewpoint, which emphasizes both spiritual charm and gesture, inherits Gu Kaizhi's theory of "transmitting the spirit to write the picture," but is different from Gu's theory of forgetting the "form" and getting the "spirit," which is a development of the theory of transmitting the spirit.

The second of the Six Methods is the Bone Method of using the brush. "Bone method" source of ancient physiognomy, referring to the appearance of people's bones, the Wei and Jin Pinzao characters, often with the word "bone" comments, that "bone" people's physical, mental, and character are related. Gu Kaizhi introduced the "bone method" into painting, making it the basis for "writing God in form".

Sheikh said "bone method", inherited the theory of Gu Kaizhi, but in the evaluation of Zhang Mo, Xunxu and "but take the spirit, leaving the bone method", so that the "bone method" to lose the sacred meaning and tend to secular. The "bone method" loses its sacred meaning and tends to be secular.

The "Painting" connects the "bone method" with the "use of the brush", which not only makes it clear that Chinese painting and calligraphy are closely related, but also points out that the line is the basis of modeling. The "Bone" of the "Brush Formation", which is said to have been made by Mrs. Wei, says: "Those who are good at the power of the brush have many bones." The saying "Bone method of brushwork" should be drawn from this. Overview of Xie He's comments on the various painters, is to require the use of bone power, to be innovative, and "vivid" when the "bone method with the pen".

"Six methods" when the "rhythm and vividness", "bone method with the brush" is the most important. The remaining four methods are specific skills: "should be object like shape" refers to the appearance of the object to show, can not be imagined, "with the type of color" refers to different objects according to the performance of their respective colors, "operation position" refers to the careful composition, clever design, "transfer mold writing" refers to copying skills.

The Six Methods had a great influence on later generations, and Guo Ruoxu of the Song Dynasty honored them as "the essence of the Six Methods, which will remain unchanged for all time" ("Pictorial Insights"). It can be regarded as the first systematic theoretical and critical work on painting in China.

The "six methods" of the first article-by-article recapitulation of Zhang Yanyuan "Record of Famous Paintings Throughout the Ages" Volume II, since then to the Qing Dynasty, are four words a sentence read together, the modern Yan Kegun series of "the whole of the ancient three generations of Qin, Han and the Three Kingdoms, the six dynasties of the text", began to make the two, two disconnect, Qian Zhongshu also think that the four words are connected to the reading of the lost (see the "Tube cone" No. 189), the Li Zehou, Liu Zang, and Liu Gang, the "Six Methods" is China's first systematic criticism of painting theory. In this regard, Li Zehou, Liu Zangji, "History of Chinese Aesthetics" analyzed in detail.

Expanded Information

The painting, the cover of the advantages and disadvantages of all paintings. The picture is painted by people who do not understand the exhortation, the rise and fall, thousands of years of silence, Phi diagrams can be identified. Although there are six methods of painting, it is rare to be able to do all that. And since ancient times and today, each good section.

What are the six methods? First, the chi chi vivid is also; Second, the bone method with the pen is also; Third, should be object like shape is also; Fourth, with the type of color is also; Fifth, the operation of the location is also; Sixth, the transfer of the mold writing is also. Only Lu Tanwei, Wei Xie prepared for the carry on. However, there are signs of skill, art, no ancient and modern, according to the near and far, with its rank, cut into the preamble. Therefore, this is not a wide range of sources, but rumors from the gods, no one heard and seen.

The first product (five)

Lu Tanwei. Things five generations of Song Mingdi, Wu. Poor reasoning and exhaustion of nature, the matter of absolute words and images. The first and the last, the ancient and the modern are independent. Not again excited to praise, but the price of the extreme! The top of the top grade, there is no other words, so the first class.

Cao Bu Xing. Five generations of wu when the matter of sun quan, wu xing people. Not the traces of Xing, almost no recurrence, only a dragon within the Secret Pavilion. The name is not a false success.

Wei Xie. Five Dynasties Jin. Cham Painting's strategy, to Xie began to fine. In the six methods, and then for both good. Though not to say that the shape of the preparation, quite strong gas. Lings across the group of male, the outstanding work of the past generation.

Zhang Mo, Xun Xun. The style of the climate, the most wonderful and God. But take the elves, leaving their bones. If the body is confined to the object, the essence is not yet seen; if you take the image outside, the party is tired of the high fat, can be said to be subtle.

