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Ou embroidery, also known as painted curtain, is a local traditional art in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, which is produced in Oujiang area. It is also one of Zhejiang's "Three Carvings and One Embroidery" special handicrafts, developed from China traditional embroidery. Together with Xiang embroidery, Su embroidery and Shu embroidery, it is called the four famous embroideries in China. Ou embroidery is one of the famous export embroideries in China, which is not only cherished by the country, but also presented as a national gift. It is called "embroidery diplomacy". There are many kinds of Ou embroidery, besides all kinds of pictures, hanging screens and other decorations, there are also practical products such as tablecloths, costumes, pillowcases and quilts. There are people, landscapes, flowers and animals in the picture, 1 1,000 people in various colors.

Wenzhou is located on the banks of the Oujiang River, hence its name, also known as "Wen Embroidery". Ouxiu products

The producer scraped the green skin off the bamboo, sliced it layer by layer, cooked it and spun it into a bamboo curtain, and then made flowers and birds, landscapes, figures and other works on it with pigments or colored lines. The biggest feature of Ou embroidery is its diverse stitches and fine workmanship. For example, in Song Yingtu, an eagle uses more than ten kinds of stitches, such as fan stitch, cutting stitch and flat stitch, and also uses many colored threads with different textures, thicknesses and colors. The composition is simple, the texture is clear, the stitches are neat and varied, the embroidered surface is bright and suitable for eyes, the colors are fresh and harmonious, the animal feathers are relaxed and lively, and figures and orchids can be embroidered exquisitely and vividly. Its style is characterized by "prominent theme, bright colors, concise composition and clear embroidery." It has a strong decorative and local style. Its production method is: scrape off the green skin of bamboo, slice it layer by layer, cook it, spin it, weave it into a bamboo curtain, and then make works on it with pigments and colored lines. There are more than 20 kinds of stitches, such as broken needles, needle rollers and disorderly needles. In ancient times, Wenzhou girls had a fine tradition of embroidery, that is, "1 1 girl combs her hair, 12 girls teach embroidery".

Bamboo is woven from silk, and flowers and birds, landscapes or figures are drawn on it with colored lines, so it is also called "painting curtain". Ou embroidery products have various stitches, fine workmanship, and are characterized by vivid colors, vivid embroidery surfaces, clever combination of embroidery and painting, symmetrical and flexible stitches, neat stitches, concise composition and prominent themes.

Ou embroidery began in the Tang Dynasty more than 1000 years ago and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the third year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1853), a professional embroidery shop appeared in Wenzhou. Most of them are embroidered official uniforms, robes, Shouping and temple embroidery, including figures, flowers and birds, scenery and so on. Later, the variety increased, including pillowcases, quilts and materials. During Guangxu period, transferred embroidery was exported to Europe, America and Southeast Asia. 19 17 exported a large number of embroidery products, with more than 500 artists at its peak. In the 5th year of the Republic of China (19 16), the embroidery bureau was established in Wenzhou, and embroidery clubs were established in Fu Qian Street, Wuma Street and Dalongqiao in Wenzhou city. The embroidery works of early arts and crafts artist Cai He Jin Jingzhi have been exhibited in Panama, Canada and the United States. 1922, Wenzhou embroidery artist Lin Xianyou improved the production of Ou embroidery, and since then Ou embroidery has become a work of art for appreciation. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wenzhou Embroidery Society was established in the urban area, recruiting talents and expanding production, with a certain scale. Ou embroidery is exquisite in composition, rigorous in stitches and full of local characteristics. From 65438 to 0957, the famous painter Su Meishuo began to design Xiu Xiang for Ou embroidery. From 65438 to 0960, Wenzhou undertook the task of giving gifts at the national level. Ou embroidery became a high-grade work of art, and it began to decline during the Cultural Revolution in China.

