How to prevent atherosclerosis? Is there any good way?

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease or coronary heart disease, referred to as coronary heart disease, also known as ischemic heart disease; It includes coronary artery obstruction or stenosis caused by atherosclerotic lesions. It is a kind of heart disease caused by the formation of atherosclerotic plaque on the wall of coronary artery supplying the heart itself, which leads to the stenosis of vascular cavity.

Treatment of coronary heart disease

At present, there are three methods: 1, drug therapy 2, interventional therapy 3 and surgical bypass surgery. Drug therapy is the basis of all treatments, and interventional therapy and bypass surgery are always called myocardial revascularization.

Drug therapy for patients with coronary heart disease

1, antithrombotic drugs (aspirin, effervescent tablets, bamir)

2. Nitroglycerin, a nitro lipid drug, has analgesic effect.

3. Beta-blocker betaloc Kangke

4. Lipid-regulating therapy can alleviate it.

Antithrombotic drugs are the most commonly used drugs, among which aspirin has a history of 100 years. It was originally used to relieve fever and pain, but later it was found that it could reduce the risk of acute diseases in patients with heart disease. The side effect of aspirin is that it can stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, so patients with gastric ulcer should use it with caution. Nitroglycerin is the main drug represented by nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin was originally used in mountain blasting mining. Later, it was found that some workers with angina pectoris could relieve angina pectoris after smelling nitroglycerin, so this medicine was used to treat angina pectoris. Later, after a long time, it was found that there was some drug resistance, which produced many drugs with the same effect, such as isosorbide dinitrate and Lunan Xinkang. This drug may cause headaches, except that it needs to be taken intermittently under the guidance of a doctor because of drug resistance. Beta blockers are represented by betaloc and Kangke. This drug has been proved by the whole world in 1994 that it can reduce the mortality of patients with heart disease and has been widely used. Its side effect is that the heart rate may slow down. If it is about 55 times/minute, the doctor may need to adjust the treatment. Lipid-regulating therapy refers to the regulation of high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol and triglycerides, so that high-density lipoprotein increases and cholesterol and triglycerides decrease.

Interventional therapy

Interventional therapy is not surgery, but cardiac catheterization. Specifically, cardiac interventional therapy is to put a cardiac stent or other instruments into the coronary artery through the femoral artery at the root of thigh or the radial artery at the wrist, so as to achieve the purpose of relieving coronary artery stenosis. After femoral artery puncture, the catheter was sent to the heart, and the stent was placed in the stenosis through the catheter. After the stenosis was opened, the interventional therapy was completed. Stenosis may occur again after stent placement, and the probability of restenosis is about 20%. Patients with restenosis can also undergo interventional therapy and bypass surgery again. Traditionally, the use of thick catheters may block the opening of coronary arteries and cause some dangers. Now, with the reform of instruments, the catheter has become extremely thin. In the past, the water solubility of contrast agent was very poor, and patients needed to cough after injection into coronary artery, but now it has been greatly improved. Therefore, with the revolution of equipment and technology, the risk rate has dropped significantly.

Limitations of interventional therapy

Some very diffuse lesions, multi-vessel lesions, diabetes complicated with three-vessel lesions, single-vessel very diffuse lesions, special bifurcation lesions, severe calcification and tortuous lesions may be risky at that time or have poor long-term results after stent implantation, so we suggest that patients use bypass surgery to better deal with the problem.

What kind of method is coronary artery bypass grafting?

The purpose of coronary artery bypass grafting, like interventional therapy, is to restore the blood flow of diseased coronary artery to normal or close to normal. Specifically, bypass surgery is to take a section of its own blood vessel from the leg, chest and upper arm to connect the aorta and coronary artery to supply blood to the heart. Let's watch an animated cartoon. Remove a blood vessel from the leg and use it as a blood vessel bridge. After the operation, blood vessels will supply blood from the aorta to the heart, thus improving the problem of unobstructed blood vessels. Vein bridge, taken from the leg, has one end connected to the aorta, one end connected to the distal end of the narrow coronary artery, and an arterial bridge in the middle, which cuts off the distal end of the arterial bridge and connects with the coronary artery to supply blood to the heart. In addition, you can also take the radial artery of the upper limb, which is a common vascular bridge. As a long-term effect, arterial bridge is obviously better than venous bridge.

How to choose a treatment plan

The general principle is to see what kind of treatment the patient needs. Generally speaking, if the lesion is not complicated, interventional therapy can be successful, and interventional therapy is generally chosen. If the lesion is complex, the interventional therapy is unsuccessful and the drug treatment is insufficient, this situation requires bypass surgery. In addition, if the long-term effect of interventional therapy is not as good as that of bypass surgery, we generally recommend bypass surgery. We compared bypass grafting and interventional therapy at all ages and found that there was no significant difference in postoperative risk and mortality between the elderly over 70 years old and the young and middle-aged people.

What is the treatment principle of coronary heart disease?

It is best not to do interventional therapy if you can take medicine, and it is best not to do bypass surgery if you can do interventional therapy. Master this principle and then decide the final treatment plan according to the needs of the disease.