What kind of house is more environmentally friendly?

Green housing is a new housing model designed and built based on the principle of sustainable development between man and nature and the principle of efficient utilization of resources, which can make the material and energy system inside and outside the house virtuous circle, without waste and pollution, and realize a certain degree of energy self-sufficiency. The most striking feature of this kind of residence is its pro-nature, that is, in all activities such as planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance and management, demolition and transformation of residential buildings, nature is managed and cared for from beginning to end, and the negative impact on the natural environment is controlled to a minimum as far as possible to achieve harmony between residential areas and the environment.

The so-called "green" of "green building" does not refer to the three-dimensional greening and roof garden in the general sense, but represents a concept or symbol. It refers to buildings that are harmless to the environment, can make full use of environmental natural resources, and do not destroy the basic ecological balance of the environment. It can also be called sustainable development building, ecological building, returning to nature building, energy-saving and environmental protection building, etc. The indoor layout of green buildings is very reasonable. Minimize the use of synthetic materials, make full use of sunlight, save energy, and create a feeling of being close to nature for residents.

Characteristic green residence should not only have the basic functions of traditional residence, such as shelter from wind and rain, ventilation and lighting, but also have the special functions of coordinating environment and protecting ecology. Therefore, the construction of green housing should follow the ecological principle, embody the principle of sustainable development, and carry out according to the specific requirements different from traditional housing in planning and design, construction methods and material selection. According to the "Technical Guidelines for Green Ecological Residential Quarters" being studied and formulated by the Housing Industrialization Promotion Center of the Ministry of Construction, there are roughly the following standards to measure the quality of green residential quarters:

L, it is widely open in physiology and ecology;

2. Use harmless, pollution-free and naturally degradable environmental protection building materials;

3. According to the principle of open and closed cycle of ecological economy, there is no waste and pollution in ecological engineering design;

4. Reasonable three-dimensional greening is helpful to protect and stabilize the ecology of surrounding areas;

5. Clean energy is used to reduce the energy consumption of residential operation and improve the self-sufficiency level;

6. Rich in ecological culture and artistic connotation.

Specific standards

Green Building Evaluation Standard GB/T50378-2006 issued by the Ministry of Construction of China and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine defines "green building" in the national standard for the first time, and also emphasizes that it must meet the relevant standards such as land saving, energy saving, water saving, material saving, indoor lighting, sound insulation, ventilation and air quality.

This standard puts forward requirements for the indoor environment quality of residential buildings and public buildings respectively. Especially in the residential building standard, it highlights four requirements for indoor environment: lighting, sound insulation, ventilation and indoor air quality, which are closely related to people's daily life. From low to high, the main indicators are divided into three levels: control items, general items and preference items. According to the general project, the green building must meet the following requirements:

Each house has at least 1 living space to meet the requirements of sunshine standard (the national standard "Code for Planning and Design of Urban Residence" has the following requirements for urban sunshine standard: no less than 2 hours on cold days and no less than 1 hour on winter solstice. ), when there are four or more living spaces, at least two living spaces meet the requirements of sunshine standards. Bedroom, living room (hall), study room and kitchen are provided with external windows, and the room lighting coefficient is not lower than the current national standard. Bedroom, living room (hall) and kitchen should be provided with external windows, and the area ratio of windows to the ground should not be less than 1/7. When a house has more than 1 bathroom, at least one bathroom has an external window.

The noise during the day does not exceed 45 decibels.

Take effective sound insulation and noise reduction measures for building envelope. The allowable noise level of bedrooms and living rooms shall not exceed 45 decibels during the day and 35 decibels when the windows are closed at night. The weighted sound insulation capacity of the floor and partition wall is not less than 45 dB, and the weighted standardized impact sound pressure level of the floor is not more than 70 dB. The sound insulation capacity of the door is not less than 30 decibels; The sound insulation capacity of the external window is not less than 25 decibels, and it is not less than 30 decibels when walking along the street.

This house can be naturally ventilated.

