Li's contribution to literati painting in Song Dynasty

Li Li Gonglin (1049- 1 106) was an outstanding painter in the Song Dynasty. When the word "Bo" is used, it is called "Longmian layman". Luzhou Shucheng (now Shucheng County, Anhui Province) people. Xining three years (AD 1070), Jinshi. Production has deleted the official in Zhongshu Province, reviewed the imperial court and served as an official of the imperial court. In the third year of Fu Yuan (A.D. 1 100), he dismissed from office due to illness and returned to Laolongmian Mountain. He is not very proud of his career, but he has made great achievements in poetry, painting and calligraphy, and is also good at identifying ancient artifacts. Although Li is listed as a literati painter, he is good at figures and pommel horses in addition to the landscape flowers and birds that later literati painters are good at. In this respect, he inherited the tradition since Gu Kaizhi, but he is creative, independent and innovative, and he has high skills in shaping characters' personalities and modality. He established sketching, which used to be just a chalk book, as a kind of painting, making it an independent subject. Some works, such as "Lotus Society Map" and "Elegant Garden Map", describe the life of literati in poetry wine, and there are manuscripts handed down from generation to generation today. The authenticity of biographies of Freedom from Disappearance and Filial Piety by the National Palace Museum in Taipei and Princeton University in the United States remains to be verified. He is good at drawing figures, especially horses. Su Shi praised him: "The dragon sleeps with thousands of bones in his chest, drawing both meat and bones." Wu Ma Tu is his masterpiece. In the painting, five big horses, led by five people, are full of energy and look amazing. The pen is concise, and the horse's every move shows the horse's movement and temperament characteristics in an extremely detailed and vivid way. He also developed the drawing method of "line drawing" and created "sweeping makeup and clearing ink" and "moving without drawing". Few of his works have been preserved. In addition to the Five Horses Map, Wei Yan also has grazing, exempting Perikles, Vimalakirti, Sixteen Horses Map, Longmian Mountain Villa Map, Wangchuan Villa, Jiuge Map, Luoshen Fu Map, Caotang Map and Lotus Club Map. Li drew a picture of six or seven people gambling around the table. The characters in the painting are lifelike. One of them was lying on the table, staring at the dice in the basin and opening his mouth to shout. At this time, the dice turned to the position of "six". Fu Yuan retired for three years (1 100) and lived in Longmian Mountain. He is so knowledgeable and expert. Not only can you draw pommel horses, immortal Buddhism and Taoism, but you can also draw landscapes, flowers and birds. He copied a lot of traditional paintings, attached importance to sketching and dared to be original. The characters in his works can distinguish identity, region and personality from their appearances. In painting, he is famous for drawing lines. This kind of good use of line drawing is mostly sketching without coloring, with accurate modeling and vivid expression, thus pushing the traditional line drawing modeling method to a new level. It has a great influence on the figure painting of later generations. The scenery he painted is also very creative. Icbc, regular script, has the style of calligraphers in Jin and Song Dynasties. Later generations said that his paintings "take the meaning first, and decorate the edge second". Also good at archaeology. Existing works include Wu Ma Tu, Lin Wei Tu, Jiu Ge, Zhou Tu, Wei Mo Tu and so on. Five Horses, with light paper, is 29.3 cm long and 22.5 cm wide. Now it is a private collection in Japan. Li is good at drawing horses. "Every time you want to draw, you have to look at the horse to do your best." . Five Horses was created by Li based on sketches. Each horse is led by a pass. Whether it is a man or a horse, drawing a line accurately, vividly and clearly shows the musculoskeletal structure, weight, soft and hard texture, and even gloss impression, which can represent his level of drawing lines. In particular, the vivid expression of horses and characters in the painting is worthy of being handed down from generation to generation. There is an inscription by Zeng after the painting.