What are the four major academies in ancient China?

The foot of Yuelu Mountain in the east is the crown of the four major academies in China. In the ninth year of Kaibao (AD 976), Zhu Dong, the secretariat of Tanzhou, took Liu's advice and accepted a reward from the imperial court. In the eighth year of Xiangfu (A.D. 10 15), Song Zhenzong summoned Shan Shizhou and presented the book Yuelu Academy. After the Song Dynasty moved south, the Academy was rebuilt in the first year of Shaoxing, Hunan (A.D. 1 165). During the lecture period of famous Neo-Confucianism masters Zhu and Zhang Qian in the Song Dynasty, Yuelu Academy reached its peak, with 65,438+10,000 students. At that time, there was a folk song "300 Taoist priests and 1000 disciples in the academy". He also called the Academy "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Thought" and called it the place where Confucius gave lectures at home. In the second year of Gongdi Deyou (AD 1276), Yuan destroyed Ali The Hague Academy, and in the twenty-third year (AD 1286), Liu Bida, a county school, rebuilt it. Since then, after several military disasters and many repairs, the academy has been greatly revived during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1662- 1720). Kangxi gave the Academy the title of "Learning to Reach Nature", and Qianlong (A.D. 1736- 1795) also gave the book the plaque of "The Road to the South". In the 29th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1903), it was changed to an institution of higher learning, and later to a teachers' college. 19 18, Hunan polytechnic college moved here. 1926, technical college, business college and school of politics and law merged and changed to Hunan University. The existing buildings are Qing Dynasty buildings, and 198 1- 1987 was restored by stages. The four characters "Loyalty and Filial Piety Festival" on the left and right walls of the front hall of the Academy were inscribed by Zhu.

