Kneel for some famous buildings, not the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube, but the building materials and characteristics of such buildings. The more detailed, the better. Listen! !

Moscow Kremlin is a symbol of the Russian state, enjoying the reputation of "the eighth wonder of the world", one of the largest buildings in the world, and a treasure house of historical treasures and cultural and artistic monuments.

The Kremlin is located in the center of Moscow and covers an area of 28 hectares. Under the Western Wall is the Red Square covering an area of 7 hectares. Moscow river passes through the city along the south wall of the Kremlin and the south of Red Square. In the16-17th century, the Kremlin was once the palace of the czar. With the transfer of power to St. Petersburg in 1703, the Kremlin continued to maintain its position as a religious center. 19 18 When Moscow became the capital again, the Kremlin once again became the seat of the government department of the Soviet regime and is still the political center of the Russian Federation.

At the turn of the century 1 1 and 12, a Slavic settlement appeared on Borovitski Mountain, which is the prototype of the Kremlin. /kloc-in the first half of the 20th century, the Grand Duke Dolgoruki built a wooden castle, the Kremlin, on the hill here (the present red brick building was built in 1485 to 1495). Kremlin means "fortress" or "inner city". Moscow developed gradually with this castle as the core. Some big cities in Russia have ancient "Kremlin", but after 1547, only the castle in Moscow is called "Kremlin". The Kremlin has basically taken shape and has remained so far. Italian and Russian architects worked together to make the Italian Renaissance architectural style and Russian traditional architectural style perfectly combined.

The Kremlin is roughly triangular, with a total length of 2,235 meters, a height of 5 to 19 meters and a thickness of 3.5 to 6.5 meters. It has four doors and nineteen towers. The famous "Kremlin clock" originated from the clock on the Basque Tower and was installed from 185 1 to 1852. It is connected with the clock of the Observatory to give the most accurate time. The tower is 67.3 meters high, and the gate below is the main passage to the Kremlin.

To the west of the Kremlin are the Alexander Garden and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, where newlyweds come to offer flowers.

Now, Maniche's underground shopping malls and squares have been built, integrated with the garden, and fountains and sculptures can be seen everywhere. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was built before Victory Day 1967 to commemorate the people who died in World War II. The long open flame on the tombstone has been burning since it was ignited. The tombstone reads "Your name is unknown, and your achievements will last forever". When foreign leaders come, they will all come here to offer flowers.

When you visit the Kremlin, the first thing you see is the conference building, which is a modern building with 6000 seats and luxurious interior decoration. In addition to meetings, it is also a place for high-level performances.

Go further, and you will see the king of cannon and the king of bell. Gun king has a history of more than 400 years. The gun weighs 40 tons and the muzzle diameter is 0. 92 meters. There are four shell casings piled up in front of the gun. Each weighing 2 tons. There are exquisite reliefs on the gun mount, as well as the portrait of Tsar fedor. Because it is too heavy and too big, it has never been used.

Zhong Wang, well-deserved, weighs 202 tons and is 6. 14m, diameter 6. 60 meters, four and a half times heavier than Beijing Yongle Bell, 1735 took two years to cast. Due to the fire, a piece of the clock fell, weighing 1 1. Five tons. There are statues of Tsar Alexei and Empress Anna, and statues on the clock.

Next to Zhong Wang is the Ivan the Terri Bell Tower built in Dabaishi, which is 8 1 m high and was once the highest point in Moscow. There are more than a dozen ancient clocks hanging in the building. When they ring, they can be heard from a distance.

Further on, it is the Church Square, which is the oldest square in Moscow. The magnificent white rock church with five roofs is the Church of the Assumption of Our Lady, where the archduke and czar held the coronation ceremony.

On the right side of the square is the Angel Church, near moscow river. It is small in scale, but the most attractive thing is the chapel of the palace, which is also the place where the royal wedding is held, and the oldest icon mural in Russia is preserved here.

The angel church opposite is the king's mausoleum. After moving the capital to Petersburg, emperors of past dynasties were reburied in the "Peter Paul Cathedral" in St Petersburg.

