Books on emotional education and aesthetics in the teaching of elementary school poems from a highly qualified person

What do you mean, make it clear!

"Douban (www.douban.com)", which has a lot of book recommendations and book reviews

"Aesthetics and Appreciation"

The following is copied

How to Cultivate a Correct Aesthetic View

Chapter 1: Aesthetic Foundations-Theory The Beauty Concept

Beauty is the rising sun; it is the affectionate sunset; it is the budding spring flowers; it is the subtle and meditative autumn fruits; it is the shallow smile on the corner of the mouth of the child in the mother's cradle in his sleep; it is the waves of the never-ending river flowing in the motherland; it is the burning red leaves of Fragrant Hills in the autumn; and it is the fragrance of the lotus condensing down from the Moonlight on the Lotus Pond of Zhu Ziqing?

You can list hundreds of things that are beautiful, but such a list is only a statement of what is beautiful, and does not answer the question of what beauty is.

What is beauty? This seemingly simple question has plagued philosophers and scholars throughout history. Over the centuries, they have each come up with their own definitions of beauty based on their understanding of it. Everyone has something to say about it, but no one definition of beauty seems to have been accepted by all. Plato, in his book "Hippias the Great", recorded the dialogues between Socrates and Hippias about beauty. Hippias was an ancient Greek sophist who specialized in teaching sophistry. Socrates was a famous philosopher in ancient Greece, who was very knowledgeable, witty and eloquent. Socrates hated the vulgarity and superficiality of Hippias. Once Socrates challenged Hippias in the form of an interrogation, refuting Hippias' answer to the question "What is beauty? In the end, Plato uses the words of Socrates to say

A proverb: "Beauty is difficult."

The judgment that "beauty is difficult" does indeed speak of the difficult and long road of inquiry into the nature of beauty. People have explored and discussed a great deal about what beauty is and what its essence is. According to incomplete statistics, there are as many as 14 or 15 definitions of beauty in the history of Western aesthetics. Lev Tolstoy examined the answers of 80 aesthetes and artists to the question "what is beauty" during the 150 years after the middle of the 18th century, and finally found that the concept of "beauty" is a concept for those who "only talk about what they do not want". In the end, it was found that the concept of "beauty" is so understandable to those who "only talk about it and don't think about it", but when it comes to defining it, scholars from all schools of thought cannot agree on a definition.

In ancient Greece, in the 6th century BC, there was a school of philosophy called Pythagoras. The members of this school were mostly mathematicians, physicists, and astronomers. They believed that "the whole heavenly body is a harmony and a number. So they saw beauty as the result of harmony. "The idea that beauty is harmony had a great influence on later generations. To this day, many aestheticians continue to argue this proposition from different perspectives.

Another view is that "beauty is usefulness". The earliest person to express this view was Socrates, the great philosopher of ancient Greece. He said, "Any thing is at once good and beautiful if it fulfills its purpose in utility well." This view expresses one aspect of the connection between beauty and utility. It is a reasonable point of view!

There is another view that Plato put forward. He argued that beauty is the sharing of the "rational form of the gods"

Enjoyment. This school believed that "God is the source of beauty". This view not only influenced aesthetic thought in medieval Europe, but also extended into 20th-century Western aesthetics. In practice, this interpretation of beauty says nothing, because it says that "beauty comes from God", and since none of us has ever returned from God, we have no way of knowing what beauty really is.

Bouillot, the 18th-century French literary critic, argued that beauty is the unity of truth and goodness. The idea that beauty lies in perfection was put forward by the 18th-century French philosopher Wolff, who said, "Perfection of form, or, in the broadest sense of the word, perfection of appreciation for the obvious, is beauty."

There are also other views: beauty exists in the heart of the beholder; beauty is a property of an object; beauty is a relationship; beauty lies in the freedom of appreciation, and beauty is the sensual manifestation of an idea, etc. These views are mostly based on philosophers' own ideas. Most of these views were evolved by philosophers according to their own philosophical views, and were the manifestation of their philosophical views in the field of aesthetics, with varying degrees of limitations of the times.

In the field of aesthetics, there is also the famous saying that "beauty is life". This was put forward by Chernyshevsky, the Russian revolutionary-democratic aesthetician of the 19th century. Comparatively speaking, this view is richer and more profound than the previous one. But it is not perfect. Plekhanov criticized him for "not understanding enough how ideas about life develop in history."

Marx, not speaking of beauty, said that man "visualizes himself in the world he creates". This leads to the idea that beauty is "an intuitive image of the essential power of man". However, since Marx did not specifically discuss beauty, but only mentioned or touched upon the issue of beauty, the discussion was not complete, and as a result, there were different interpretations of Marx's words in the field of aesthetics, which were not completely unified. The concept of beauty was born at the same time as human society and developed in the context of human society. Its connotation and extension do not change, and this is the history of aesthetics.

Learning a little bit about the history of aesthetics is not only good for clarifying the question of "what is beauty", but also, you will know that in the field of aesthetics there is a "Goldbach's Conjecture".

Human aesthetic activity is a practical activity that takes the object of beauty as its object and the human being as its subject. People in the process of aesthetic activities, will develop a sense of beauty. When the sense of beauty occurs, it is often accompanied by a strong emotional response, so that people produce physiological pleasure and mental comfort and satisfaction; at the same time, when the sense of beauty occurs, it is pleasurable, and the object of beauty will be pleasing to the eye.

