Xin Qiji's Main Achievements

Xin Qiji has more than 600 existing ci poems, among which Jia Ji's Short Sentences is a collection handed down from ancient times. The following are the main achievements of Xin Qiji that I shared. Welcome to read!

Xin Ci, with its patriotism in content and innovative spirit in art, has exerted great influence in the history of literature. Chen Liang and Liu Guo who sang with Xin Qiji, or later Liu Kezhuang and Liu Chenweng, all had similar creative tendencies, forming a huge patriotic ci school after the mid-Southern Song Dynasty. Later, when the country and the nation were in crisis, many writers drew spiritual inspiration from Xin Ci.

Literary achievements

Ideological content

There are many similarities between Xin Qiji and Lu You: he always takes revenge for national humiliation and regaining lost land as his lifelong career, and writes about the expectations and disappointments of the times and the enthusiasm and indignation of the nation in his literary creation. In terms of literary creation, he doesn't like writing poems like Lu You, especially the seven laws with strict format, but puts all his energy into Ci, a genre that is more suitable for expressing volatile emotions.

Xin Qiji's great contribution in the history of Ci lies in the expansion of content and theme. His existing more than 600 poems are about politics, philosophy, feelings of friends and lovers, rural scenery, folk customs and feelings about daily life and reading. It can be said that at that time, he wrote all the poems that could be written in any other style, and the scope was much wider than that of Su Ci. With the changes in the content, theme and emotional tone of Ci, the artistic style of Xin Ci has also changed. Although his ci is mainly vigorous and vigorous, he is also very handy in writing traditional charm words. For example, in the famous "Fishing, Cherishing Spring in the Sea ……", it says Cherishing Spring on the top, and Palace Complaint on the bottom. I used a woman's style, with great twists and turns, euphemistic feelings and delicate brushstrokes, to write the feelings of loneliness and disappointment layer by layer. Many of his works describing rural scenery and farmers' life are so simple, beautiful and full of vitality. Such as "Partridge Day":

"The mountain is far and near, the road is inclined, and the green flag sells wine. The peaches and plums in the city are worried about the wind and rain, and the shepherd's purse in the stream is in spring. " The next sentence of Xijiangyue: "Seven or eight stars are out of the sky, and two or three points of rain are in front of the mountain. In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to Xiqiao. " It is difficult for ordinary people to reach the realm of simplicity and exquisiteness. Therefore, Liu Kezhuang's Preface to Xinjiaxuan said: "Public work, loud, loud and quiet, swept away the Liuhe River, swept away through the ages, never seen in my life. The secret person is not under Xiaoyan and Qin Lang. " This is a relatively comprehensive and fair evaluation.

Both Xin Ci and Su Ci are famous for their broad realm and generous and cheerful feelings, but the difference is that Su Shi often experiences life with a broad and detached view of time and space, and often shows philosophical insights. With this insight into life, his emotions turn from impulsive to deep and calm, while Xin Qiji always embraces life with ardent feelings and lofty ideals, showing more heroic pride and grief. Therefore, a strong subjective feeling and the persistence of subjective ideas constitute a major feature of Xin Ci.

artistic style

Song ci created a bold, broad-minded and open-minded style in Su Shi's hands, but it did not get strong inheritance and development. Until the beginning, Zhang, Ye Mengde and others took revenge against gold as the theme, and inherited Su Shi's ci style, which played a role in connecting the past with the future. However, their ci is mainly the result of inner passion under the special background of the times, and it has not become a conscious artistic pursuit, nor has it been extended to other themes to a greater extent, so their achievements are not very high. When Xin Qiji appeared in the ci world, he not only continued the direction of Su Ci, but also wrote many magnificent works, and created his own unique ci style in the ci world with his arrogance, rich knowledge and extraordinary talent, which not only promoted the style of Su Ci, but also broke through the scope of Su Ci and opened up a broader world of Ci.