The main palace of the Kremlin, the Grand Kremlin, was completed in 1849, and later became the place where the Supreme Soviet held a meeting. The Orthodox Imam Palace, built in11950s, is now17th century Russian Culture and Art Museum. The Great Hall for the Party Congress of the Kremlin was built in 196 1 year. It was built underground in order not to affect the beauty of those ancient buildings.

The Grand Kremlin is the imperial palace of the czars of past dynasties, with a white, blue and red Russian flag on the dome. Now this is the place where the Russian president works, and Putin lives here, but unfortunately he is not allowed to visit.

Further down, there are the Weapons Museum and the Diamond Museum. In fact, it is the exhibition hall of Russian czar's valuables. Built in 185 1, it used to be a place for manufacturing and storing weapons. Famous collections include: crown, pure gold scepter, token, ivory throne with Ivan stalk, diamond treasure house of Tsar Alexei, wedding dress of Catherine II, saddle inlaid with precious stones and sabre. There is also a17th century Bible. The silver cover is inlaid with 30 17 gems and so on, all of which are priceless.

The Kremlin includes architectural classics with unique architectural art and plastic arts. The Kremlin has had a decisive influence on promoting the development of Russian architectural art, especially in the period of artistic revival.

From the 0/3rd century A.D./KLOC-to the establishment of St. Petersburg and the 20th century, the Kremlin has a direct and real connection with all major events in Russian history. From 65438 to 0990, according to the selection criteria of cultural heritage, Moscow Kremlin and Red Square were included in the World Cultural Heritage List.

Red Square is a famous square in the center of Moscow, the capital of Russia. It is located in the center of Moscow and adjacent to the Kremlin in the southwest.

Name source:

Its predecessor was the "Industrial and Commercial Zone Outside the City" developed by Ivan III of Russia in the east of the city at the end of 15. 15 17, a fire broke out in the square, which was once called "fire square". From the second half of17th century, it was renamed as "Red Square".

History:

In Russian, "red" means "beauty" and "red square" means "beautiful square". The large-scale expansion of Red Square is after 18 12. At that time, Napoleon's army set fire to Moscow, and the people of Moscow broadened the Red Square when they rebuilt their homes. In the 1920s, Red Square merged with the neighboring Vasilevschi Square, forming its present scale. Red Square is 695 meters long from north to south and 130 meters wide from east to west, with a total area of over 90,000 square meters. The square is covered with ochre red square stones, shiny and shiny. Both sides of the square are inclined, and the whole red square seems to be slightly raised. Vasily Blanie Cathedral is located in the south of the square, slightly inclined to the slope of moscow river. This church was built in 1555 ~ 15 1 year to commemorate the Russian czar's occupation of Kazan Principality and astrakhan. It is known as an outstanding representative of ancient Russian architectural art. The church is composed of nine churches, large and small, and eight smaller churches around it surround the larger churches, forming a group of exquisite buildings. These nine churches are dome towers, with the central main tower 47 meters high and surrounded by eight onion-shaped domes with different heights, shapes, colors, patterns and decorations. The church is made of red bricks and decorated with white stone components. The top of the dome is glittering with bright red, yellow and green. The whole church is permeated with a strong festive atmosphere. There are patriots Juning and Bo Zalsky Monuments in front of the church.

There is a three-story red brick building in the north of Red Square, with eight buildings in the north and eight buildings in the south. This is a historical museum built in19th century, with a collection of 4.5 million exhibits. On the east side of Red Square is the largest state-owned department store complex in Moscow, which was built in the early 1920s, with two floors and a business area of nearly 80,000 square meters.