Yuelu Academy is a bright pearl in Changsha, a famous historical and cultural city in China. Founded in Song Taizu Kaibao nine years (AD 976). After thousands of years, it has the reputation of "Millennium University" because of its rich fragrance, endless string songs and endless running schools. 1956, Hunan provincial people's government listed it as a key cultural relics protection unit in Hunan province, and on June 65438+1October 65438+March 3, China people * * * and China the State Council explicitly announced Yuelu Academy as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Academy system is an important educational system in ancient China, which is different from official school. It began in the late Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, went through the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and extended to the late Qing Dynasty. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 7,000 academies in China. However, due to the changes of the times and the cold world, there are very few academies that have been preserved so far, and there are only a handful of academies that have been preserved and restored like Yuelu Academy. Ancient academies were built with donations from celebrities or local enlightened gentry and ordinary people. Generally, it is training and maintenance, and of course it is also funded by the government. The scale and level of running a college are different. The lower academies teach and accept Mongolian children and undertake the task of enlightenment education; Intermediate academies can produce scholars and so on. Yuelu Academy is a high-level academy, and its lecturers are mostly national celebrity masters. Students admitted to the hospital have a certain understanding of classics and history, have a certain foundation for writing poems, and even have to pass certain exams or recommendations before they can be selected for admission. "Tanzhou Three Schools" reflects the enrollment of students and apprentices in Yuelu Academy. According to the Ming Dynasty's Records of Lu Yue, "Tan Songzhi's scholars focus on studying and doing research. Outside Yuelu Academy, Xiangxi Academy was rebuilt on the west bank of Xiangjiang River, and the monthly score of students was higher, so they were promoted to Xiangxi Academy. There is also a higher point, Shengyuelu Academy. Tan people call it "Sansheng" (Volume III of Records of Lu Yue in Ming Dynasty). Due to the high level of teachers and students and the hard work of many generations of famous mountain leaders, Yuelu Academy has built a well-organized school with rich scholarships. Therefore, generations of talents who can be used by the people have been trained and become the cradle of talents in Hunan and Chu. The prosperity of talents brings the prosperity of academic discussion. From the famous Zhu () Zhang () meeting to becoming an important base of Huxiang school; From Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty to Wang Xue in the Ming Dynasty: from the writings of great scholars such as Zhu, Zhang, Wu Lie, Wang Fuzhi, Luo Dian and so on, to the insights of Yang Changji, a teacher, a famous educator and ethicist (one of the famous students of Yuelu Academy), we can clearly see the development track of Yuelu Academy's academic thought and its profound influence on Huxiang culture and even other aspects. Therefore, the ancient Yuelu Academy is not only an educational center in the south of the Yangtze River, but also an academic center. Its several glories in history have been favored by scholars, especially the royal family. Song Zhenzong, Li Zong, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty and Emperor Qianlong successively gave them titles or books, which made Yuelu Academy famous all over the country and became an influential institution of higher learning in ancient China. Together with Bailudong Academy (Jiujiang, Jiangxi), Songyang Academy (Dengfeng, Henan) and Suiyang Academy (Shangqiu, Henan), it is also known as the four major academies in ancient China. Among the four colleges, Songyang College has recently been restored; Suiyang Academy has long been in obscurity; Although Bailudong Academy exists, its running has long been suspended. Only Yuelu Academy, Hunan University, a national key university, has been an institution of higher learning for more than 1000 years. This is unique in China and rare in the foreign world. Some universities are the earliest in the world, and their establishment time is a little less coquettish than that of Gu Yue Road Academy. For example, Yuelu Academy was established 28 1 year earlier than Sorbonne Seminary, the predecessor of Paris University, the earliest university in France. Oxford University, founded at the end of 12, was also built about 300 years later than Yuelu Academy. Therefore, when many foreign friends walked into this ancient and profound Millennium university, they all lingered and were amazed. It's really true. Excellent people are not without reason. A bird's eye view of the college and its surrounding scenery is extraordinary. The academy is located at the mouth of the breeze gorge in Yuelu Mountain, surrounded by mountains on three sides and surrounded by green hills. In front of Xiangjiang River, blue waves are rippling. Famous mountains and beautiful waters, supported by the front and supported by the back, the natural landscape and human landscape are integrated and highly coordinated. From the memorial archway on the west bank of Xiangjiang River to the top of the mountain, there is an ancient road connected with it, forming a beautiful central axis, and Yuelu Academy is built at the midpoint of this central axis. The college is about 100 meters above sea level, and now covers an area of more than 25,000 square meters, including a construction area of more than 7,000 square meters. In front of the hospital, there are Tianma and Fenghuang Mountain on both sides, just like natural portals. In ancient times, there were attractions such as Zhuzhangdu, Liu Di, Di Mei, Yonggui Bridge and Cuiwei Pavilion. Behind the courtyard, famous scenic spots such as Love Evening Pavilion, stupa, Gulushan Temple, Baihequan, Cai E's Tomb and Huangxing's Tomb built in modern times are distributed along the central axis, and other scenic spots are scattered on both sides of the central axis. The main entrance, Hexi Terrace, Gate, Gate, Lecture Hall and Imperial Bookstore of the Academy are built on the central axis in turn. Confucian temple, special shrine and semi-study are built on the north side of the central axis; Teaching study, Baiquanxuan, garden and stele gallery are also built on the south side of the central axis. The whole hospital, large and small courtyards, is scattered and orderly; Pavilions, simple and elegant; Beautiful flowers and famous trees have different postures; Poems and couplets on the tablet abound. This fully embodies the characteristics of ancient academies, such as studying classics and history, asking questions, writing poems as couplets, dancing and writing ink, etc. The existing buildings of Yuelu Academy include a long living room, a dormitory for teachers and students, a teaching lecture hall, a library, a special temple of Confucius, a garden stele gallery and so on. In addition, the two pavilions in front of the first courtyard (Fengyi Pavilion and Xiangchui Pavilion), two ponds (Ma Yin Pool and Hong Men Pool) and the towering old trees and Maolin Xiuzhu behind the courtyard can be called the best-preserved and largest-scale academy cultural relics at home and abroad. It would be even more beautiful if the eight views of the academy created by the Qing people (Liutang, Taowu Baked Xia, Wind and Lotus Evening Fragrance, Tongyin Biejing, Qujian, Bibo Watching Fish, Flower Pier Sitting on the Moon, Bamboo Forest Winter Cuisine) were further refined and perfected to reflect their beautiful scenery.

In order to meet the needs of the times, Yuelu Academy was renamed Hunan College on 1903, Hunan Teachers College on 19 12, Hunan Institute of Technology on 19 17 and Hunan University on 1926. Therefore, although Gu Yue Road Academy is a national key cultural relic protection unit and presented to the world with the overall cultural relic image of ancient academies, it has always been an important part of the campus of Hunan University, which has been repaired, maintained and managed by Hunan University all the year round.

