Seek a title for "Henan Yu opera" essay, urgent ~ tonight, please master help about 400 words!

Yu opera is also known as Henan opera, Henan high tone. Because of the early actors with the voice singing, start and close with falsetto turn high end with "Acura", also known as "Henan Acura". In the mountainous areas of western Henan, the performances are based on the mountains and the flat earth, locally known as "leaning on the mountain roar". Because Henan Province is short for "Yu", it was named Yu Opera after the liberation. It is one of the main types of theater in Henan Province.

Yu opera is popular in a wide range of areas, north and south of the Yangtze River, on both sides of the Yellow River, as well as in Xinjiang and Tibet have Yu opera performances.

Yu opera belongs to the clapper family in terms of voice, according to the book "Qilu Lantern" written by Li Luyuan of the Qing Dynasty in the 42nd year of the Qianlong reign (1777) and the "Qixian County Record" written in the 53rd year of the Qianlong reign (1788), at that time the local clapper opera had already been prevalent in the area of Kaifeng and Qixian County, and it had been performed in a joint troupe with the Luo opera and the rolled opera, which was known as "Bangluo Rolls".

Yu opera music is divided into four genres: Kaifeng as the center of the singing called "Xiangfu tone"; Shangqiu as the center of the singing called "Yu Dong tone", also known as the East Road tone; Luoyang as the center of the singing known as "Yu Xi tone", the center of the singing known as " Yu West tune", also known as Xifu tunes, leaning against the mountain spring; southeast of Henan Shah River basin circulated singing called "Shah River tune", also known as the local bang.

Artists have passed on, Yu opera's earliest transmitters for Jiangmen, Xuemen two, Jiangmen in Kaifeng south of Zhu Xianzhen, Xuemen in Kaifeng east of the Qinghe set, have been run by the class. The first is that the first time I saw the song, I was able to see it on the screen, and then I was able to see it on the screen, and then I was able to see it on the screen, and then I was able to see it on the screen, and then I was able to see it on the screen, and then I was able to see it on the screen, and then I was able to see it on the screen.

The history of the Yu opera famous actors, according to Mr. Zou Shao and recall: "Xuantong between the small Dan Li Jianyun, Yangwu people, gifted with a good throat, crisp and rounded, high and low speed, twists and turns, guillotine, no less than the ideal, but also good at the production of the new cavity. Since Li's out, the style of the play for a change, Yu Ling community sighed as unprecedented talent". The more famous sousheng are Zhang Xiaoqian, Zhang Tongqing, Peng Haibao, Xu Shuyun. Famous young sheng have Huang Ruxiu (Huang Wa, Huang Ma Li), Wang Jinyu (Shine Fire Whip). Red-faced King Tang Yucheng, Wu Cao Yanzhang and so on.

After 1927, there appeared actresses Wang Runzhi, Ma Shuangzhi, Chen Sujin, Chang Xiangyu, etc., who successively performed in Kaifeng and other cities, absorbing some singing, repertoire and performance of the Peking Opera; and there were also a number of new operas written by Fan Zuiting, Wang Zhennan, etc. for Chen Sujin, Chang Xiangyu and so on, which made a significant change of the stage art of the Yu Opera.

In 1938, Chang Xiangyu, based on the Yu Xi Tunes, wrote a new opera for Chen Sujin and Chang Xiangyu, which made the stage art of the Yu Opera change significantly. In 1938, Chang Xiangyu absorbed some singing styles of the East Yu tune on the basis of the West Yu tune, breaking through the boundaries and forming a new school, while Chen Suzhen, Cui Lantian, Ma Jinfeng, Yan Lipin, etc., each with their own unique styles, became outstanding. Xiao Sheng Zhao Yiting, Su Sheng Tang Xicheng, black face Li Sizhong also became a distinctive actor.

After 1949, the three troupes of Henan Yu Theater, which mainly performed modern operas, created many new operas and new cadences, and trained a group of actors who were good at performing modern operas, such as Gao Jie, Wei Yun, Liulanfang, Ma Lin, and Wang Shanpiao, etc. Nowadays, the three troupes of Henan Yu Theater have become famous for their unique styles.

Today, in addition to spreading throughout the province, Yu opera has also spread to neighboring provinces and formed many professional troupes around the country.

Yu opera has always been known for its singing, which is fluent, rhythmic, and highly colloquial, and is generally clear in its spitting, sound, and easy for the audience to hear, with a simple, folksy style of performance, which is very popular with the audience.