When you climbed the Beijing Xiangshan Ghosts of the long-distance view, Beijing's magnificent scenery in full view, you feel relaxed and happy; when you watch the ballet "Swan Lake", by the beautiful mythological mood attracted by the beautiful dance, the melodious dance music is intoxicated.

The infectious power of beauty

Good works of art can move people's hearts, cause a sense of beauty, and produce a huge educational role and infectious effect. And works of art contain a wide range of content, novels, plays, music, paintings?

Shakespeare said, "Books are the nourishment of the world." Keller said, "A book is like a ship that leads us from a narrow place to the infinite expanse of the

ocean." Gorky said, "I love books, and every book opens a window to a new world for me." These pithy aphorisms speak to the value and role of books (not necessarily just novels, of course),

which are important to life, and those artistic works are even more so when they start the reader's mind with moving images, arouse the imagination, touch the emotions, and mesmerize people.

Gu Hua, a writer, secretly left behind a copy of Dream of the Red Chamber during the extreme leftist frenzy of the Cultural Revolution. Every day after labor, in addition to eating and sleeping, he read "Dream of Red Mansions" with fear and trepidation. From time to time, outside the humble room, the sound of cold artillery was heard during the martial arts battles, the slogans from the criticism meetings, and the drums and firecrackers cheering the release of a certain "latest instruction" were heard. But through the "Grand View Garden," Gu Hua seemed to see the feudal ghosts that roamed the land of China, the omnipresent feudal ghosts? This potential realization was reflected in his novel Hibiscus Town, which he later turned into a movie. Writer Tan Yuanheng said, "I still love books, which contain my sweetness and bitterness, my reputation and honor, and the genes and chains of my life? I can even say that my whole life will be connected by books. Only books can keep the fire of my life and the wave of my career alive forever?" During the Cultural Revolution, he was detained in the bell tower of his school and found John Christopher. Surrounded by "Kill! Kill! Kill! Kill! Kill! Kill! Kill! Kill! Kill! He said, "I can never forget the last verse of John Christopher: Christopher is carrying a child across a big river, and the child is too heavy for him to carry, but he knows that he is carrying the future? But he knew that it was the future he was carrying? The heavy reality was also a future for me, and I was convinced that life would pay me back, which is what the book and life had taught me at the same time. So I survived. The book told me to live, and I lived to finally write the book."

The book infected Tan Yuanheng, who realized the truth from the image of the art, and in the mental

process of perception and understanding, produced a leap of understanding. Tan Yuanheng profoundly talked about his own experience: "Books, together with life, told me about human dignity, human nature, human emotions, human rights, human everything. It was only then that I developed that magnificent humanitarian passion, that I dared to declare war on all the unjust, ugly and sinful things. That's what made me who I am - a different me from everyone else."

Legend has it that a thief stole a copy of How Iron is Made on a train, and the thief went back to read the book

and was so moved by it that he finally summoned up the courage to write a letter to the newspaper, admitting his own mistakes. This is the infectious power of the work, so that the thief's soul has been purified, the desire to get rid of the evil from the good.

Of course, the infectious power of art can have a negative impact. For example, some students read martial arts novels into the fascination, every day want to practice into the magic, and even to the mountains and forests to the ancient temples to pay homage to the master, Henan Shaolin Temple has received such juvenile visitors. Some young girls who read "Dream of Red Mansions" fail to understand the progressive meaning of the book and become sentimental like Lin Daiyu. There is nothing wrong with the book itself, but the important thing is that we should learn positive things from the book.

The infectious power of musical works is equally strong. Music is characterized by fantasy, which is in line with people's psychological state, because people are in the unknown when they are born, so music is particularly influential and attractive. Plato, the Greek philosopher, said: "Rhythm and harmony, if properly educated, penetrate more y into the human heart than anything else, and are more heartfelt than anything else. Everyone knows that when our ears feel the melody of music, our spiritual world is transformed." It's true that when you hear light and lyrical music, such as the Cantonese tunes "Wenyingying" and "Raining on the Banana," you feel happy, and when you hear a piece by Beethoven or Mozart, you have a rich imagination. When you hear the March of the Volunteer Army,

March of the Great Sword, you generate a kind of power. It is because of the great infectious power of music that the concept of "music medicine" has existed in foreign countries for a long time. The modern use of music in medicine is Kmet. In 1846, he published a paper entitled "The Influence of Music on Health and Life", in which he discussed the preventive effects of music. Especially for the mentally ill, the infectious power of music could free the patient from pain. In many countries today, there are music therapy organizations.

The power of the arts is not limited to literature. Musical works, paintings, photographs, sculptures, and so on, all have their own charms. Artists put their own emotions, their own knowledge of life, and all their talents into their works during the process of creation, so that the artistic masterpieces they create can move others. Guo Moruo said in the conception of "Earth, My Mother", "Earth, My Mother" was made when the school of the 8th Minzu was just on annual vacation, and I went to the Fukuoka library to read books in the first half of the day, and suddenly I was attacked by poetic excitement, so I went out of the library, and took off my "Shimochi" (Japanese wooden shoes) on the quiet gravel road behind the library, and then I was able to make my own work. I took off my 'shimochi' (Japanese wooden shoes) and paced around with bare feet, sometimes falling asleep on the road, wanting to be close to Mother Earth, to touch her skin, to be embraced by her-which seems crazy now, but at the time I really felt the urgency of the situation. It can be seen that the birth of a beautiful poem, it is the author of the creation of beauty in the thinking activities of all the feelings of the results, so that the beauty of the infectious force is also strong.