In his words, for example, "the general has been through many battles and his name is cracked." It's a long time to go to Heliang and back to Wan Li. Xiaoxiaosha is rustling, the west wind is cold, and everyone is dressed like snow. Is a strong man, elegy is not complete "("He Xinlang ")," crazy song hentai at midnight, listening to clank iron horse eaves. South * * * North, it is divided "("He Xinlang "), and even" hate, hate pin grinding can not. Changhong's deeds and humanitarianism later turned his blood into blue in three years (The Warrior Lanling), which were all grief and resentment, such as The Storm, which shocked the readers' hearts with extremely strong power. Xin Qiji also believed in Laozi and Zhuangzi and made broad-minded words in his poems. However, he can't turn impulsive feelings into calmness, but vent his inner grief and indignation from a low or even desperate direction, such as "Long Yuan is old, it is better to lie high and curling is cold." Rise and fall through the ages, laugh for a hundred years, swim for a while "("water ")," I am weak. I've been disappointed all my life, and my friends have dispersed, and there's not much left. White hair hangs down three thousands of feet, smiling at all things in the world "("He Xinlang ")," The glass of life is free. There were three or five heroes in ancient times. Where did the wind and rain come from? "(Langtaosha), these seemingly broad-minded and decadent sentences make people feel the pain of his high expectations being shattered and becoming desperate.

The grandeur and despair of his hero are intertwined, ups and downs, and the contrast is strong, forming a waterfall-like impact. For example, from the beginning of "breaking the array and giving Zhuang language to Chen Tongfu", I wrote the imaginary scene and atmosphere of training and killing the enemy all the way, which was thrilling and magnificent. But after "ending the king's world affairs and winning his reputation before his death", he suddenly added the last sentence "All this is in vain" and pointed out that all this is a futile dream. The fact is that the white hair is ruthless and the ambition is empty, just like a scoop of ice water poured on a fierce fire, which makes people shudder.

In the use of images, Xin Qiji also has his own characteristics. Generally speaking, he seldom uses orchids, willows and powders as embellishments, which are common in traditional ci-poetry. Consistent with the tragic and majestic emotional tone to be expressed, the natural scenery depicted in his works has a rushing and arrogant style. Such as "the gorge is the Cangjiang River, crossing the dangerous building to fly" ("Water"), "Who believes in the heavenly wind enclave and opens the blue wall lake" ("Man Jiang Hong"); Most of the historical figures he adopted were bold and unconstrained, or generous and sad, such as Li Guang (Eight Tones of Ganzhou), Emperor Wu of Song (Joy of Unfortunate Encounters) and "Young Man Full of Wealth." This choice of nature and historical materials is just in line with the emotional power in ci, which makes people feel excited.

Therefore, both of them belong to the uninhibited school. Su Shi's ci is more natural and unrestrained, broad-minded and verve, while Xin Ci gives people the feeling of being uninhibited, sad and passionate.

But the above only refers to the artistic style of the mainstream part of Xin Qiji's ci.

Xin Qiji and Su Shi are both powerful pioneers of ci language skills. The predecessors said that Su Shi took poetry as his ci, while Xin Qiji took prose as his ci. Of course, this is somewhat simplistic, but it does point out that the language of words is more free and liberated in Xin Qiji's hands, and there is no reason to change it, so there is no rule. In Xin Qiji's poems, there are very popular and naive folk languages, such as "some bottom things lead to misunderstanding." You can't really be homesick "("Partridge Day ")," You have been so worried recently, as if it were coming. Who can help each other? There are also some classical Chinese sentences mixed with many function words, such as "those who don't know the clouds are rain, and those who rain are yin" (Han Gongchun), "I don't hate the ancients for not seeing me, and I hate the ancients for not seeing my crazy ears" (He Xinlang); There are lively dialogues, self-questioning and self-answering, and even yelling, such as "Who is the hero in the world?" "(Nanxiangzi)," Cao Liu, the cup before you came! "There are also quite strict antitheses (Qinyuanchun), such as" Eight Hundred Li-Shao Li, Fifty Strings Over the Great Wall "(Broken Array). To sum up, one of the characteristics of symplectic words in language skills is loose form, coherent semantic flow and long sentences. The way of dense image linking and escaping linking, which are widely used in literati ci, has been completely broken in Xin ci. But it doesn't mean that Xin Qiji's so-called "taking words as words" no longer has musical rhythm. He uses prose sentence patterns extensively to keep a vivid tone, and at the same time, he can create the rhythm of change through various means. For example, in Hidden Dragon, "The sunset is on the roof, and in the sound of a broken rainbow, you are wandering in the south of the Yangtze River. After reading Wu Gou, no one will meet him. He will come to the scene. "This is a long sentence in the word, but it is striking and powerful. It is by no means just putting an article out in the form of a word.