Yu opera music is rich and colorful, with smooth tunes, distinctive rhythms, soft and smooth literary scenes, fiery and strong martial arts scenes, and a bold and exciting artistic style. The structure of the singing is a plate change body. The lyrics are easy to understand, mostly seven-word sentences or cross sentences. It has a unique plate structure and a relatively complete musical program. It can be divided into four major types of boards: the slow board, the flowing board, the two-eight board, and the flying board. The accompanying instruments of Yu Opera are divided into civil and military scenes, and there are two strings, three strings, and moon zither, which are called the old three-stringed hand or three-stringed hand. Later, the sound of the two strings is sharp and noisy and replaced by the Banhu. Martial arts field commonly used instruments are drums, drums, gongs, gongs (also known as gongs or gongs), hand cymbals, clappers, handboards and so on.

Yu Opera's footwork is divided into: four students; four Dan; four flower face. Commonly known as: "four four Dan four flower face, eight scenes (i.e., a drum and two gongs three string hand, clapper hand cymbal **** eight mouth) two box herdsman". Four students is a big red face (also known as red net, theater students), two red face (also known as red face right away), small students, side students (also known as the two complementary red face); four Dan is Dan (Qingyi), small Dan (Hua Dan, Boudoir Dan), the old Dan, Shuai Dan; four face is the head of the black (vice net), large flower face, two flower face, three flower face. Because it is a male eight female four line, the four students four flower face is called outside the octagonal, male-oriented play is called "outside the octagonal play".

According to the statistics in 1956, there were 647 traditional plays. The more representative ones are "The Pair of Flower Guns", "Three Sedan Chairmen", "Ditang Board", "Raising the Kou", "Guillotine Case", "Twelve Widows Conquering the West", etc. Since 1949, there have been a lot of reorganizations, adaptations, and rewrites of these plays. Since 1949, the traditional operas that have been organized and adapted include The Red Bride, Mulan, Mu Guiying's Commander-in-Chief, Breaking Hongzhou, and Tang Zhi Xian's Trial of the Grant, etc. The modern operas that have been created and adapted include Chaoyang Gully, Liu Hulan, Li Shuang Shuang, and People and Horses, and the transplanted performances of Marriage of Xiaoyihei, Luohan Qian, Sisterhood of the Xianglin Family, Five Girls, and The Red Maidens, among many others. The Red Mother's Army" and many other plays. etc. Among them, "Mulan", "Mu Guiying hangs up the marshalship", "Tang Zhixian examines the enjoinment" (Seven Sesame Officials), "Qin Xianglian" (Bao Qingtian), "Chaoyang Gully", and "The people are happy to call the horse" are all taken into films.

Cui Lantian's masterpieces include Three on a Sedan Chair, Selling Seedlings, Qin Xianglian, and Peach Blossom Nun. Yan Lipin's masterpieces include Qin Xuemei, Fishing for Golden Turtle, Jasper Hairpin, Panfu Suofu, Ma Jinfeng's masterpieces include Hua Taichao, Pair of Flower Guns, Mu Guiying Hanging Rate, Chen Suzhen's masterpieces include Peach Blossom Nunnery and Chang Xiangyu's include Flower Mulan, The Red Bride and Broken Bridge.

Yu opera, also known as "Henan opera", "Henan high tone", due to the early actors with the voice singing, starting and ending with falsetto turned high end with "Acura", also known as "Henan Acura"; before, Henan opera in the mountains of western Henan performances are often piled up against the mountains of an earthen platform, so people also call it a "mountain roar." The name "Yu Opera" was first used after the founding of New China. Yu opera is popular in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other provinces and regions, is one of the most influential Chinese opera.

Yu opera was produced in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and at the beginning, it was mainly sung in a clear voice, which was loved by the common people and thus developed very rapidly. The origin of Yu Opera has been difficult to prove, and there are different accounts. It is said that after the introduction of Qinqiang and Puzhou Opera to Henan at the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was combined with local folk songs and ditties, and it was developed directly from the Northern Songs.

