What are the specific methods generally used in carrying out crop production and management?

As a farmer, the most important thing is to be familiar with crop production and management, then next I share with you some of the methods I summarized in many years of experience in planting.

1. Soil fertilization

Organic agriculture theory that the soil is a living system, fertilization is first of all to fertilize the soil, and then through the role of soil microbes to supply crop nutrition, therefore, organic agriculture requires the use of organic fertilizers and reasonable crop rotation to fertilize the soil. In addition, the organic production process to minimize the loss of soil nutrients, improve the utilization rate of nutrients.

2. Management of pests and weeds

Organic agriculture in line with the principle of respect for nature, advocating the application of integrated ecological methods and healthy cultivation to control crop pests and diseases. Agronomic measures are the mainstay, supplemented by appropriate biological and physical control techniques, and the appropriate use of some botanical pesticides and permitted use of mineral-derived pesticides to prevent and treat diseases and insects. Pests, diseases and weeds in organic agricultural production systems should be controlled through extensive preventive farming techniques, and direct control of pests, diseases and weeds can be achieved by protecting and developing natural enemies of pests and diseases through proper management of natural enemy habitats (e.g., bushes and nests, etc.); developing pest management plans by understanding and interfering with the ecological needs of the pests; permitting the use of products made of plants, animals and micro-organisms found on the farm for pest and disease management; and permits the use of physical methods to control pests and weeds.

3. Seed Selection

All seeds and plant materials should be certified organic. Crop types and varieties selected should be adapted to local soil and climate characteristics and be resistant to pests and diseases. Genetic diversity should be fully considered in the selection of varieties, and the use of any genetically engineered seeds, seedlings, pollen, etc. is not allowed.

4. Soil and water conservation

Soil and water resources should be treated in a sustainable manner. Effective measures shall be taken to prevent soil erosion, soil salinization, excessive or irrational use of water resources and pollution of surface and groundwater. Land reclamation through burning of organic matter, for example through slash-and-burn or straw burning, should be limited to the maximum extent possible. The certification body shall specify appropriate livestock carrying capacity to prevent land degradation and surface and groundwater pollution, and take appropriate measures to prevent soil and water salinization.

5. Diversified planting and crop rotation

Crop production is based on the structure and fertility of the soil and surrounding ecosystems, as well as on the provision of species diversity with minimal loss of nutrients. Diversity here includes biodiversity in natural ecosystems and diversity of crop species.

6. Harvesting of wild products

Harvesting or cell phone products should not exceed the sustainable production of that ecosystem or jeopardize the survival of plant and animal species. Harvesting or collection of wild products should contribute to the maintenance and protection of natural area functions and should take into account the sustainability of the ecosystem.

The above is my summary of some of the crop production management, for everyone to understand the learning and reference, more than enough, please understand.