Lenin's mausoleum is located on the west side of Red Square, in front of the center of the Kremlin wall. 1924 65438+ built on1October 27th. It was originally made of wood, but it was made of granite and marble at 1930. After the Great Patriotic War, the crystal coffin containing Lenin's body was replaced with a new one. Lenin's mausoleum is half underground and half exposed. Its body surface is three stepped cubes made of black and red marble and granite. The mausoleum has a volume of 5,800 cubic meters and an internal volume of 2,400 cubic meters. The tombstone engraved with the word "Lenin" in front of the tomb has a net weight of 60 tons. The top of the tomb is a platform, and the two wings of the platform are observation platforms that can accommodate ten thousand people. Walking down the black marble steps, you can enter the mourning hall in the center of the mausoleum. Lenin lay peacefully in a crystal coffin covered with red party flag and the national flag, wearing a yellow coat and a red flag medal on his chest. Not far from Lenin's mausoleum, there is Lenin Museum, which contains Lenin's relics and biographies. Between Lenin's mausoleum and the Kremlin wall is the cemetery of other leaders of the former Soviet Union. Red Square is the witness of Moscow's history and the pride of Moscow people.

The popularity of Red Square is comparable to that of Tiananmen Square, but it is not as big as expected, with an area of 9 1 000 square meters, only about 1/5 of Tiananmen Square. The ground is unique, all paved with stones, and looks ancient and sacred.

The original name of Red Square is "Torge", which means "market". 1662 was changed to "red square", and the old saying was "beautiful square". Make no mistake!

There are many famous buildings in Red Square, and to the south is Vasily Ascension Cathedral, also known as Pocroft Cathedral. It was built by Emperor Ivan to commemorate 1552' s victory over the Tatar army in Kazan. When you see this church, you will be attracted by its unique architectural style. In the middle of this church is a church roof with a big spire. Eight small domes with different colors and patterns are scattered around it, and nine golden onion-shaped church roofs are wonderful. Ivan Ray ordered the architect to be blind so that such a beautiful church would not appear elsewhere. Poor architect! In front of Vasily Ascension Cathedral are statues of national heroes Minen and Bo Zalsky (completed on 18 18). From 16 1 1 to 16 12, the Polish invaders were defeated and Moscow was liberated.

In front of the church is a circular platform, commonly known as the guillotine, which is a place to preach to the masses and read the czar's orders. At the same time, it is also a place where the death penalty is executed. The execution is carried out under the stage, and the execution order and the prisoner's crime are read out on the stage. Throw some coins into the platform to mourn the fool who died unjustly!

To the south of Basil's Ascension Cathedral is Basil Slope. All the way to moscow river.

1988 On May 28th, a young German pilot landed on the slope of Vasily. As a result, the Soviet defense minister and the commander-in-chief of the air defense force were dismissed. Don't try, it doesn't seem so fun! Russian missiles may be interested!

On the west side of Red Square is the famous Lenin Mausoleum, which is made of red granite and black feldspar. Lenin's body was placed in a crystal coffin covered with the flag of the former Soviet Union. The face and hands are illuminated by special lights, clear and quiet. The opening hours are Wednesday and Thursday morning 10- 1 1. Saturday 1-2. I think Lenin's hut is better than Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall. Old Lenin died too early! Sad!

On the upper floor of Lenin's mausoleum, there is a podium. Whenever there is an important ceremony, leaders will stand on Lenin's mausoleum to watch and preside over the ceremony.

Between the back of Lenin's mausoleum and the red wall of the Kremlin. There are 12 tombstones: Stalin, Brezhnev, andropov, chernenko, dzerzhinsky and other former Soviet politicians. Stalin's body was originally in Lenin's mausoleum, but it was removed from Lenin's mausoleum on June 3 1 962+1October 31. Buried behind Lenin's mausoleum.

Walking along the walls of the Kremlin, there are also the ashes of former Soviet celebrities such as Marshal zhukov, Lenin's wife Krupskaya, Gorky and the first astronaut Gagarin.

To the east of Red Square is the national department store. Built in 1893 and designed by Pomeranz Fu, it has become one of the top ten famous department stores in the world.

To the north of Red Square is the History Museum, with a red brick and white roof. It is also a landmark building in Moscow, built in 1873. 1On May 8th, 995, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the victory of World War II, a statue of Marshal zhukov, a hero of World War II, was erected in the north of Red Square.