After the formation of the Yu opera, different genres appeared, roughly four: Kaifeng around the Xiangfu tune, Shangqiu around the Yu Dong tune (also known as the East Road tune), Luoyang around the Yu West tune (also known as Xifu tune or leaning against the mountain spring) and Luohe around the Shahe tune (also known as the local bang). The main singing style is divided into slow board, two eight board, running water, flying board and other board road. The main genre is divided into the East Yu Tune and the West Yu Tune. The male voice of Yu Dong tune is high and exciting, and the female voice is lively and swinging, specializing in the performance of comedy style plays. The male voice of Yuxi Tune is bleak and mournful, and the female voice is low and gentle, specializing in the performance of tragedy style plays.

The main accompanying instruments of Yu Opera are Banhu, Erhu, Sanxian, Pipa, Flute, Sheng, Suona and so on. The rhythm is bright and cheerful with the clappers.

Yu opera has always been known for singing, in the plot of the festival are arranged to have a big board singing, often sung soundly, showing a unique artistic charm. The style of Yu opera is, first of all, full of passionate and vigorous masculinity, good at performing grand and majestic scenes with strong emotional strength; secondly, it is rich in local characteristics, simple and common, natural and close to the life of the people; thirdly, it has a strong rhythm and sharp conflicts, with a storyline that has a beginning and end, and characters with big angles.

Before 1927, there were no female actors in Henan opera. After the emergence of actresses, gradually formed often Xiangyu, Chen Suzhen, Ma Jinfeng, Yan Lipin, Cui Lantian five famous Dan performance school, often radical exuberance, Chen faction bright and fresh, Ma faction robust and bright, Cui faction of deep and subtle, Yan faction of subtle commissions wrist. At present, the five schools of peach and plum world.

There are more than 1,000 traditional repertoires of Yu opera, a large part of which is based on historical novels and dramas. Such as the feudal god play, the three kingdoms play, wagang play, Bao Gong play, Yang family generals play and Yue family generals play, and a large portion of the depiction of marriage, love, ethics and morality of the play. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were many modern plays and new historical dramas depicting real life, which led to a new development of Yu opera. For example, "Chaoyang Gully", "Xiao Erhei Marriage", "People Happy Horses", "Unlucky Uncle's Marriage", "Test Husband", "Red Fruit, Red".

One of the local opera genres in Henan Province. It is mainly popular in the whole province of Henan as well as parts of Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei and other provinces. It is also called "Henan Acura" because its early actors sang with their own voices and used falsetto to turn up the high endings with "Acura" when they started and ended their voices. It was also known as "Henan Opera", "Henan High Tune", "Guanshan Howl", etc. It was unified into the present name after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

History

On the origin of Yu opera. It is said that it was developed from the folk singing art in Henan Province, especially since the middle and late Ming Dynasty, on the basis of the fashionable Xiao Ling that prevailed in the Central Plains, and absorbing the artistic achievements of "strings and cords" and so on. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1736-1795), Henan Province has been popularized by the clapper operas. According to the inscriptions at that time, the Ming Palace was "a place where the various classes of the opera were praying and feasting, and the generation was far away, and I don't know when it was created. In the Daoguang years (1821-1850) river break, the temple collapsed, the tiles do not exist," visible in the Daoguang before, the opera has long existed. These accounts are consistent with the legends among the artists. According to some of the old artists recall, they learned the art around 1912, had heard the master said Henan's "ten places", namely Xiangfu (now Kaifeng), Qixian, Chenliu (now incorporated into Kaifeng), Yushi, Zhongmou, Tongxu, Yifeng, Feng (now incorporated into Lankawe), Fengqiu, Yangwu (now incorporated into the original sun) and the "outside of the eight places that are Huaiyang, Xihua, Shangshui, Xiangcheng, Shenqiu, Taikang, Fugou, Luyi, Ming and Qing dynasties that are popular! "Henan Acura" was popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Henan opera in the process of circulation, in the different formation of Xiangfu tune (Kaifeng area), Yu East tune (Shangqiu area), Yu West tune (Yang area), Shahe tune (Luohe area) and other different styles.

After the Xinhai Revolution, Henan opera entered the city more often. When Kaifeng more famous tea house, such as Zhixiang Tea House, Puqing Tea House, Chenghui Tea House, Qing Tea House, East Fire Temple Tea House, Tongle Tea House, etc., are competing to invite Henan Zibanshe, Yicheng class, Tianxing class, public discussion class, Gongxing class, and so active for a while. Since then, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xinyang, Shangqiu and other cities have appeared one after another to perform Henan opera tea house, theater. In the countryside, every time the gods will be performed double in some areas, the performance is mostly Henan opera.

