What are the tourism values of architectural folklore?

Folklore is a habitual behavior and ideological phenomenon formed by a specific group of people in a certain area in production, life and survival and development. As an important folk phenomenon, folk houses are playing an increasingly important role in today's tourism industry.

Some areas that fail to occupy certain advantages in natural scenery, such as Tonghai, Jianshui, Shiping and other places in Yunnan, can attach importance to folk customs, an important tourism resource, and be good at developing them. Folk custom of folk houses is unique because of its rich humanistic connotation and architectural aesthetics, thus forming an increasingly large-scale folk tourism.

In ancient China, which was a vast and feudal society for a long time, residential buildings in various places have formed distinctive regional and national characteristics, and so have we in Yunnan. From "A Letter" in central Yunnan to the typical houses of Bai and Naxi nationalities in western Yunnan, as well as the traditional houses in Jianshui, Tonghai and Shiping in southern Yunnan, all show rich diversity in architectural appearance and structural form, among which Tonghai, Jianshui and Shiping are the most.

Because most of the ancient buildings in China are wooden structures, and because of the characteristics of building materials, most of the intact buildings are Ming and Qing Dynasties buildings and a few Republic of China buildings. And each part of these residential buildings is an independent decorative object. Wood carving involves almost all building parts, including various main halls, wing rooms, gatehouses, memorial archways and shrines. Wood carving technology is widely used in buildings, such as upper beams and columns, bucket arches, doors and windows, suspension, replacement, cornices, wood carving, lintel carving, railing decoration carving, and furniture furnishings such as tables and frame beds. This paper does not discuss the beauty of architecture and technology here, but just wants to find its rich and colorful folk culture by interpreting the decorative theme of woodcarving, that is, the goodness of woodcarving pattern itself and its inheritance connotation.

The theme of folk woodcarving decoration mostly reflects the inheritance of a kind of folk culture, which determines the universal adoption of formatting, diversification and standardization of folk craft modeling, and forms a complete and rigorous inheritance mode and craft system of mentoring inheritance, showing established formats and different regional and national styles. For example, decorative themes loved by the people are widely used in it, and traditional methods such as metonymy, metaphor, analogy and homophonic combination are used to convey the meaning of auspiciousness and wealth, such as metonymy: borrowing peaches to represent longevity, peony to represent wealth, pomegranate to represent many children and so on. Metaphor: Celebrate your birthday with the metaphor of "Eight Dark Immortals". Comparison: compare plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum to gentlemen. More honest and honest and so on. Homonym: deer homophones "deer", monkey homophones "monkey" and chicken homophones "chicken". Combination is to apply the above four techniques to a decorative theme, using sound, meaning and shape to combine into a pattern to express accurate auspicious terms, such as "Sange", that is, Buddha, peach and pomegranate represent longevity, longevity and multi-children, Five Blessingg holds longevity as the middle birthday character, four-Friday map, and so on.

Due to the change of our own living environment and the erosion of modern culture, we are deeply unfamiliar with these traditional woodcarving patterns today. Solve the mystery of traditional woodcarving patterns, the folk content and cultural implication contained in them, and form an important tourism resource, so that people can inherit and understand the ideas, culture, religion and etiquette that ancestors wanted to inherit while enjoying the natural scenery, and use them, so as to develop new tourism products and improve the added value of characteristic tourism.

The author visited the woodcarving of dwellings in Tonghai, Jianshui and Shiping, and saw a large number of woodcarving of dwellings with exquisite craftsmanship and rich contents. Looking at the decorative themes and contents of these woodcarvings, they can be summarized into three categories: blessing and auspiciousness, humanistic ethics and exorcism.

Blessing and wishing good luck are the most widely used themes in folk wood carving decoration, which can be summarized as blessing, auspiciousness, longevity, happiness and wealth. Its main contents include: communication and education, fame and fortune, auspiciousness and longevity. These themes are closest to people's lives, expressing people's concern about the value of life, their hope for family prosperity, their yearning for a rich and happy life and their pursuit of social status in simple language. Among them, the common social and educational themes are: Guanyin, Fugui, Squirrel Grape, Kirin and so on. Longevity and longevity themes are: Song He invites New Year, Ling Xian celebrates his birthday, Five Blessingg celebrates his birthday, etc. The themes of getting rich are: getting rich, beaming, getting rich immediately, getting rich and so on. The themes of fame and fortune are: all the way to the topic, happiness in the three yuan, immediate closure, and five sons entering the topic.

Figure 1:

Tonghai county

In this painting, a pair of figures are wearing official hats. One person on the right holds an official hat, and the other one holds osmanthus, representing the imperial examination and glorifying the palace. At the top of the picture, a unicorn and a phoenix form Xianglinsao, and Kirin Phoenix, together with dragons and turtles, are the four ancient spirits. In the Yuan Dynasty, the poem "Xianglinsao Weifeng can't recruit, and the crow dies in the sunset" is also a very rare talent. There are three kinds of animals besides Xiangyun Tong at the bottom of the picture. When a bee points at a monkey, it means "sealing the Hou", and when an elephant makes a gesture of worship, it means "worshipping the Xiang", which together means "sealing the Hou and worshiping the Xiang".

Humanistic ethics is the most instructive theme in folk woodcarving, including historical allusions, religious legends and life scenes. , subtly educate people on Confucian loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness, social class and moral norms, and thus strengthen the spiritual and cultural functions of folk houses. Common ethical education themes are: twenty-four filial piety, the meaning of peach blossom, and farming.

Figure 2,

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

To ward off evil spirits and eliminate disasters, happiness and auspiciousness are the themes that people have paid attention to for generations. Therefore, this kind of woodcarving pattern is the most widely used in residential buildings. For example, the fish hanging on the roof is a prayer that hates fire. Swallowing mouth, eight hanging, eight immortals, blessing, Lu and longevity are all considered to have the function of eliminating disasters and avoiding disasters.

Figure 6

"Eight Dark Immortals" and "Eight Auspiciouss". Take Jianshui map as an example.