Ou embroidery began in Tang and Song Dynasties. More than 800 years ago, Wenzhou people used embroidery to beautify their clothes, and their embroidery skills reached a considerable level. Ou embroidery is a traditional handicraft in southern Zhejiang, which can be compared with Xiang embroidery, Su embroidery, Yue embroidery and Shu embroidery. It is called one of the most famous embroideries in China. In the third year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1853), a professional embroidery shop appeared in Wenzhou. The number of embroidery workers once reached 600 to 800. It is said that Ou embroidery originated from the hands of folk women who are good at embroidery. Wenzhou girls had an embroidery tradition of "eleven women combing their hair and twelve women teaching embroidery" in ancient times, which shows the popularity and prosperity of Ou embroidery at that time. Ou embroidery is a traditional sideline of Wenzhou folk women in past dynasties. At that time, the embroidery varieties were clothes, children's hats, bibs, brocade bellies, women's uppers, pillows, purses and so on. The themes are only flowers, birds, fish and insects. As a once brilliant traditional craft, the government has the obligation to support and guide it and create a good environment for it. What restricts the development of Ou embroidery is that manual embroidery takes a long time and the wage profit is low. Embroiderers have to embroider for more than ten hours every day, and it costs five or six hundred yuan a month. Moreover, female embroidery workers rely entirely on their love for traditional crafts and their inheritance as family crafts. As early as the Song Dynasty and the first year, embroidery was popular on shoes, hats and clothes, which is Ou embroidery. After hundreds of years of circulation, its colors are becoming more and more beautiful, and there are more and more varieties of designs and colors, gradually forming a technically unique embroidery variety. Ou embroidery is characterized by clear theme, concise composition, changeable stitches, bright colors, bright embroidery surface, uniform stitches and vivid charm. Ou embroidery products are divided into two categories: appreciation products and daily necessities, mainly appreciation products. The content includes people, animals, mountains and rivers, landscapes and so on. , especially people. Generally, auspicious patterns that people like to see and hear are chosen as the theme, such as "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" and "Ma Gu Offering a Birthday". Ou embroidery, which embodies the elegance of vulgarity, is deeply loved by ordinary people because of its vivid characters and flexible stitches, and is of great ornamental, decorative and collection value. Especially popular with Chinese in Taiwan Province Province, Hongkong and overseas. During Guangxu period, transferred embroidery was exported to Europe, America and Southeast Asia. In the 5th year of the Republic of China (19 16), the embroidery bureau was established in Wenzhou, and embroidery clubs were established in Fu Qian Street, Wuma Street and Dalongqiao in Wenzhou city. The embroidery works of early arts and crafts artist Cai He Jin Jingzhi have been exhibited in Panama, Canada and the United States. In 1960s, Ou embroidery was exported to more than 50 countries and regions overseas, and the main markets were overseas Chinese gathering places, Southeast Asian countries, Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong. Since the founding of New China, there have been many Ou embroidery works that caused great sensation. 1979, employees of Wenzhou Fanshen Embroidery Factory embroidered a huge embroidery with a height of 1 m and a width of 4 meters with 100 and more than 20 stitches. Twelve gold chains were exhibited at the China Silk Clothing Embroidery Fair held in Hong Kong, which attracted the attention of Hong Kong people. In this huge work with a length of 2 meters and a width of 1 meter, the flowers of the four seasons bloom at the same time, and the "Twelve Golden Hairpins" gather together. The sixteen characters in the picture have different faces, bun, jewelry and demeanor. The embroidered surface is colorful and dazzling. Wei Jingxian's sketch embroidery of "The Old Man in Baishi" won the China Arts and Crafts Hundred Flowers Award and Excellent Creation Award. Portraits embroidered with Sun Yat-sen, Zhang Daqian and Queen Elizabeth II, and participated in the Millennium Chinese Cultural Relics Exhibition held in Taiwan Province Province. 1998, a masterpiece of giant ou embroidery, He Lu Tongchun, with a length of 3.5m and a width of1.4m, once again caused a sensation at home and abroad. This work brings together all the traditional techniques of Ou embroidery and adopts 100 embroidery thread colors. It is the first Ou embroidery work that integrates figures, flowers and birds, landscapes and animals in history. All these fine products of Ou embroidery are made from the past to serve the present, combined with traditional technological achievements to innovate, which fully shows the inclusiveness and innovation of Ou embroidery, indicating that Ou embroidery is a very vital technological variety.

1979, the employees of Wenzhou Zhuan Embroidery Factory used 100 kinds of colored silk thread and more than 20 kinds of stitches to embroider a huge embroidery with a height of 1 m and a width of 4 meters, which is lifelike and can be called a masterpiece of Ou embroidery. When it was exhibited in Hong Kong, the audience was enthusiastic. Wei Jingxian's sketch embroidery of "The Old Man in Baishi" won the China Arts and Crafts Hundred Flowers Award and Excellent Creation Award. Portraits embroidered with Sun Yat-sen, Zhang Daqian and Queen Elizabeth II, and participated in the Millennium Chinese Cultural Relics Exhibition held in Taiwan Province Province. Ou embroidery is famous for its exquisite composition, rigorous embroidery methods, delicate stitches and bright colors. Many excellent works were selected as national gifts and participated in international art fairs many times. 200 1, ou embroidery is listed as the key protected art in Zhejiang province. The Xiang Ying of Ou Embroidery, a work collectively created by four craftsmen of Wenzhou Ou Embroidery Art Research Institute, has a unique needle selection, which shows the superb skills of Ou Embroidery to the fullest, and inherits and develops the traditional exquisite skills of Ou Embroidery. "Welcome Spring Today" won the gold medal in the second China Arts and Crafts Master Works and Fine Works Exhibition of 200 1 West Expo. The author Lin Nv is (female), born in Wenzhou on 1959. Master of folk art, whose main works are "Spring Breeze Dancing" and "Royal Fashion".