The end of the 20s and 30s, the development of Henan opera entered a stage. During this period, Kaifeng Xiangguo Temple has established Yongan, Yongle, Yongmin, Tongle four Henan opera theater, many famous artists such as Chen Suzhen, Wang Runzhi, Ma Shuangzhi, Si Fengying, Li Ruiyun, Chang Xiangyu, Zhao Yiting, Peng Haibao, etc., gathered in Kaifeng. 1935 early, Fan Zuiting as the head of the establishment of the Yu Sheng Drama Society, changed the Yongle Stage for the Yu Sheng Theatre, Chen Suzhen in the Qixian County troupe and Zhao Yiting in the Shandong Cao County troupe are Chen Suzhen's Qixian troupe and Zhao Yiting's Caoxian troupe from Shandong Province both participated in the society. Yusheng Drama Society eliminated some unreasonable systems of the old troupe, innovated the performances and stage arts, and performed plays such as The Wind of Righteousness, The Hate of Heaven and Earth, and The Painted Blood, etc., which were written by Fan Zuiting. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, in 1938, the meaning of "Wake up the lion's fury" was adopted, and the society was changed into the Lion's Roar Theater Troupe.

Chang Xiangyu came to Kaifeng in 1936 with the Zhou Hui class and performed on the Waking Yu Stage. 1937 saw the establishment of the Zhongzhou Opera Research Society, which performed ancient plays such as Six Western Boxes and Crying at the Great Wall, written by Wang Zhennan, as well as the modern play Playing the Land, which exposes the crimes of Japanese imperialist aggression. Playing the Land" was the beginning of Yu Opera's modern theater. At the same time, Wang Runzhi, Ma Shuangzhi, Drum Seal, Yang Jinyu and others from Yongan Stage also performed many traditional plays. The gathering of famous actors and actresses promoted the merging of the eastern and western Yu tunes, as well as the development and improvement of Henan Opera.After the Japanese invading forces occupied Kaifeng in 1938, the Lion's Roar Troupe, the Taiyi Class of Zhou Haihua, and groups and actors such as Chang Xiangyu went to Xi'an successively and performed in the cities and towns of Northwest China centering in Xi'an, which enlarged the influence of the Yu Opera and its popularity in the region.

There is no record of when and where the Yu opera's class society first began. According to the legend of the old artists, most of the Yu opera actors in the past out of the Qianlong period of Jiangmen and Xumen two families of the class, and Kaifeng's "old three classes": Yicheng class, the public discussion class and the public Xing class, the legend is that they have experienced the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Yicheng class, according to the February 15, 1916 "River Sound Daily": "the province Yi Cheng class, originally Kaifeng County Department of the General Service of the people in the building of the Qing dynasty, over the years since the general Pearland children singing in various places, quite prestigious." Yicheng class in 1926, in Kaifeng Xiangguo Temple in the Fire God Temple established Yongan stage. The organization and management of the stage is divided into front and backstage, front stage, mainly responsible for the management of various miscellaneous affairs in the theatre, such as ticketing, reception of the audience, the supply of tea; backstage, mainly responsible for the performance aspects of the business, such as determining the repertoire, the allocation of roles and wardrobe boxes, props and other aspects of the work.

Tianxing class was originally run by Fengqiu class, a long history, many famous Yu opera actors from the class. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Civil War, it was constantly performing in Kaifeng. Well-known actors include Li Jianyun (nicknamed Strong Clown, work Dan), Yan Caiyun (work Dan, died in 1982), and other major actors such as Sometimes Dengke, Zhang Zhilin, Nie Erni, Kong Xianyu, Li Yuxian, Zhang Tinghua, and Li Fakui.

The "Six Classes" and "Catch Classes" of Qixian County (run by the county government), as well as the "Six Family Classes" jointly run by the six surnames of Ma, Wu, Zheng, Hao, Liu, and Chang, etc., were all famous after the Xinhai Revolution, and the actors and actresses Shui Cheng, Gustavo, Tian Gou, He Yun, and Jin Cheng, etc., were all famous actors at that time.

In the 30's, in Kaifeng, in addition to the Yongan Stage composed of Yicheng class, there are two important Yu Opera groups, Yu sound theater society and the Zhongzhou Opera Research Society. The Yu Sound Drama Society performed at the Yu Sound Theater.

