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Design is the product of the combination of thinking and expression. The design process is a thinking and creating process, often the perfect design is the perfect crystallization of this process. Thinking is the source of design, without good thinking it is impossible to create a good design work.

Thinking is a feeling, perception, appearance and other perceptual awareness based on rational cognitive activities, it is through concepts, judgments, reasoning in the form of a generalized reflection of reality. It reflects not the individual characteristics and external connections of objective things, but the internal connections of objective things. People achieve the realization of the essence of things through thinking, therefore, compared with the direct perceptual reflection of objective things such as sensation, perception, and appearance, it is a deeper, more complete and can be said to be a more advanced reflection.

The so-called design refers to the process of expressing a design, planning, conceptualization, and problem-solving method through visual means. Its core elements include the formation of plans and ideas; the way of visual communication; and the specific application of the plan after it has been communicated. Design is also the designer for the design of many perceptual thinking produced by the induction and refinement of the thinking produced by the summary, therefore, in the pre-design phase designers must be designed to be carried out in the design program to make a thorough investigation and planning, analysis of the customer's specific requirements and program intentions, as well as the entire program of the purpose of the intention, regional characteristics, cultural connotations, etc. plus the designer's unique quality of thinking to produce a series of Design ideas, in order to refine the most accurate design on many ideas and concepts. After analyzing the design elements, the designer must produce a number of ideas and thoughts about the entire design, and these thoughts are derived from the design of objective perceptual thinking, and then we can follow the synthesis, abstraction, generalization, generalization of the thinking method will be classified to find out the ideas of the intrinsic connection, the design of the positioning, so as to form the design of the idea

1, dispersive thinking

Diffuse thinking is not bound by the scope of existing knowledge and traditional concepts, it takes an open and active way, from different directions of thinking to derive new ideas. Divergent thinking is the main component of design thinking, so some psychologists believe that design thinking is divergent thinking.

Diffuse thinking, also known as divergent thinking, divergent thinking, it is based on certain conditions, the problem of seeking a variety of different, unique solutions to the thinking, with openness and pioneering. Therefore, the American psychologist Bartlett once called it "exploratory thinking", and some people call it "the hotbed of creativity". It can be seen that a wide range of openness, is the main feature of divergent thinking.

Diffuse thinking can be from a wide range of aspects of diffusion, from different directions to open up. In this regard, we can take some of the completed design, from the assumption of intrinsic connection, to make a model of divergent thinking. For example, taking the two-wheeled bicycle as the center of dispersion and development, forming a "design circle", and deepening a design into a series of products. Of course, this process does not rely on the wisdom of one person, but is accomplished by many people over a period of decades. The theme of peace has been a recurring theme for designers from the East and the West in recent decades, and different ideas have evolved in different directions. Some use the combination of a young girl and a dove as a beautiful mood; some use the "hand shadow" method to represent the peace dove protected by human beings. There are also designers who develop their ideas from the other side, reflecting the desire for peace from the direction of "anti-war" and the elimination of weapons. This is also a kind of diffusion of thinking to overcome the psychological "stereotypes", it is also very important for the breakthrough and development of thinking. "Stereotypes" is the cognitive tendency of a thing of psychological readiness, "with old eyes to see new things" is a kind of stereotypes. It may make us hold a conservative attitude towards new things because of certain "stereotypes". In terms of aesthetic attitude, this phenomenon is more obvious. For example, at the First Universal Exhibition in London (1851), the American practical exhibits were laughed at by half of Europe, and it took decades before a fair evaluation was made. In addition to this, the usefulness of the object, i.e., its function, may also be subject to "functional stereotyping", i.e., having a fixed view of the object's function, which affects its function in other ways. Once the interference of such stereotypes is removed, the thinking will also go in a different direction.

A book titled "How to Design Thinking," written by Hiroshi Takahashi of Japan, cites a number of examples of inventions inspired by other things. For example, a Velcro fastener that opens and closes freely was invented because of the burdock seed. In the era of continuous renovation of clothing styles, the French master of clothing, St. 6.1 Laurent, introduced the concept of "geographic" design, in fact, the world's regions and ethnic groups of clothing and European clothing, or Indian style, or Vietnamese style, and so on. Inspired by this, some people put forward the "history" of the design concept, the past era of clothing and modern clothing to combine in order to seek novelty, which is the St. Laurent horizontal expansion of the design of the idea of vertical instead, can also be effective (Figure 3-48) (Figure 3-49).

2, convergent thinking

Convergent thinking is to think about an object as the center, the use of existing knowledge and experience as a guide, from different perspectives, in different directions to seek answers to the goal of a form of reasoning and logical thinking. Divergent thinking on the full development of intelligence, so that we are in an extremely wide space to find a variety of assumptions and programs to solve the problem. However, the results of divergent thinking are also unstable, because there are reasonable and unreasonable assumptions; there are correct and absurd. The correct conclusion can only be reached through identification, verification and selection one by one, just as the famous mathematician Pangale said: "Invention does not consist of useless combinations, but of a very small number of useful combinations. Invention is identification, selection." This kind of concentration after diffusion, the search for commonality after dissimilarity, needs to rely on the convergent nature of divergent thinking.

