What are the characteristics of Dong nationality?

Most Dong people wear self-spun, self-woven and self-dyed Dong cloth. They like blue, purple, white and blue. Men's clothing is the same as that of the Han nationality near the town, but slightly different in remote mountainous areas. They are wearing collarless jackets, trousers and a handkerchief worn by their right hands. Some have hairs on their heads. Women's clothing varies from place to place, such as trousers, clothes with shoulder pads, silver beads and braids; Those who wear knee-length clothes, hem cuffs and trousers with piping or lace, and hold up their hair; Wearing a big coat, a big trouser leg, a Cambodian belt, a Baotou handkerchief and a bun; There are double-breasted clothes, chest linings, pleated skirts, waist-binding, foot-binding or leggings, and a bun inserted into the silver spine; Wide sleeves, big breasts, embroidered dragon and phoenix flowers, long skirts over the knees, combing hair; And Hanfu. Generally like to wear silver ornaments.

Dong people's diet is mainly rice, Pingba area is mainly japonica rice, and mountainous areas eat more glutinous rice. Generally like to eat Chili and sour. Self-processed "fermented fish" and "fermented meat" will not go bad after being stored for more than ten years. It is the hospitality habit of Dong people to entertain guests with camellia oleifera. The villages of the Dong nationality are surrounded by mountains and rivers, and the southern region is the most distinctive. There are many ancient trees at the end of the village, and the stream crosses the "wind and rain bridge". There are four fish ponds in the village. According to the surname, the Drum Tower stands among them. Live in a "dry fence" house, live upstairs, raise livestock, and pile up debris downstairs.

"Mid-Autumn Festival" is a social activity. People go from one village to another to play lusheng or sing and sing operas. Off-season bullfighting is one of the collective entertainment activities. At that time, young and old will gather together, with a sea of people, cheers and thunder, gongs and drums, and iron cannons shaking the valley. If guests from other villages pass by this village, they will stop at the edge of the village and answer with a song called "Zhazhai Gate". "Singing and sitting on the moon", also known as "singing and sitting at night", is the general term for young men and women to socialize and fall in love. The Dong nationality area in the north is called "mountain play", where young men and women meet in groups of three and five to sing love songs on the hillside after work. In the southern Dong area, it is called "Walking Village" or "Walking Girl". In the evening, the girls work together in the house, and the boys in Kezhai bring musical instruments to accompany them and talk about their love. When making out, men and women exchange notes (give gifts) and make promises to each other, which is a matter between husband and wife. Dong people in Fulu and other places in Sanjiang County often gather in Guangping on March 3 or February 2 in the summer calendar to punch an iron ring with a special fire bag. When landing, everyone will grab it, and the winner will get a generous reward. This is the so-called "fireworks grab".

The marriage of Dong people is monogamous. Cousins are more popular, and aunts, cousins and people of different generations can't get married. After marriage, women have the custom of "sitting at home" (that is, "staying at home"). Before liberation, the basic social unit of Dong nationality was patriarchal clan system with feudal patriarchal system. Women's status in society and family is lower than that of men, and women are forbidden to touch bronze drums; Men or elders are downstairs and are not allowed to go upstairs. Dong girls can only enjoy the "private houses" accumulated by their parents and themselves and a small amount of "girl fields" and "girl fields" after marriage. Men inherit the family business, and those who have no heirs can adopt adopted sons.

Funerals are generally buried like the Han nationality. In some areas, there is also the custom of stopping burial. After death, people park their coffins in the suburbs, and their families are buried together with the contemporaries of the deceased when they die.