From the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression to the founding of the nation, many Yu opera groups also appeared in Xi'an, such as the Lion's Roar Troupe led by Fan Zuiting, the Xiangyu Drama Society headed by Chang Xiangyu, the Fenglin Drama Troupe headed by Mao Lanyua, and the Languang Drama Society headed by Cui Lantian. There is also the Henan Disaster Children's Drama Society (the predecessor of the former Tibetan Yu Opera Troupe) founded by Sun Laoshi.

After the founding of the PRC, Henan Yu Theater was established in 1956. The Henan Yu Opera boasts a number of professional and amateur playwrights, among whom Yang Lanchun and others have made outstanding achievements. Yang Lanchun (born in 1921, a native of Wuan, Hebei Province) has successively adapted and created (some of them in cooperation with others) Xiao Erhei's Marriage, People Going Higher, Liu Hulan, Chaoyang Gully, Winter and Spring, and Chaoyang Gully, etc. He has also directed a number of modern plays. At the same time, he also directed many modern and traditional plays. Such as "blood and tears", "Red Leaf River", "volunteer fiancée", "Qin Xianglian", "Tang Zhixian trial enjoin", etc. Henan and many provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country generally established Yu opera performance groups. 1962 held a symposium on Yu opera old and famous artists performance, held in 1980, "Yu opera genre report performance", this kind of drama has become one of the more widely distributed opera plays in our country.

Artistic features

Early Yu Opera performances of the stage device is extremely simple, often only with reed mats, foils, a block, a table and two chairs on the stage, you can open the show. The people who played the small gongs and clappers were also the "checkers". After entering the city, there are more fixed theaters, the stage equipment has improved. Yu sound theater has used some curtains, scenery, Dan costumes, pay attention to the "old Dan Qing, Zheng Dan Jun, flower Dan style". Since then and by the influence of the Beijing opera costumes, has been basically the same as the Beijing opera costumes.

The traditional program of Yu opera has strong local characteristics of Henan, in the long-term artistic practice, continuous innovation, creation from coarse to fine, coarse in fine; from vulgar to elegant, elegant and vulgar **** appreciation, the performing arts are becoming more and more perfect. At the same time, each line has also emerged a large number of artistic achievements of the actors.

Yu opera music belongs to the clapper sound system, is the plate cavity style. According to the Qing Dynasty Li Luyuan in the forty-second year of Qianlong (1777) book "Manifold Lights" and the fifty-third year of Qianlong (1788) "Qixian County Records", the local bangkang opera was already prevalent in Kaifeng, Qixian County, and had been performed with the Luo opera, the volume of the opera class, also known as "bang Luo volume". According to the artists, the earliest transmitters of Yu Opera were the Jiangmen and Xumen families; the Jiangmen family was in Zhuxian Town south of Kaifeng, and the Xumen family was in the Qinghe set east of Kaifeng, and both of them had run classes. In the course of its development, Yu Opera was influenced by factors such as local phonetics and folk music, which resulted in the formation of regional artistic schools with different styles in music. That is, Kaifeng as the center of the "Xiangfu tune"; Shangqiu as the center of the "East Yu tune"; Luoyang as the center of the "West Yu tune" (also known as "Xifu tune"); the formation of the south of Henan Shaxi River around the "Shaxi tune". Among them, "Xiangfu tune", "Shahe tune", from the singing of the plate structure, modulation, melody, rhythm, syntax composition and voice, etc., and "Yu Dong tune" is more similar, so collectively referred to as "Yu Dong tune". Therefore, today's Yu opera singing rhyme, generally divided into "Yu Dong Tone" and "Yu Xi Tone". Therefore, today's Yu opera singing music, generally divided into "Yu Dong Tone" and "Yu West Tone" each with significant characteristics of the school." The main tone of "East Yu Tune" is "5", based on the phonetics of Zhongzhou and the phonetics of Shangqiu and Kaifeng, and in traditional singing, it is mostly sung with a fake voice (Erben Cavity), which is high and fine, and has more fancy accent, with the characteristics of excitement, boldness, brightness and fancy, while the main tone of "West Yu Tune" is "1", based on the phonetics of Zhongzhou and the phonetics of Luoyang, and in traditional singing, it is mostly sung with a real voice (Daben Cavity), which has big and rounded sound, and has more roughness and richness, and has the characteristics of boldness and richness, with the characteristics of boldness and richness. The voice is big and round, with more cold rhythms (weeping), characterized by roughness, richness, sadness and deepness. During the early development of the Yu opera, these two main styles were "each playing its own horn and singing its own tune", and in the 1930s, there were exchanges between the two styles. After the founding of the country, the "gateway" was cleared, and they exchanged ideas and learned from each other, complementing each other's strengths and integrating each other's weaknesses. The above is the past according to its distribution in different areas, there is the traditional classification of Yudong tone, enjoy the blessing of the tone, Shahe tone, the tone of the West; in addition, there is also according to its singing music in the singing of the different sound areas, and the first three types of collectively referred to as Yudong tone, commonly known as the "on the five tone". Corresponding to these is the singing of the lower register of the western Yu key, commonly known as the "lower five tones". The musical structure of the Yu Opera singing is a plate change, and there are four types of plates, namely, the slow plate, the two-eight plate, the flowing plate, and the scattered plate:

The two-eight plate has the strongest expressive power and the most varied changes among the four major plate types of the Yu Opera. In addition to the basic two-eighth plate, it can also be divided into slow two-eighth plate, middle two-eighth plate, two-eighth continuous plate, fast two-eighth plate, tight two-eighth plate, and tight playing and slow singing plate. It is named for the repeated use of a musical section composed of two eight-panel (eight bars) phrases in the past. With the continuous enrichment of the performance content, this fixed and dull program has been broken. Nowadays, the two eight-panel combination of the Yu Dong tune, Yu Xi tune two major schools of singing and composition, a board of 2/4 beat, can constitute hundreds of sentences of the large singing section, mainly used for narrative. According to the needs of the plot and the changes in the feelings of the characters, there are different changes, which can show the bright, bright and joyful, but also can show the urgent, nervous and angry, sad scenes. In addition, the two eight boards can also be derived from the quack mouth, dog bite, chaotic bomb, pallet boards, moving benches and so on.

The slow board category has [slow board], [golden hook hanging], [anti-golden hook hanging], [wind board] and other board styles. Generally for the 4/4 beat of the three-eyed board, the upper and lower sentences sung in the middle eye and fall on the board. The upper line is free, and the lower line is different from the Yu Dong and Yu Xi tunes. The [Slow Plate] is one of the commonly used plate styles in Yu Opera singing. Its prelude to the door has a variety of forms, of which the most commonly used are "six bang", "four bang", "guide four bang" and "wind a bang" and so on. The starting form of the [slow tempo] is divided into two types: the whole tempo and the loose tempo. The one that starts from the whole plate is called "the first sentence cavity", and the one that starts from the loose plate is to sing the first sentence (the upper sentence) "planting the plate" or "starting from the big plate", and enter the [slow plate] from the second sentence (the lower sentence). The basic structure of the ordinary upper and lower lines of the [slow tempo] is that one line is divided into two clauses, with a small door in the middle; after the whole line is sung, there is an "eight bangs" with the end of the line to follow the door (which can be reduced to four bangs or omitted altogether). In addition to the basic structural forms mentioned above, there are also a variety of patterns produced through localized changes in the [slow tempo]. In the upper line, there are "first line cadences" and "third line cadences," and in the lower line, there are "single crossing boards" and "double crossing boards. The closing cadence of the {Slow Plate} is also known as the "Locking Plate", which has the same basic structure as the ordinary next sentence, except that the speed of the closing cadence is mostly slowed down, and there is a short passing gate at the end of the closing cadence. The speed of the [slow board] is more scalable, and can be fast, medium, or slow, depending on the mood of the content.

The running board is also one of the commonly used boards in Yu Opera, which can be divided into running board, slow running board, fast running board and running board. The singing is generally in the form of a single board with the eyes rising and falling. Different speed changes can be made according to the needs. The tune is relatively free and flexible, with a smooth melody and rhythm, which is suitable for expressing cheerful and lively scenes as well as depressing and sad emotions. It is also derived from the palletizing plate and the two gongs. Its main characteristic is that there are especially many syncopated rhythms across the bars in the melody. Whether it is the rise and fall of the singing voice, or the ups and downs and twists and turns in the melody of the singing voice, most of them appear in the eye position. The upper line of the [Running Water Plate] has a free fall, and the lower line has a "5" or "1" sound. In the ordinary up-and-down structure, with the fall of the final line of the cantata, there is usually a following overture. The prelude is basically the same as the [two-eighths board], with a different knowledge of the head of the starting board. There are many forms of starting and closing of the [running water plate]. The key subsidiary boards of the running water board category are [running water board] and [two gongs], etc. The main forms are [running water board] and [two gongs].