The functions of publishing books and collecting books in ancient academies still exist. There is a team of writers with good literacy in this institute. They stand out from the crowd and have published many works. Hunan University Press is located in the college, which not only inherits and develops the publishing functions and traditions of related colleges. After the restoration of Yushu Building, its collection of books has been strengthened day by day. /kloc-in the past 0/0 years, college staff have collected and photocopied a batch of books and materials about Yuelu Academy and other ancient academies from all over the country, and purchased many ancient books and social science books year by year. Together with books donated by celebrities and alumni, the collection of Imperial Bookstore has reached a considerable scale. Now these books are playing their due role in teaching and scientific research.

Ancient Yuelu Academy also had the function of offering sacrifices. The ancients built Confucius Temple and some special shrines successively. Confucius Temple (Confucius Temple) was built in the late Spring and Autumn Period to offer sacrifices to thinkers, politicians, educators, Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, and his famous disciples. Lianxi Temple was built to worship Zhou Dunyi (also known as Mr. Lianxi), one of the founders of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty. Four pavilions were built in memory of Zhu He, a philosopher, educator and master of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Zhang Er, an outstanding representative of educator and Neo-Confucianism. In recognition of the historical contributions made by Zhu Dong, Li, Chen Gang and Yang Maoyuan, the Six Gentlemen Academy was established. Chuanshan Temple was built to worship Wang Fuzhi (also known as Mr. Chuanshan), a thinker in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is also a form of respecting knowledge, talents, carrying forward traditional culture and inspiring scholars that ancient people go to the special shrine of the Confucian Temple to offer sacrifices. However, this form was whitewashed by feudal society after all. Therefore, after the beginning of the democratic revolution, this kind of sacrifice activity gradually disappeared in the academy. Although this form of sacrifice is not desirable, it is still meaningful to commemorate the sages and sages, and reasonable parts of their philosophy and ideological and moral concepts should be inherited and carried forward. The special shrine of Confucius Temple left by the ancients is now renovated for future generations to pay tribute to, which is also helpful for people to understand and carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the motherland.

Second, Bailudong Academy

Bailudong Academy is located in the south valley of Wulaofeng, Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province. This was once the seclusion place of Li Bo and Roger Lee's brothers in the Tang Dynasty. Rip once had a white deer named Mr. White Deer. Later, for Jiangzhou's secretariat, Li Bo founded a terraced field named Bailudong in the former site of seclusion. "Lushan Guo Xue" was built in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and it was expanded into an academy in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and it was called the four largest academies in the world with Songyang, Shigu and Yuelu. 1 179, in order to learn about Nankang army and other things, Zhu once gave lectures here, and invited the forehead and imperial books to give them, which made the academy famous. Later, Lu Xiangshan, Wang Yangming and others gave lectures here.

Bailudong Academy covers an area of 3,000 mu with a building area of 3,800 square meters. Academy "began in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty and followed in Ming and Qing Dynasties". The existing buildings are built in series from west to east along the west of Guandao Road, and are composed of the academy gatehouse, Ziyang Academy, Bailu Academy, Yan Hotel and other architectural communities. The buildings all face south, with stone or brick-wood structure, and the roof is a herringbone hard peak, which is quite elegant and indifferent.

The gatehouse of the Academy consists of major buildings, such as Lingxingmen, Chi Pan, Lishengmen and Li Sheng Temple.

The gatehouse is about 6 meters high. Brick and wood structure, four slopes and two floors. Top floor, four oblique ridges, sharp slopes. Under the eaves is a long brick wall decorated with toe flaps and prismatic patterns. On the second floor, like upstairs, there are square brick columns built with bricks under the eaves. The gatehouse is inlaid with the banner of "Bailudong Academy" inscribed by Li Mengyang, the envoy and writer of Jiangxi in Ming Dynasty.

Lingxingmen, built in the third year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (AD 1466), was built by the magistrate in Southern Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in Su Kui, the magistrate in Nankang in the eleventh year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (AD 1498). Originally a wooden structure, Zhou Zuyao, the magistrate of the Southern Tang Dynasty, built the stone archway. It is one of the oldest existing buildings in Bailudong Academy. The ancient legend "Xing Xing" means "satellites", which means that there are a lot of talents here, which means training talents for the country. The gate is an archway with six columns and five rooms, and the second floor is connected by Liang Shi. The middle beam is carved with branch peony, which is swollen and rippled, and the knife method is rough and concise.