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Dong people's culture and art are rich and colorful, and they have the reputation of "hometown of poetry and ocean of songs". Dong people's poems are rigorous in rhythm, wide in subject matter, healthy and clear in artistic conception and vivid in metaphor. Among them, lyric poetry is delicate, sincere and enthusiastic. ; Narrative poems are euphemistic and tortuous, with profound implications, and are extremely precious cultural heritage of Dong folk literature. Poetry lyrics are mostly based on human origin, national migration and customary law, which has historical value. Zhu Lang Niang Die, mang years old, saburo and five sisters are the most popular. There are many beautiful music tunes. A multi-part chorus "big song" has a loud voice, great momentum and free rhythm. Pipa music, named after the accompaniment of pipa or Geyiqin (Dong language ki2 12, commonly known as Niubatui), has a cheerful and smooth tune and is unique to Dong people. Folk stories and legends have a wide range of themes, various forms, strange twists and turns, fascinating and romantic expressions, which reflect the rich imagination and good wishes of the Dong people to pursue light and overcome evil. Dong Opera developed from the initial narrative rap, which began in the early 9th century/KLOC-0. According to legend, it was created by Wu Wencai (about 1798 ~ 1845), a Dong nationality in Liping. The catwalk is simple, the movements are simple and the tunes are changeable. When singing, it is accompanied by "Geyiqin", gongs and drums are loud, wearing Dong costumes, not painting faces, and full of national colors. Dong folk dances include "Duoye", Lusheng, dragon dance and lion dance. "Duoye" is a kind of mass collective song and dance, where men and women form a circle hand in hand and sing while walking. Lusheng dance is a group dance in which dancers play Lusheng while dancing. In addition to the above musical instruments, there are Dong flute, suona and so on. Handicrafts include flower picking, embroidery, painting, carving, paper cutting, paper carving, rattan weaving and bamboo weaving. Embroidery is a skill that Dong women are good at. They embroidered various patterns, figures, animals, flowers and insects on their costumes, with vivid images and rich and harmonious colors. Silver ornaments include collars, necklaces, bracelets, earrings, rings, silver hair clips and silver flowers. Textiles include Dong Brocade, Dong Pa and Dong Cloth. First dyed with indigo, and then painted with protein's "egg cloth", which is bright in color and is the inherent material of Dong people.

Dong people are good at stone and wood architecture. Drum tower and bridge are the crystallization of their architectural art. Drum tower is a wooden structure, connected by tenons without nails. There are three, five or even fifteen floors, and water is poured on four sides or six sides and eight sides, and the height is 4 ~ 5 feet. Climbing over the eaves, like a pagoda, it is a symbol of a family or a village, and also a place for people to gather. Yufeng Bridge is a wooden bridge with stone piers, long corridor and bridge pavilion, which is magnificent. Chengyang Bridge in Sanjiang County is the most famous and has been listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Social customs and habits

Most Dong people wear self-spun, self-woven and self-dyed Dong cloth. They like blue, purple, white and blue. Men's clothing is the same as that of the Han nationality near the town, but slightly different in remote mountainous areas. They are wearing collarless jackets, trousers and a handkerchief worn by their right hands. Some have hairs on their heads. Women's clothing varies from place to place, such as trousers, clothes with shoulder pads, silver beads and braids; Those who wear knee-length clothes, hem cuffs and trousers with piping or lace, and hold up their hair; Wearing a big coat, a big trouser leg, a Cambodian belt, a Baotou handkerchief and a bun; There are double-breasted clothes, chest linings, pleated skirts, waist-binding, foot-binding or leggings, and a bun inserted into the silver spine; Wide sleeves, big breasts, embroidered dragon and phoenix flowers, long skirts over the knees, combing hair; And Hanfu. Generally like to wear silver ornaments.

Dong people's diet is mainly rice, Pingba area is mainly japonica rice, and mountainous areas eat more glutinous rice. Generally like to eat Chili and sour. Self-processed "fermented fish" and "fermented meat" will not go bad after being stored for more than ten years. It is the hospitality habit of Dong people to entertain guests with camellia oleifera. The villages of the Dong nationality are surrounded by mountains and rivers, and the southern region is the most distinctive. There are many ancient trees at the end of the village, and the stream crosses the "wind and rain bridge". There are four fish ponds in the village. According to the surname, the Drum Tower stands among them. Live in a "dry fence" house, live upstairs, raise livestock, and pile up debris downstairs.

"Mid-Autumn Festival" is a social activity. People go from one village to another to play lusheng or sing and sing operas. Off-season bullfighting is one of the collective entertainment activities.