Flyboard is also known as "non-board", no board, no eyes, free rhythm, is a kind of Rangyu-style singing, belongs to the category of loose board. In addition, there are rolling white, planting boards, calling boards and so on. There are also "crying rhyme", "line rhyme", "absolute rhyme" three kinds of format." Crying rhyme" to express grief, sadness, emotion; "line rhyme" is used to spit out the narrative, "absolute rhyme" is suitable for the expression of decisive, impassioned emotion. Generally, the sections sung on the flying board are shorter, and the fourth, sixth and eighth lines are transferred to other board styles.

The lyrics of the above four major types of panels are generally in the form of "three, three, four" metrical cross sentences, or "two, two, three" metrical seven-character sentences. Sometimes also use some words varying in length, such as two eight board in the croak that is based on the five-word sentence, fly board in the rolling white that is sung with white prose sentence style.

Yu Opera has always been singing, it is a smooth, rhythmic singing, in recent years, the actors are more singing in real voice, so generally can do the words clear, sound, easy for the audience to hear. Coupled with the performance of delicate, sincere and touching, common language and easy to understand, so it has become the most attractive audience in the Bangkok cavity system of the type of theater. Today, in addition to the Yu opera throughout the province, and spread to neighboring provinces and Gansu, Qinghai, Tianjin, Jilin, Jiangsu, Xinjiang, Tibet and other provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions, and formed a number of professional troupes around.

Yu opera accompaniment band, in the past there was "a drum, two gongs, three strings, clappers and cymbals **** eight mouth". Early Yu opera in the instrument also used four big fan (big cymbals, big cymbals) and pointed horn (tube length of about 1 meter), in order to create a majestic and warm atmosphere. After the founding of the country, the martial arts field is generally composed of percussion instruments such as the drum plate (ban drum, hand plate), big gong, cymbals (i.e. hand cymbals), two gongs, clappers, small cymbals (i.e. brass plates), wind gongs, big yin drums, wooden fish, and clanging bells, of which the most commonly used are the first six kinds. In the early days, there were three-stringed leather buzzers, moon zither, etc., and later the scoop (i.e., banhu), erhu, pipa, transverse flute, suona, sheng, etc. were added. And the Banhu became the main string of Yu opera. After the founding of the country, some western instruments were added, such as cello, brass, woodwinds and so on.

The main instruments of the Yu opera band in the early days were the big string (the octagonal moon zither, the player also played suona), the two-stringed (bamboo or wooden barrels covered with paulownia wood) and the three-stringed (plectrum). after the 1930s, the big string and the two-stringed were gradually discarded, and the alto banhu (commonly known as the "lady's dipper") was used as the main string. after the 1950s, the general cultural field was gradually added the erhu, the pipa, the bamboo flute, the sheng, the sheng, the banhu, and other instruments, such as the lute, the pipa, the sheng, and other Western instruments. The general Wenchang gradually added the erhu, pipa, bamboo flute, sheng, mulligans, cello and so on. Some of them also added the drop of the hu, guzheng, and so on. There are also violins, violas and Western brass and woodwind instruments, forming a mixed Chinese and Western orchestra. There are more than 300 traditional accompaniment songs in the Yu opera, including more than 130 suona songs, more than 20 transverse flute songs and more than 170 silk string songs.

唢呐曲牌中常用的有：[春来到]、[大汉东山]、[小汉东山]、[大桃红]、[小桃红]、[大开门]、[小开门]、[大风入松]、[小风入松]、[文二凡]、[武二凡]、[水龙吟]、[新水令]、[折桂枝]、[晏驾令]、[山坡羊]、[红绣鞋]、[唢呐皮]、[ Doll], etc.

The commonly used transverse flute tunes include: [Toward the Son of Heaven], [Five Six Five], [Crying for the Emperor], [Song of the Clouds], [Pomegranate Flower], [Flower Song of the Morning Glory], [Hundred Birds Toward the Phoenix], [Chickens Climbing the Slopes], and [Small Open Door].