Behind the Lingxing Gate is Chi Pan. Historically, the pool in front of Gong Xue was called Chi Pan. "Teaching in Pan Zhe". This pool is rectangular. There is an arched stone bridge on the pool, with granite railings and fences on both sides of the bridge. Formerly known as Panqiao, it is now known as Zhuangyuan Bridge.

Lixianmen is the main entrance of the academy, which was originally called Master Temple Gate or Dacheng Gate. In the ninth year of the Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 182), Zhu Ci, the monarch of Nankang, built it for 300,000 yuan. Ten doors, wooden porch-style, are hollow geometric patterns, the skirt is a flat plate, and the attic, hard top and roof headdresses are on both sides. There are four pillars and five rooms at the main entrance. The total length is 22. 10 meter, 7 meters high. 30 meters. On the lintel hung the plaque "The Gate of True Learning".

Ritual and Music Temple, also known as Dacheng Hall. Built in the ninth year of Xichun in Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 182), it is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius and his disciples. The temple is a palace-style, rectangular in plane, with brick and wood structure and wooden pillars. It has 20 large wooden pillars, stone pillars and embossed branches, and is a relic of the Ming Dynasty. There are four pillars and three rooms in the temple. There are 12 large wooden pillars on the wall of the temple, surrounded by brick walls and cloisters. The temple plane is 20 meters long. 59 meters, 24 meters wide. 44 meters, double eaves and nine ridges, staggered arches, gray tile white temple, magnificent. There is a vertical forehead of "Li Dian" hanging in the middle of the double eaves outside the temple. There is a statue of Confucius carved by Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty in the temple. Tang's calligraphy "Teacher's Name List" hangs on the plaque. On the left and right sides of the back wall, there are four stone tablets of "loyalty, filial piety, honesty and chastity" written by Zhu Xishu. There is a stone line statue of "Four Matches and Twelve Philosophers" in the exhibition. Cigarettes abound all year round, which makes Confucianism a little Zen.

On the west side of the academy gate is Ziyang Academy. The main buildings are Zhuzi Temple, Baogong Temple and Dangui Pavilion.

Zhuzi Temple, built in the third year of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1438), is dedicated to Zhu. The shrine is a brick-wood structure, with a hard peak and a white temple with gray tiles. The plane is rectangular with four pillars and five bays. There is a neutral stone carving of Zhu's self-portrait in the shrine, which looks like the inscription of Wengong Temple written by Zhang. On the right side, the study rules of Bailudong Academy are erected, and the gold plaque of "Learning to be Excellent and Being an Official" in Tang calligraphy is hung. Stepping into the temple, there is always a concept of "crossing Confucian scholars in the south, gentlemen first".

On the west side of Zhuzi Temple, Gonggong Temple first worships "scholars who have contributed to caves" such as Li Bo. Formerly known as Pantheon and Sanxian Temple. In the third year of Ming Dynasty (AD 1438), Zhaipu, the magistrate of Southern Tang Dynasty, was in Fujian. Li Bo, Zhou Dunyi and Zhu. Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, Zhang Hengqu, Chen Liaoweng, Tao Yuanming and Liu Xijian are also honored. The shrine is made of brick and wood, with the same architectural style and scale as Zhuzi Temple.

Tanguige, located in the center of the courtyard, is built on a rectangular abutment, with a wooden structure, a rest peak, a four-slope, a four-slope, a brick ridge, four overhangs, four wooden pillars, a bucket arch, a granite column base and a plane. Neutral "Ziyang holds Dangui" tablet, written by Cao Bingjun in Lingnan in September of Guangxu four years (AD 1878).

On the east side of the academy gate is Bailu Academy. This group of buildings is the main body of the academy, and all the buildings reflect its practicability from different angles. Its main buildings are Yushu Pavilion, Mingluntang, Bailudong and Sixiandi.

Yushuge was built in the eighth year of Xichun (A.D. 1 18 1), formerly known as Yuzhi Building. It is now built for the collection of Notes on Thirteen Classics, Twenty-first History, Notes on Ancient Literature, Zhuzi Quanshu, etc. The pavilion is a wooden building with two floors, a square plane and corridors around it. There is a vertical "Imperial Book Pavilion" in the middle of the second floor. Xiandianding

The pavilion is a wooden building with two floors, a square plane and corridors around it. There is a vertical "Imperial Book Pavilion" in the middle of the second floor. The top of the palace is very spectacular. There is an inscription on the column outside the pavilion: "Spring can wash inkstone, and mountain show can collect books."

