What are the differences between ancient buildings in China and those in foreign countries in terms of materials and modeling features?

The differences between China ancient architecture and foreign ancient architecture in materials and modeling features are as follows:

First, Chinese and foreign ancient building materials are different.

Most of the ancient buildings in China are wooden structures, but there are also a few masonry and metal buildings.

The ancient buildings in foreign countries, usually referred to as European ancient buildings, are mostly masonry structures. There is a saying in western philosophy: architecture is solidified music. Architecture is a stone history book. Ten Books of Architecture, a classic masterpiece of ancient Roman architect Victor Runje, puts forward three standards of architecture: firmness, practicality and beauty. These three standards have always influenced the development of later buildings.

Second, Chinese and foreign ancient architectural modeling features are different.

Compared with the masonry structure system of western ancient buildings, China's ancient buildings are independent institutional systems, and their greatest features are as follows:

1, mainly wood structure system.

Wood structure system has many advantages: for example, the maintenance structure is separated from the supporting structure, and the seismic performance is high. Convenient materials and fast construction speed. At the same time, wood structure also has many shortcomings: it is easy to be eroded by fire, termites and rain, and its maintenance time is not long compared with masonry buildings. It is difficult for beam-frame system to realize complex architectural space.

There are also a few masonry and metal buildings in ancient buildings in China. For example, "Historical Records" said: "Stone chambers and golden chambers are all places where credentials are collected." . Masonry structures are mostly used in tower buildings. Metal buildings are mainly made of copper. Famous bronze buildings include Baoyun Pavilion in the Summer Palace in Beijing, Jin Dian in Wudang Mountain in Hubei and Jin Dian in Taihe Palace in Kunming.

2. China's wood structure system has always adopted the structural principle of frame system.

With four columns, plus beams and vertical purlins, a "room" is formed. Generally, buildings are composed of odd rooms, such as three, five, seven and nine rooms. The more bays there are, the higher the water level is. There are eleven rooms in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City, which is the highest existing ancient wooden structure. The facade is divided into abutment, roof and roof. Among them, the roof of the official building is the most important part of architectural modeling, which is huge and far-reaching.

3. combative

The key component of China wood frame structure is the cantilever beam that extends from the column to support the weight of the eaves.

4. Special external contour

Multi-storey abutment, colorful curved sloping roof and quadrangle-style building show a vast space. More than 2000 years ago, quadrangle architecture appeared in the brick paintings of Han tombs, and the Forbidden City, the largest architectural complex in Ming and Qing Dynasties, also adopted a complex enclosure form.

Western architecture always emphasizes the eternity and sublimity of architectural art with huge volume and transcendental scale. They have strict geometric figures, and often use domes and minarets with outward feeling to render the vertical strength of houses, forming an appearance feature that stands proudly and opposes nature.

Extended data

In the world architecture system, China ancient architecture is a system with a long history and independent development. The system was initially formed in the Yin and Shang Dynasties at the latest more than 3,000 years ago, with elegant style and exquisite structure.

During the five hundred years of Qin and Han Dynasties, due to the national unity and national strength, the ancient buildings in China experienced the first development climax in its own history. The wooden frame of its main structure has matured, and buckets are widely used in important buildings. New progress has been made in brick making, masonry structure and arch coupon structure.

The Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were a period of great ethnic integration in China's history. During this period, traditional architecture continued to develop and Buddhist architecture was introduced. The architecture in Sui and Tang Dynasties not only inherited the achievements of the previous generation, but also blended with foreign influences, forming an independent and complete architectural system, which pushed the ancient architecture in China to a mature stage and spread to North Korea and Japan.

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many outstanding architectural works have been preserved to this day. The palaces, altars and temples in Beijing, the gardens in the suburbs of Beijing, the tombs of the two Dynasties, the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, the pagodas and Taoist temples, the houses and the city walls all over the country constitute a glorious chapter in the history of ancient architecture in China.

Baidu encyclopedia-western architecture

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ancient Architecture in China

Phoenix Net-What are the main features of ancient buildings in China?