Silk-string tunes are commonly used: [Little Garden], [Nine Linked Rings], [Flower Error], [Little Red Shoes], [Bitter Joy], [Wave Tortosa], [Oil Gourd], [Raving], [Abacus], [Marriage] and so on.

The main instruments of the Yu Opera band's martial arts field are the board drums, drums, gongs, hand cymbals, gongs and clappers. There are three main types of gongs and drums in the Yu Opera band: First, the opening gongs and drums, which are mainly composed of [Mixed Gaguan], [Maobian], and [Bao Laotian], etc. Second, the gongs and drums are used in conjunction with the performance movements and to emphasize the performance of the show. The opening gongs and drums are mainly made up of the [Mixed Ganguan], [Maobian], and [Bao Laotian]. Most of them are the same as those of Beijing Opera, but some of them are called differently. Commonly used are various forms of [one gong], [two gongs], [three gongs], and [head closing], [four strikes], [emergency winds], [battlefield] and so on. Third, the gongs and drums in the cantata are more prominent. The more commonly used ones are [], [], [wind], [to take off the boots], [head nail] and so on. There are various kinds of [flowing head] and [a drop of oil] in the category of flowing board. There are various kinds of [non-board head] and [rolling white] in the loose board category. The most abundant gongs and drums of the 2-8 boards are divided into two categories: single drums and double drums. In addition to both [string hammer], [long gong], etc., single drums commonly used in the category of [in the skimming], [skimming], etc., double drums commonly used in the [five nails hammer], [clapper cob], [wind churning the snow] and so on. Together with other ancillary plate singing in a variety of gongs and drums, the total **** no less than a hundred kinds.

Yu Opera's main performance characteristics of the instrument are as follows:

One, Banhu, the barrel of half a coconut shell, with a thin paulownia board masking. 1960s after the general will be the original leather strings (strings), silk thick old strings (outer strings) to metal strings. When playing, they wear brass finger caps.

Two, small three-string, plucked instruments. Three metal strings, speakers to thin tung wood board masking, plucked with a hard plectrum. Left hand finger cap. Bright tone, especially to rub the slippery string playing method is quite distinctive.

Three, square sheng, generally 14 tubes.

Four, muffled, double reed wind instruments, eight holes, deep and thick pronunciation, mostly used to accompany the sad and miserable singing or scenes.

Yu opera singing, Yu Dong and Yu West call the same pitch, some parts of the singing often have to the upper five degrees of rotation Palace, that is, "to the Zheng for the Palace" phenomenon; Yu West more fall "1" sound, some parts of the singing often have to the lower five degrees of rotation Palace, that is, "to the clear angle for the Palace" phenomenon. Yu opera's traditional singing, male and female voices are basically the same cavity with the same key. In the traditional singing style of Yu Opera, the male and female voices are basically in the same key. The Yu Dong tune is sung in a fake voice, while the Yu Xi tune is sung in a real voice, and the pure voice is sung in a "fried voice". In the past, both Yu Dong and Yu Xi Tunes had a method of turning over the octave of the fake voice, which was called "fake cavity" or "eulogy".

Henan opera features, mainly focusing on the lyrics and dynamics, purely in line with the customs of Henan, and from the audience for the lovers, in the performance of customs and habits of vulgar people and things in the relationship with the audience's life and action to play a piece. Although it is not free from some vulgarity, but vulgar style, vulgar interest. The lyrics of Yu Opera can not be exclusively literary, and the rhythm of the tone of the play is the first. Its narrative speech, joy, anger, sadness and happiness, euphemistic twists and turns, into the feelings into the reasoning, the sensibility of the very great, mixed with dialect, as much as possible, all people understand. Yu Opera has the advantages of being a long-lasting and popular theater for the masses: (1) Strong entertainment Yu Opera has loud drums and gongs, high silk strings, many singers, fewer white mouths, big jumps for the men and twisting for the women. After working for many days, many people crowded together to listen to and watch the show, which made them feel relaxed and happy. (B) Close to the masses The form is simple, the performance is real, and the stage image is close to the actual life of the peasants, which is in line with the taste of the working masses. (C) Easy to understand and learn The tunes are simple and the words are popular, so it is easy to understand and learn. (D) rich in localization, with a high, hard and straight tone and a generous and straightforward expression, it is a local opera that expresses the people of Henan.

Now Yu opera has developed into one of the most popular operas, and I believe it will open up more colorful flowers on the Chinese soil.