Mingluntang, also known as Mingluntang. In the third year of Ming Dynasty (AD 1438), Zhai Pu, the magistrate of Southern Tang Dynasty, was in Fujian. Brick and wood structure, white temple gray tile, herringbone hard top, four bays, with corridor in front. Mingluntang is the place where the academy teaches, so there are places where deer and tourists forget each other; Spring peak is reflected in couplets, which encourages students to study hard to get "a paradise of benevolence and wisdom"

At the beginning, Bailudong was famous for having no holes. In the 9th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1530), Qin Wang, the magistrate of the Southern Tang Dynasty, opened a cave by offering sacrifices to the mountain, and wrote "Newly opened cave was reported to Jinshi". In the 14th year of Jiajing (A.D. 1535), the magistrate of the Southern Tang Dynasty carved a stone deer and put it in the cave, and wrote "Shilu Ji": "Since the Tang Dynasty, Bailu Cave has become famous all over the world! But if the history is far away, the deer will survive and the hole will be broken. " "This is a name, but it is not a reality."

Stone deer, with vertical ears and head held high, staring ahead, concise knife method. After Shilu, in the 14th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1657), the main bear of Bailudong Mountain wrote "Records of Little Sima Dazhong Cheng and Cai Gong Reviving Bailuyuan Academy". The cave, made of granite, is in the shape of a coupon arch, 4 meters high and 4 meters wide. 15m, 6m deep. 35 meters. There are stone steps on the right side of the cave. You can climb the stairs to Sixian Terrace.

Sixian Terrace was founded in the 9th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1530) and 30th year of Jiajing (A.D. 155 1). Jiangxi patrolled Cao Bian to build a pavilion, which means "seeing Taiwan and thinking of sages", so it was named Sixian Terrace. The terrace plane is square, the pavilion is made of wood, and the terrace plane is square. It rests on the top of the mountain, with double arches, a door in the middle, wooden windows on all sides and a granite fence in front. There are stone fences around the stage, stone carvings in the columns, and a book "The Origin of Neo-Confucianism" on the cliff. Liu Shiyang wrote Four Sendai; Yang Zhichu, a book of Qin Dynasty; Li Ziyuan wrote, "A castle in the air moistens things silently."

To the east of Egret Academy is Yan Hotel. Its main building is called Feng Chunlou, with wooden structure, rest peak, upturned angle and fragrant eaves. It extends downstairs and is supported by four columns to form a balcony. Width15m, depth 8m, totally two floors. It looks solemn and quiet. Entertain guests. There are two rows of wings on both sides of the building.

Among the ancient buildings in Gefei Liu Dan, hundreds of monuments inscribed in the past dynasties are placed in the east-west corridor, adding a bit of quaint atmosphere to the academy.

The main building of the college building is symmetrically arranged on the central axis. If this building is compared to a "solidified movement", then the stage, hall, pavilions and halls are colorful paragraphs in this movement, which fully expresses a theme that has lasted for hundreds of years. Looking at colorful plaque couplets, hundreds of conceptual ancient monuments, and dense fragrant flowers in the academy, all reveal a strong cultural atmosphere.

There is a crystal clear stream in front of Xi Hospital in Guanshi Road. There is an ancient bridge on the stream, called pillow flow bridge. The bridge is made of stone, with guardrails on both sides, and spans the Guandao River. Under the bridge, the stream flows and the stone pillow is named after the stone carving of Zhu Xi's book "Pillow Flow". The bridge length is 12. 5 meters, 3 wide. 2 meters, about 10 meters high. It was first built by Zhu Yusong in the eighth year (A.D. 1 18 1), when it was a wooden bridge. In the 11th year of Qing Daoguang (A.D. 183 1), the poplar in Nanxiangfu was built as a stone bridge. Li Mengyang's poem "Sleeping Bridge": "The gorge is urgent, and the stone next to the bridge is excited; I was shocked to hear it on the bridge. People are independent in the sunset. " Described the danger of this bridge.