Living space can be naturally ventilated, and the ventilation opening area in hot summer and warm winter areas is not less than 8% of the building area of the room, and not less than 5% in other areas. Window opening in residential space can have a good view and avoid line-of-sight interference between residential spaces. When 1 apartment has two or more bathrooms, at least 1 bathrooms have external windows. Set ventilation device or indoor air quality monitoring device.

Ensure energy saving while ventilating.

In a house with heating or air conditioning system (equipment), users can adjust the room temperature as needed during operation. The adjustable external sunshade device is adopted to prevent solar radiation from entering the room directly through the window glass in summer. The bedroom and living room (hall) of conditional residential buildings use functional materials for energy storage, humidity control or improvement of indoor air quality.

Indoor environmental pollution control

The concentrations of indoor free formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, radon, TVOC and other air pollutants meet the current national standard "Code for Indoor Environmental Pollution Control of Civil Buildings".

Per capita green space is 2㎡.

For example, according to the requirements of land saving and outdoor environment, local plants adapted to local climate and soil conditions should be planted in a green way, and plants with less maintenance, strong weather resistance, less pests and diseases and harmless to human body should be selected. The rate of green space in residential areas is not less than 30%, and the per capita green space is 1-2 m2/ person. Adopt pollution-free pest control technology, standardize the use of pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals, effectively avoid damage to the soil and groundwater environment. The survival rate of planted and transplanted trees is >: 90%, and the plants grow well.

The water saving rate is not less than 8%

The water quality meets the national or industrial standards, and the water pressure is stable and reliable. There is a perfect drainage system, and high-quality miscellaneous drainage and miscellaneous drainage of the building itself are used as renewable water sources, and high-quality drainage is implemented. Using water-saving appliances and equipment, the water saving rate is not less than 8%. According to the general project, when using non-traditional water sources, the utilization rate of non-traditional water sources is not less than 10%. (Non-traditional water sources refer to water sources different from traditional municipal water supply, including reclaimed water, rainwater and seawater).

The garbage sorting recovery rate is 90%

The intelligent system is positioned correctly, reaching the basic configuration of security subsystem, management and equipment monitoring subsystem and information network subsystem. The construction unit has formulated a management plan for construction waste, and the recycling rate of construction waste has reached more than 30%. The recycling rate of garbage classification (the proportion of households carrying out garbage classification collection to the total number of households) reaches 90%.

Relevant policies

20 12 According to the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Building Energy Efficiency issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, financial institutions can give consumers who buy green houses appropriate preferential interest rates for housing loans. The plan calls for increasing support for large-scale popularization and application of green buildings, increasing investment in the central budget and special funds for energy conservation and emission reduction by the central government, supporting building energy conservation and green buildings, improving the central financial incentive policy system, setting up special funds for building energy conservation and green building development, and focusing on supporting green building projects and centralized demonstration city (district) construction, energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, construction of energy-saving supervision system for government office buildings and large public buildings, application of renewable energy buildings and heating. The standard of local financial matching funds shall not be lower than the standard of central financial subsidies.

sample

Hangzhou has built the first green affordable housing, located in Ding Qiao Town, named "County Maple Green Garden", including 1702 affordable housing tenants and 280 low-rent housing tenants. These houses have all kinds of energy-saving equipment, such as energy-saving feedback elevators, rainwater collection systems, solar landscape lights and so on.

In high-rise residential areas, elevators consume a lot of electricity. The energy-saving feedback elevator they use can use the potential energy and kinetic energy generated up and down the elevator to convert it into electric energy and provide it to the ventilation and lighting equipment in the elevator.

The average house is 50 square meters, and each balcony has a 2 square meter wall-mounted solar water heater. In addition, there are solar landscape lights, which use photovoltaic power generation to convert solar energy into electric energy during the day and store it in storage batteries for night lighting; The application of insulating glass and external wall insulation technology can keep out cold and heat insulation, and keep the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor at a relatively small level all the year round.

Another very useful is the rainwater collection system, which can collect rainwater from the roof and the ground, and use it for watering the waterscape and greening of the community after purification and filtration, which can save a lot of tap water.

See Baidu Encyclopedia-Green House for details.