The second product (three)

Gu Junzhi. The charm and energy, not caught up with the former sage; subtle and meticulous, there have been past philosophers. Beginning to change the ancient and modern, color and form, all new ideas, such as Baosi began to change the hexagrams, Shi Prefecture, the first change in calligraphy. He used to build up a storey building as a place for painting. When the weather is hot and windy, he does not use the brush; when the sky is calm and the air is cool, he dyes the brushes. It was rare for his wife to climb up the stairs and go up the ladder. He painted cicadas and sparrows, which was the beginning of Jun's career. In the middle of Song Daming, no one in the world dared to compete with him.

Lu Sui. The body rhyme, colorful and elegant. A little bit of a brush, all the strokes are strange. The world is less, the so-called Himi scroll, so for the treasure.

Sally Yuan. Comparison of Lu's, the most elegant. Elephant man's marvelous, Yamei former sages. But the will to abide by the law, more no new ideas. Although the jadeite is slightly tarnished, will not depreciate the price of ten cities.

Third grade (nine)

Yao Tandu. Painting has a free party, skillful change out of the front, (ghost sound) Kui gods and ghosts, all can be very wonderful. The odd and positive is appropriate, elegant and Zheng both good, not handsome and unexpected, the sky is quite clear, non-study of knowledge. Although the length of the fiber, often lost. And the soap in the public carriage, no match. I hope that you will be able to honor me with your life!

Gu Kai Zhi.

Gu Kai Zhi, a native of Jinling and Wuxi in the Jin Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, was known as Changkang.

Gu Kai Zhi was a native of Wuxi, Jinling, in the Jin Dynasty of the Five Dynasties. But the traces do not catch the idea, the sound is more than in fact.

Mao Huiyuan. Painting body circumvents support, no suitable Fuchai, in and out of the poor and strange, vertical and horizontal pen, force Thuja rhyme elegant, superb. Its squandering must also be extremely wonderful, to the fixed quality, block Ran not exhausted. Its good gods and ghosts and horses, mud stagnation in the body, quite clumsy.

Summer Zhan. Although the gas is not enough, but the wonderful have more. The name of the trespassing far away from the generation, the matter is not false.

Dai Kui. The first is that the first is the first of a kind. The good picture of the sage, the model of the hundred workers. After Xun and Wei, he was the leader. The first is the "Scholarship of the World," and the second is the "Scholarship of the World".

Jiang Shengbao. Consider Yuan Lu, pro gradient Zhu Lan. The use of bones and stems, very much the teacher. The artist is not a master of the art, but a master of the art of the artist.

Wu bright. Body law elegant and charming, the system only skillful. Specializing in beauty that year, the sound of Beijing and Luoyang.

Zhang Ze. The meaning of the horizontal escape, writing novelty. Division of the heart of the unique, despise the synthesis. The change is inexhaustible, if the ring of the endless, the scene is more touching, thank you for the title Xu Lu Yun these two shall not be pre-prepared after.

Lu Gao Liang. The body is unusual, cross the streams. Sometimes there is cooperation, often out of people between the point of painting. The flow of restoration, passed on to the latter, is not enough. The cinnamon branch is a fragrance, enough to characterize the nature. The liquid of the vegetarian, it is difficult to effect its work.

Fourth Grade (Five)

Guzhou Daoshan and Zhang Jibe. They are also good at temple wall painting and fan painting. They were also good at painting fans, and were able to score centimeters and centaurs without losing a single centimeter. They were also good at painting fans and horses, and were also good at painting other bodies.

Gu Baoxian. The whole method Lu family, the matter of Zongjie, Fang of Yuan Sally, can be called a small witch.

Wang Wei, Shi Daoshuo. Five generations of Jin. And division Xun, Wei, each body good ability. However, Wang got its fine, Shi Chuan its true. The first is that the first is the first of a series of the most important of all.

The fifth product (three)

Liu Xu. The intention is dense, the painting is simple and fine, but the handwriting is weak, the form of a single province. In his specialty, women are the most important. However, the excessively delicate, turn more distorted. However, the observation is very peaceful, very good posture.

Jin Ming Emperor. Shao, Yuan Di's eldest son, the division of Wang Zhen. Although a little in shape and color, quite a god. Handwriting beyond, there is also a spectacle.

Liu Shaozu. Good at writing, not idle thoughts. As for the bird and mouse, handwriting, often out of the group. The people of the time for the language, called "move the painting", but the description is not made, not the first painting.

Sixth (two)

Song Bing. Bing Ming in the six methods, so far no suitable good, and contains millimeters of life, there will be loss and gain, the trace is not quasi, the intention of the teacher enough to emulate.

Ding Guang. Although the reputation of the cicadas, but the handwriting is light. Not not rigorous, lack of anger.

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