On the cliff stone carvings in Guandaoxi, there are inscriptions such as "Bailu Cave", "Hiding Place", "Diaoyutai", "Washing Stone" and "Liubei Pool". Stone carvings have created a profound cultural atmosphere, which truly embodies the charm of "spring sounds loose and a little literature and art, white stone is cold and clear".

"There is no empty foreign affairs temple in Mo Wen, so I am interested in sharing the same experience with this mountain." . It is with such independent spirit and detached feelings that Bailudong Academy has shaped her immortality.

Third, Songyang Academy.

Songyang Academy is located at the foot of Ji Junfeng, 3 kilometers north of Dengfeng City. It is named because it is located in the sun of Songshan Mountain. It is one of the four academies in Song Dynasty. Songyang Academy, formerly known as Songyang Temple, was founded in the eighth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (484), and was renamed Songyangguan in the year of Daye in Sui Dynasty (605-618). In the first year of Tang Hongdao (683), he came to Pan twice in spring and winter, with Songyangguan as his palace. After the Five Dynasties, from the first year to the third year of the Qing Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty (934 ~ 936), Jinshi Ponzi gave lectures in Songyang, which was later renamed Taiyi Academy. During the Song Dynasty (995 ~ 997), it was named "Taishi Academy", with nine classics and hundreds of school officials. In the second year of Song Dynasty (1035), Songyang Academy was named, and the dean was responsible for the affairs of the Academy, and 100 mu of school land was allocated for expenses. Famous Confucian scholars Sima Guang, Fan Zhongyan, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao and others have given lectures here, which made them famous for a while. During the reign of Jin Dading (1161~189), the academy was renamed Chengtiangong, and it was renamed Songyang Academy after being rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, with a two-way hall. In the 13th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1674), Ye Feng, a magistrate of a county, was rebuilt, and in the 16th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1677), Geng Jie rebuilt the academy and built more pavilions for renovation. Geng Jie personally coached, preached classics and taught Taoism, and achieved remarkable results. Songyang Academy has been rebuilt many times in Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and its scale has gradually formed and its layout has become increasingly strict. In particular, during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (1662 ~ 1722), the Pantheon, Lecture Hall, Sanxian Hall, Lizetang Hall, Library, Taoist Temple, Boyue Zhai and Sanyizhai were built successively, and a field wall was added.

The organizational system of Songyang Academy is simple and elegant, with five main buildings on the central axis and complete corridors. At the beginning, there were three rolling doors, followed by ancestral hall, lecture hall, Taoist temple and Tibetan Scripture Building. There are "Zhu Cheng Temple", "Lizetang", book house and study room on both sides of the central axis. The architecture of Songyang Academy is different from that of a temple. Most of them are hard mountain houses covered with gray tiles. There are more than 0/00 existing houses/kloc, with an area of 1000 square meters.

There were 3 original ancient cypresses in the hospital, of which 1 tree was destroyed, and only two were left, named "General cypress" and "Second General cypress", both of which were over 2000 years old. There are dozens of monuments in the courtyard, such as the map monument of Dengfeng County in the Ming Dynasty, and there is also the famous "Tang Dynasty Songyang Shengde Sense Monument" outside the courtyard.

On June 20, 1963, it was announced by the former Henan Provincial People's Committee as a cultural relics protection unit in Henan Province.

Fourth, Yingtian Academy.

Yingtian Academy, together with Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi, Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan, and Songshan Academy in Songshan, Henan, are called the four major academies in the Northern Song Dynasty. In Song Zhenzong, Songzhou (now Shangqiu), the place where Zhao Kuangyin of Song Taizu made his fortune, 1006 was changed to Yingtianfu, and 10 14 was promoted to Nanjing. 1009, Song Zhenzong officially awarded the title of Yingtianfu Academy. In Song Renzong, Yingtian Academy was changed to Nanjing imperial academy in 1043, becoming one of the highest institutions of learning in the Northern Song Dynasty. Yingtian Academy was formerly a private school in Yang Yun at the end of Jin Dynasty. Since then, through the efforts of its students, it has developed and produced many talents. Fan Zhongan, a famous politician and writer, is one of them. Since then, with the support of Cao Cheng and others, especially Yan Shu, a famous writer, the academy has developed greatly. Fan Zhongyan and other famous teachers teach here, and even more talented people come forth in large numbers. The college no longer exists and the government is planning to rebuild it.