Convergent thinking is a one-way unfolding of thinking, also known as seeking the same thinking, focused thinking, is the way of thinking for the problem to explore a correct answer. Obviously, the dispersion of the dispersion of thinking produced by a variety of ideas, is the basis for the development of convergent thinking, concentration, selection is the right answer to the proof. This process can not be completed at once, often in accordance with the "dispersion - concentration - and then dispersion - and then concentration" of the (Figure 3-50) (Figure 3-51).

The core of divergent thinking is choice. We say that the choice is also creative, because the unselected diffusion, and ultimately can not play the efficiency, also can not make the design thinking into effective creativity. In a variety of envisioning programs, design sketches in the choice of the best, is what we have experienced. However, the choice is not a mechanical affirmation and denial, it is supplemented with the amendment of the cross, like three steps forward and one step back of the "Yangge Dance" type of forward. The American art psychologist Rudolph 6.1 Arnheim carefully studied Picasso's creative process and found that Picasso had made 61 sketches when he created his famous painting Guernica, and it was only after a few revisions that it became a work in the world. Arnheim concluded that Picasso's creative process was "an interaction of conflict, alteration, restriction and supplementation, gradually achieving the unity, harmony and richness of the whole work, so that artistic activity is not like an organism that grows upward continuously from the seed. Therefore, artistic activity is not like an organism that grows upward from the seed. It develops like an irregular jump, sometimes forward, sometimes backward, sometimes from the whole to the part, sometimes from the part to the whole". For design, the thinking process is characterized in exactly the same way. It is worth noting that design differs from many of the arts in its "limitations". In other words, the criteria for selection are in some ways not free because of the stronger "constraints" imposed by design's direct connection to material production or practical function. Therefore, the process of selection necessarily involves an element of reasoning. Take a relatively simple book cover design, the limitations of the book, highlighting the requirements of the book title, printing process constraints, etc., very little may be due to the artistic effect and change at will

Artistic design of the dispersion, convergence thinking, with an image of the analogy, that is, with the human brain as the center of thinking, the mode of thinking from the outside of the aggregation of the center, or from the center outward to the dispersion of the outward. Based on this, the directional pattern of thinking is also derived, that is, the directional, lateral and reverse development of thinking. For the form of thinking in art design, these aspects are very important factors in the process of conducting art design. Understanding, mastering and consciously training in this thinking method is conducive to our full development of artistic potential in modern art design, improve the efficiency of design thinking and creative ability.

Aggregate thinking is to perceive the object in the process of art design, the collection of information based on a certain standard "convergence" up, to explore its **** and essential features. Seek the same thinking in the movement process, the first performance is in a hazy state of a variety of information and materials, these information and materials may be chaotic, disorderly, and its characteristics are not obvious. But with the deepening of thinking activities, the creative theme of ideas gradually clear and clear, each material or information **** gradually emerged as interdependent, interconnected with **** the same characteristics of the elements, the focus gradually gathered in the center of thinking, so that the form of the creation of the gradual improvement

Diffuse thinking is the center of thinking outward launching the dispersion, resulting in a multi-directional, Multi-directional, multi-angle tentacles to capture creative inspiration. If we compare the human brain to a large tree, human thinking, feeling, imagination and other activities to promote the derivation of "branches", the more "branches", and other "branches" contact opportunities The more "branches" there are, the more contact there is with other "branches", and the more intersections (synapses) there are, and the more new "branches" continue to be derived, forming new synapses. As the cycle continues, each synapse can produce changes, and new ideas can emerge. This is the pattern that the human brain follows in its thinking activities. Every time people contact a thing, see an object, will produce impressions and memories, the more things in contact, the richer the imagination, analysis and problem-solving ability will be stronger. This form of thinking is not subject to the limitations of conventional thinking stereotypes, synthesize the theme, content, object and other factors, as a center point in the thinking space, outward dispersion and absorption, such as art styles, national customs, social trends and other elements that can be drawn on and absorbed to synthesize in their own design thinking dispersive thinking and polymerization of thinking is the process of design thinking are complementary to each other in the two aspects. In the design thinking process, the divergent thinking to a wide range of material collection, free association, looking for design inspiration and design opportunities, to create a variety of conditions for artistic design. Then use the aggregated thinking method to sift, summarize, generalize and judge the materials obtained, so as to produce the correct ideas and conclusions. This process can not be completed at once, often after many iterations, seeking differences - seeking the same - and then seeking differences - and then seeking the same, the two are interconnected, mutual penetration, mutual Transformation, thus generating a new understanding and design ideas