Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional culture - According to m? In Weber's view, what are the types of legal rights accepted by society?

According to m? In Weber's view, what are the types of legal rights accepted by society?

There are three types. Simply put, it is tradition, charm and legal rationality.

The first refers to the traditional authority based on long-established customs and traditions. In fact, the core of this type lies in the influence of customs and traditions, which are understood to include all things that have been passed down from the past to the present, that is, long-standing habits, customs, institutions, social or political systems, values, beliefs and so on. These "always existing" accepted by predecessors and sanctified by history are generally accepted by the public as fixed and unquestionable rules, which not only reflects the continuous inheritance of society, but also reflects that traditional authority has always been such a way in society and has not been proved. The most obvious examples are the patriarchal clan system and patriarchy that have existed for a long time in China society, and the politics of the elderly that still exists in some rural areas. Another feature of traditional authority is that it is closely related to the hereditary system of power and privilege. For example, Saudi Arabia, Morocco and other Middle Eastern countries still have dynasty rule. The influence of traditional authority in modern developed industrialized society has been negligible, but in Britain, Spain, the Netherlands and other constitutional monarchy countries, there are still values such as respecting the royal family, obeying tradition and fulfilling obligations, which shows that traditional authority still continues to influence the development of political culture.

The second is charismatic authority, that is, charismatic personality. The basis of this authority is the strength of individual personality, that is, the extraordinary charm of people. At first, charisma is a theological term, which refers to something given by God and is the source of disciples' strength in Catholic teachings. Weber uses this theological concept to explain social phenomena, which means that personal strength or charm establishes leadership through psychological control of others. Therefore, Chris Ma's authority has almost mysterious characteristics, including inspiring loyalty, emotional dependence and even dedication. Weber pointed out that this kind of authority has nothing to do with personal status, social status or position. It is purely that leaders, as some kind of heroes or saints, have the ability to talk to followers directly and personally to exert influence. In contemporary political circles, there are many such figures, such as Hitler, Mussolini and Gaddafi. Without exception, use their own personality traits and charm to stimulate loyalty, thus expanding authority and stabilizing political power. The legitimacy of this rule is entirely based on the public's support for the leader's personality worship.

Third, the authority of legal rationality. He linked authority with a set of well-defined legal rules, and power was ultimately determined by formal constitutional rules, which restricted or restricted the power of public officials and their power behavior. This is a typical form of power operation in most modern countries. Compared with the first two kinds of legitimacy, the advantage of this type is that authority is attached to the position rather than the individual, and it is not easy to be abused or caused injustice. So he can maintain the existence of limited government and improve efficiency through division of labor. This type is the core of Weber's theory of bureaucratic organization. It is also the authoritative system that Weber thinks is dominant in modern society. Weber also called this type "bureaucracy".