What are the problems in China's foreign trade development?

1. The development of service trade lags behind.

The development level of China's service trade lags behind that of goods trade, and the ratio of service trade exports to goods trade exports is 1: 9, which is far below the world average 1: 4.2 (1: 2.6 in the United States).

(1) China's service trade is small in scale and poor in overall level. The total service industry in China is insufficient. In 2006, the export value of service trade was 92 billion US dollars, the import value was/kloc-0.08 billion US dollars, and the trade deficit was 8.8 billion US dollars, which was at a low level in the national economy. The backward service industry has greatly restricted the development of China's service trade. In 2006, China's total service trade accounted for 3.6% of the global service trade, while the United States' total service trade accounted for 13.02% of the global total, which was 3.6 times that of China.

(2) The service trade structure is unreasonable.

① The structure of the export department is unreasonable. At present, China's service trade exports are mainly concentrated in traditional service fields such as transportation, tourism and construction. ② The country (region) structure of service trade is unreasonable. China's import and export of service trade is mainly concentrated in Hongkong, EU, USA and Japan, accounting for more than 60% of China's total import and export. ③ The regional development of service trade is unbalanced. China's service trade is mainly concentrated in the developed coastal areas, among which Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Tianjin are in the forefront of the national service trade exports. In 2006, Beijing's service trade accounted for 19% of the total national service trade.

(3) The laws and regulations of service trade are not perfect. China's legislation on trade in services is seriously lagging behind, and it has not been greatly improved until recent years. The legislation of service trade has not formed a system, and a considerable number of laws are in a blank state. Some laws and regulations on trade in services that have been promulgated are not only abstract, but also lack operability. Moreover, the low level of legislation and lack of coordination have affected the unity and transparency of China's service legislation, and some provisions still have a certain gap with international economic and trade rules.

(4) The service management system is backward. At present, there are many defects in China's foreign service trade management system. For example, there are still some differences between the central and local governments in terms of foreign service trade policies and regulations. The problems of multi-head management, multiple policies and even mutual restraint in the service industry have not been completely solved. The statistics of service industry are not standardized, and some places do not conform to international practice in terms of industry division standards and service standards.

2. Technical barriers to trade have seriously hindered the export of China's commodities.

Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) refers to some compulsory or voluntary technical measures taken by a country or regional organization on the grounds of maintaining its basic safety, safeguarding the life, health and safety of human beings, animals and plants, protecting the environment, preventing fraud and ensuring product quality.

(1) More than 60% of China's export enterprises have encountered foreign technical barriers to trade to varying degrees, and the amount of goods that encounter foreign technical barriers to trade exceeds 25% every year, which is about 45 billion to 50 billion US dollars.

(2) Expanding from production and circulation to production and processing, including not only goods and commodities, but also services such as finance and information, has become the biggest non-tariff barrier faced by China's foreign trade enterprises. Technical barriers to trade have seriously affected China's commodity exports, raised China's trade costs, triggered trade disputes, and caused uneven development of regional industries.

3. The increase of trade friction increases the risk of foreign trade.

In recent years, China's foreign trade has achieved rapid growth, and has made remarkable achievements in the process of transforming from a big trading country to a powerful trading country. However, the increasing trade friction has also hindered the development of China's foreign trade. China has been the country that suffered the most anti-dumping investigations in the world for 12 years in a row, and has been the country that suffered the most anti-dumping investigations for five years in a row.

(1) Before 2007 1 1 month, China suffered 62 trade frictions such as anti-dumping, countervailing, special safeguard and safeguard measures.

(2) More and more countries and regions have filed anti-dumping lawsuits against China's goods, especially since 1990s, many developing countries have joined the ranks of anti-dumping investigations against China.

(3) The product and industrial structure of trade friction are expanding. As long as they think that products that damage or will damage their poor competitiveness can be included in the scope of dumped products, they have expanded from raw materials and simple processing in the past to high-tech products now, covering almost most of China's exports, involving more than 4,000 kinds of goods. The US 30 1 Special Clause and 30 1 Super Clause have successively expanded the scope of protection from general commodities to labor, investment and intellectual property rights, and further expanded the scope of litigation.

(4) The amount involved and the anti-dumping tax rate are increasing. 1999, Venezuela decided to take temporary measures to impose 300% anti-dumping duties on shoes such as leather shoes, artificial leather shoes and cloth shoes from China. Peru 65438-0996 filed the highest anti-dumping duty on China shoes, reaching 903.92%. In February 2004, the Mexican Ministry of Economy decided to resume the anti-dumping duty of165%-10/05% on shoes and boots imported from China.

Trade friction has caused serious economic losses to China's exports, and also led to the extrusion of our products in the export market, which has adversely affected China's exports.