What is the difference between a frog and a toad?

The difference between a frog and a toad

1. Compare the skin and body color: The frog has 2 longitudinal wrinkles from the back of the eye to the base of the hind limbs, which are golden yellow or light brown. There is a light vertical stripe in the center. There are many horizontal black markings on the hind limbs. The frog's back is brown or yellow-green, and its belly is white. The toad has rough skin and its body is densely covered with wart-like protrusions of varying sizes. The back is dark brown and the belly is creamy yellow.

2. Observe the venom glands: Toads have abundant venom glands, which are divided into skin glands and postauricular glands. Skin glands are distributed on the back of the body, and the epidermis where they are located is locally thickened into "warts." The postauricular gland is located above the tympanic membrane on the side of the head. Carefully prick the postauricular gland with a needle, and milky white toxic serous fluid will flow out. Frogs don't have venom glands.

3. Observe the vocal sac. There is a pair of vocal sacs behind the mouth corners of male frogs. When making sounds, the gas in the oral cavity presses into the vocal sacs, causing them to expand into a spherical shape. Female frogs do not have vocal sacs. Neither male nor female toads have vocal sacs.

4. Compare teeth and tongue

There is a row of tiny maxillary teeth on the edge of the frog's upper jaw; there are also two rows of small, tumor-like protrusions running side by side on the vomer bone at the top of the mouth, called vomerine teeth. The toad has no teeth in its upper and lower jaws. Pull out the frog's tongue. The tip of its tongue is forked; the tip of the toad's tongue is not forked.

5. Observe the connection between the ureters and the cloaca: the two ureters of the frog are connected to the cloaca respectively, and have two openings on the cloacal wall; while the two ureters of the toad first merge into a common ureter, and then enter the cloaca. There are only two openings on the cloacal wall. 1 openings.

Extended information:

Frog is an amphibian belonging to the phylum Chordata, the class Amphibians, the order Anura, and the family Rana. The adults have no tails. Their eggs are laid in the water. They are fertilized outside the body and hatch into tadpoles. They breathe with gills. After mutation, the adults mainly breathe with the lungs. , also used for skin breathing. Most frogs reproduce through in vitro fertilization, with fertilized eggs hatching into tadpoles outside the mother's body.

Only 10 to 12 species of frogs in the world have evolved to undergo internal fertilization, and some will expel fertilized eggs from the body to hatch into tadpoles. But in zoology, frogs specifically refer to the black-spotted sidefold frog. Frogs have always been considered oviparous, but scientists have discovered that a frog that lives in the rainforest of Sulawesi, Indonesia, can lay tadpoles. This frog is the only one among more than 6,000 species of frogs in the world that can "lay tadpoles".

Toad, also called toad há ma (toad alone is pronounced má). Amphibians have many bumps on their body surface and venom glands inside. They are commonly known as toads, toads, and toads. In my country, there are two types: Chinese giant toad and black-orbited toad. The toad venom and toad clothing extracted from them are medicinal materials in short supply in my country.

Toads are amphibious on land and water, and their skin is covered with small pores and is permeable. In addition, they are not protected by structures such as amnion and shells from birth, making them more sensitive to the environment than other groups. Amphibians are considered to be weather vanes for detecting environmental changes. .

References:

Frog_Baidu Encyclopedia

Toad_Baidu Encyclopedia