Another major feature of Xin Ci in language skills is that it widely quotes words, sentences and historical allusions from classics, history books, sub-books and previous poems, and melts or embeds them in its own words. It is easy to cause blunt and difficult problems, but with Xin Qiji's talent, most of them can be used properly, naturally, or with other interests, as A Qing and Liu Xizai said in "Introduction to Art": "Once used, you will get romantic." Take the article "Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia in Yongyu" as an example. 100 words describes the deeds of five historical figures, namely Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yilong, Tuoba Tao and Lian Po, which is closely related to the author's subjective feelings and ideas. Not only is the connotation extremely rich, but also the tone is flying and the expression is exposed, which is really not easy.

Of course, Xin Qiji's ci often has the defects of scattered culture, too much discussion and so-called "book bag", that is, he uses too many classical sayings, but in any case, he did greatly transform his ci. His words are not only "everything can be said unintentionally", but also that any "meaning" and "thing" can be freely and fully expressed. In this way, the creation of ci completely got rid of the fetters and entered the realm of freedom.

artistic attainments

There are more than 600 Xin Ci poems, the largest number of Ci poets in the Song Dynasty. Most of his poems are based on the realistic problems of the country and the nation, expressing impassioned patriotic feelings. For example, Shui Long Yin, Shui Diao Ge Tou, A Thousand Miles of Fertile Soil and Man Jiang Hong show the lofty desire to restore the reunification of the motherland. Drive away the groom (describe your poem in detail), Bodhisattva Xia (the Qingjiang River under the fishing valley), broken fighter (watching the sword with drunken eyes) and so on. , showing nostalgia for the northern region and praise for the struggle against gold. Water (Chu Dora), fishing (which can make the wind and rain go several times), He Xinlang (the boss can also say so), Partridge Sky (when strong, it can hold thousands of people's banners), and Eternal Happiness (through the ages), etc., show your dissatisfaction with the humiliation of the Southern Song Dynasty court and your anxiety about your ambition. Most of these works are high-spirited and passionate.

In addition, his works describing rural scenery and reflecting farmers' lives, such as Qingping Le (with a low and small roof), Xijiang Yue (the bright moon surprises the magpie) and Yulouchun (girls in twos and threes), etc. , full of life breath, giving people a fresh feeling. His lyrics, such as Ugly Slave (a teenager doesn't know the taste of sorrow) and Jade Case (a thousand trees bloom in the east wind night), are all written with rich savings and long sentences. Xin Ci inherited Su Shi's bold and unconstrained ci style and the fighting tradition of patriotic poets in the early Southern Song Dynasty, further opened up the realm of Ci and expanded the theme of Ci, almost reaching the point of nothing. It also creatively synthesizes the advantages of poetry, prose, ci and fu, enriches the forms of expression of ci, and forms the unique style of symphonic ci.

Words are bold and unconstrained, but eclectic, gloomy, bright, inspirational and charming. He is good at using concrete techniques and strange imagination to endow the mountains, water, wind, moon, grass and wood in nature with emotion and character, and place some hopes on them. He is also good at absorbing folk spoken language, especially at using allusions, using things and quoting poems and sentences of predecessors, and often makes a little transformation and creates new ideas. But some works are obscure and boring because of too many allusions and arguments. The summary of the catalogue of Sikuquanshu said: "His words are generous and arrogant, and he can stand out because of the sudden change of tone of the musicians." Wu's Lotus Poem says: Xin Jiaxuan's solo poems, regardless of ancient and modern times, show profound brushwork, such as Lun, Meng, Preface of Poetry, Zuo's Spring and Autumn Period, Southland, Li Sao, History Book, Han, Shi Shuo, Metaphysics, Li and Du Fu. "

Calligraphy achievement

In the Palace Museum, Xin Qiji's "Running Script for the Country" in the Southern Song Dynasty is a paper book with ten running scripts and a reward letter. At the end, "Missionary Lang Xin mentioned some miscellaneous words of Xin Qiji, a prison merchant, on the right Jiangnan West Road except the revised draft of the Secret Pavilion". Center pen, stippling rules, writing fluently and freely, in the round and beautiful without losing the weather in Fang Zhengzhi. I have been to Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty, Huang Lin and Xiang Yuanpei in the Ming Dynasty, Li Yong in the Qing Dynasty and so on. , and recorded "Calligraphy and Painting".